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  1. Article ; Online: Warming-induced tree growth may help offset increasing disturbance across the Canadian boreal forest.

    Wang, Jiejie / Taylor, Anthony R / D'Orangeville, Loïc

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 2, Page(s) e2212780120

    Abstract: Large projected increases in forest disturbance pose a major threat to future wood fiber supply and carbon sequestration in the cold-limited, Canadian boreal forest ecosystem. Given the large sensitivity of tree growth to temperature, warming-induced ... ...

    Abstract Large projected increases in forest disturbance pose a major threat to future wood fiber supply and carbon sequestration in the cold-limited, Canadian boreal forest ecosystem. Given the large sensitivity of tree growth to temperature, warming-induced increases in forest productivity have the potential to reduce these threats, but research efforts to date have yielded contradictory results attributed to limited data availability, methodological biases, and regional variability in forest dynamics. Here, we apply a machine learning algorithm to an unprecedented network of over 1 million tree growth records (1958 to 2018) from 20,089 permanent sample plots distributed across both Canada and the United States, spanning a 16.5 °C climatic gradient. Fitted models were then used to project the near-term (2050 s time period) growth of the six most abundant tree species in the Canadian boreal forest. Our results reveal a large, positive effect of increasing thermal energy on tree growth for most of the target species, leading to 20.5 to 22.7% projected gains in growth with climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of these gains, which peak in the colder and wetter regions of the boreal forest, suggests that warming-induced growth increases should no longer be considered marginal but may in fact significantly offset some of the negative impacts of projected increases in drought and wildfire on wood supply and carbon sequestration and have major implications on ecological forecasts and the global economy.
    MeSH term(s) Trees ; Taiga ; Canada ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Climate Change
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2212780120
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  2. Article ; Online: Tree species growth response to climate warming varies by forest canopy position in boreal and temperate forests.

    Wang, Jiejie / D'Orangeville, Loïc / Taylor, Anthony R

    Global change biology

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 18, Page(s) 5397–5414

    Abstract: Reports of forest sensitivity to climate change are based largely on the study of overstory trees, which contribute significantly to forest growth and wood supply. However, juveniles in the understory are also critical to predict future forest dynamics ... ...

    Abstract Reports of forest sensitivity to climate change are based largely on the study of overstory trees, which contribute significantly to forest growth and wood supply. However, juveniles in the understory are also critical to predict future forest dynamics and demographics, but their sensitivity to climate remains less known. In this study, we applied boosted regression tree analysis to compare the sensitivity of understory and overstory trees for the 10 most common tree species in eastern North America using growth information from an unprecedented network of nearly 1.5 million tree records from 20,174 widely distributed, permanent sample plots across Canada and the United States. Fitted models were then used to project the near-term (2041-2070) growth for each canopy and tree species. We observed an overall positive effect of warming on tree growth for both canopies and most species, leading to an average of 7.8%-12.2% projected growth gains with climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of these gains peaked in colder, northern areas for both canopies, while growth declines are projected for overstory trees in warmer, southern regions. Relative to overstory trees, understory tree growth was less positively affected by warming in northern regions, while displaying more positive responses in southern areas, likely driven by the buffering effect of the canopy from warming and climate extremes. Observed differences in climatic sensitivity between canopy positions underscore the importance of accounting for differential growth responses to climate between forest strata in future studies to improve ecological forecasts. Furthermore, latitudinal variation in the differential sensitivity of forest strata to climate reported here may help refine our comprehension of species range shift and changes in suitable habitat under climate change.
    MeSH term(s) Forests ; Ecosystem ; Canada ; Climate Change
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.16853
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  3. Article ; Online: Tree species growth response to climate warming varies by forest canopy position in boreal and temperate forests

    Wang, Jiejie / D'Orangeville, Loïc / Taylor, Anthony R.

    Global Change Biology. 2023 Sept., v. 29, no. 18 p.5397-5414

    2023  

    Abstract: Reports of forest sensitivity to climate change are based largely on the study of overstory trees, which contribute significantly to forest growth and wood supply. However, juveniles in the understory are also critical to predict future forest dynamics ... ...

    Abstract Reports of forest sensitivity to climate change are based largely on the study of overstory trees, which contribute significantly to forest growth and wood supply. However, juveniles in the understory are also critical to predict future forest dynamics and demographics, but their sensitivity to climate remains less known. In this study, we applied boosted regression tree analysis to compare the sensitivity of understory and overstory trees for the 10 most common tree species in eastern North America using growth information from an unprecedented network of nearly 1.5 million tree records from 20,174 widely distributed, permanent sample plots across Canada and the United States. Fitted models were then used to project the near‐term (2041–2070) growth for each canopy and tree species. We observed an overall positive effect of warming on tree growth for both canopies and most species, leading to an average of 7.8%–12.2% projected growth gains with climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of these gains peaked in colder, northern areas for both canopies, while growth declines are projected for overstory trees in warmer, southern regions. Relative to overstory trees, understory tree growth was less positively affected by warming in northern regions, while displaying more positive responses in southern areas, likely driven by the buffering effect of the canopy from warming and climate extremes. Observed differences in climatic sensitivity between canopy positions underscore the importance of accounting for differential growth responses to climate between forest strata in future studies to improve ecological forecasts. Furthermore, latitudinal variation in the differential sensitivity of forest strata to climate reported here may help refine our comprehension of species range shift and changes in suitable habitat under climate change.
    Keywords climate ; climate change ; demographic statistics ; forest canopy ; forest dynamics ; forest growth ; forests ; habitats ; overstory ; regression analysis ; tree growth ; trees ; understory ; wood ; Canada
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Size p. 5397-5414.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.16853
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  4. Article ; Online: Competitive interactions under current climate allow temperate tree species to grow and survive in boreal mixedwood forest

    Soubeyrand, Maxence / Gennaretti, Fabio / Blarquez, Olivier / Bergeron, Yves / Taylor, Anthony R. / D'Orangeville, Loïc / Marchand, Philippe

    Ecography. 2023 May, v. 2023, no. 5 p.e06525-

    2023  

    Abstract: With climate change, climatic optima are shifting poleward more rapidly than tree migration processes, resulting in a mismatch between species distributions and bioclimatic envelopes. Temperate hardwood tree species may take advantage of the release of ... ...

    Abstract With climate change, climatic optima are shifting poleward more rapidly than tree migration processes, resulting in a mismatch between species distributions and bioclimatic envelopes. Temperate hardwood tree species may take advantage of the release of climate constraints and forest management to migrate into the boreal forest. Here, we use the SORTIE‐ND forest simulation model to determine the potential for the persistence of three temperate species (sugar maple, red maple and yellow birch) when introduced at seedling stage in typical balsam fir–paper birch (BF–PB) bioclimatic domain stands of eastern Canada, quantifying the consequences on the native species composition. SORTIE‐ND is a spatially explicit, individual‐based forest stand model that simulates tree growth, regeneration and mortality. We performed a novel parameterization of the SORTIE‐ND tree growth equation allowing for the inclusion of climate modifiers on tree growth. After validating our model with data from permanent forest inventory plots, we modeled the dynamics of unharvested stands at different successional stages, as well as post‐harvest stands, after the addition of sugar maple, red maple and yellow birch seedlings at different densities. Our results show that current BF–PB domain climate conditions do not limit growth and survival of temperate species in boreal stands. Of the temperate species introduced, sugar maple had the lowest ability to grow and survive by the end of the simulation. Species assemblages of host stands were impacted by the presence of temperate species when the addition of seedlings was above 5000 temperate seedlings per hectare at the beginning of the simulation. For stands that were recently clear cut, temperate seedlings were unable to grow due to intense competition from aspen regeneration. Our results suggest that both current climate and competitive interactions between temperate species and boreal species should not impede the ability of temperate species to grow and survive in the BF–PB domain.
    Keywords Acer rubrum ; Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum ; Betula alleghaniensis ; boreal forests ; climate ; climate change ; equations ; forest inventory ; forest management ; forest stands ; hardwood ; indigenous species ; mortality ; seedlings ; simulation models ; species diversity ; tree growth ; trees ; Canada
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1112659-0
    ISSN 0906-7590
    ISSN 0906-7590
    DOI 10.1111/ecog.06525
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Simulated winter warming has negligible effects on germination success of Acadian Forest tree species

    Vaughn, William R. / Taylor, Anthony R. / MacLean, David A. / D’Orangeville, Loïc

    Canadian journal of forest research. 2022, v. 52, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Dormant seeds that require long periods of cold stratification to become germinable may be most sensitive to increases in winter temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we used outdoor plots with infrared heaters to simulate ... ...

    Abstract Dormant seeds that require long periods of cold stratification to become germinable may be most sensitive to increases in winter temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change. In this study, we used outdoor plots with infrared heaters to simulate the effects of projected winter warming (+6 °C) for Canada’s Acadian Forest Region and compared seed germination success of tree species with varying stratification requirements. We evaluated four seedlots each of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton). Three central findings emerged from this study: (i) none of the tested species were significantly affected by warming; (ii) the random effect of seedlot explained more variation in germination success of deciduous species than it did for conifers; and (iii) balsam fir seedlots exhibited considerable differences in their response to warming, implying intraspecific variation in depth of dormancy. These results suggest seed germination success of the tested tree species may not be impeded by their individual seed characteristics under the magnitude of winter warming projected over the coming century in our study area.
    Keywords Abies balsamea ; Acer rubrum ; Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum ; Betula alleghaniensis ; Picea rubens ; Pinus strobus ; climate change ; cold ; dormancy ; forest trees ; forests ; intraspecific variation ; research ; seed germination ; Canada
    Language English
    Size p. 250-260.
    Publishing place Canadian Science Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1473096-0
    ISSN 1208-6037 ; 0045-5067
    ISSN (online) 1208-6037
    ISSN 0045-5067
    DOI 10.1139/cjfr-2021-0105
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  6. Article: The effects of functional diversity and identity (acquisitive versus conservative strategies) on soil carbon stocks are dependent on environmental contexts

    Chen, Xinli / Hisano, Masumi / Taylor, Anthony R. / Chen, Han Y.H.

    Forest ecology and management. 2022 Jan. 01, v. 503

    2022  

    Abstract: Soil carbon (C) plays an important role in mediating global climate change and sustaining environmental condition. Although experimental studies primarily from grasslands revealed the positive effects of plant diversity on soil C storage, there is ... ...

    Abstract Soil carbon (C) plays an important role in mediating global climate change and sustaining environmental condition. Although experimental studies primarily from grasslands revealed the positive effects of plant diversity on soil C storage, there is uncertainty about the directions and magnitudes of tree diversity and soil C relationships in natural forests. Using Canada’s National Forest Inventory data from temperate to boreal forests, we examined the relationships between soil C stocks and tree functional diversity and identity, and how these relationships varied along environmental gradients (i.e., biomes, mean annual temperature, climate moisture index, and soil drainage). In contrast to the results from grassland experiments, we found a negative relationship between tree diversity and soil C stocks in temperate forests and a nonsignificant relationship in boreal forests. Moreover, soil C stocks increased with functional diversity in moist and poorly drained sites, but decreased in dry and well-drained sites within the temperate forest biome. Within the boreal biome, soil C stocks increased with functional diversity in warm climates, but decreased in cold climates. Our findings at the macro-ecological scale indicated that the positive effects of plant diversity might be the highest at the boreal-temperate forests' ecotone. In addition, within the temperate biome, tree communities with higher leaf nitrogen, phosphorus content and specific leaf area were associated with greater mineral horizon soil C stocks, especially in warm or well-drained sites. Our finding of the abiotic context-dependent relationships between soil C stocks and tree functional diversity and identity can guide forest management across different environmental conditions.
    Keywords administrative management ; carbon sequestration ; climate ; climate change ; cold ; drainage ; ecosystems ; ecotones ; environmental factors ; forest ecology ; forest inventory ; forest management ; functional diversity ; grasslands ; leaves ; national forests ; nitrogen ; phosphorus content ; soil ; soil carbon ; species diversity ; specific leaf area ; temperate forests ; temperature ; trees ; uncertainty ; Canada
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0101
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119820
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  7. Article: Disentangling mechanisms of early succession following harvest: Implications for climate change adaptation in Canada’s boreal-temperate forests

    Taylor, Anthony R / Endicott, Sarah / Hennigar, Chris

    Forest ecology and management. 2020 Apr. 01, v. 461

    2020  

    Abstract: Predicting forest succession is not a trivial pursuit and has remained a central challenge for scientists and foresters for well over a century. While thousands of papers have been published on the topic, contributing to a plethora of concepts and ... ...

    Abstract Predicting forest succession is not a trivial pursuit and has remained a central challenge for scientists and foresters for well over a century. While thousands of papers have been published on the topic, contributing to a plethora of concepts and terminologies, there remains confusion over causal mechanisms, inhibiting our ability to adopt many lessons learned to sustainable forest management. Based on an emerging conceptual model of forest succession, presented here as the “Succession Triangle”, we sought to explore the relative importance of mechanisms hypothesized to drive succession following commercial harvesting across a wide landscape in the Acadian Forest Region of eastern Canada. Using machine learning techniques and repeatedly measured forest stand inventory data, including 19,332 forest stands measured over a ≈30 year period, we uncovered dominant early succession pathways and investigated key mechanisms driving these pathways. Overall, our results show stands may follow multiple succession pathways following harvesting, including early dominance by so-called “late-succession” species (e.g., black spruce and sugar maple), depending on causal mechanisms. More specifically, mechanisms related to the state of the environment (primarily climate) and differential species availability (mainly pre- and post-harvest overstorey composition) had the strongest control over early succession. The strong influence of pre-harvest composition on early succession supports the ‘direct regeneration’ hypothesis; while the importance of post-harvest overstorey composition suggests the use of partial-cutting as a means of regenerating shade-tolerant species (e.g., sugar maple and red spruce). Site conditions (i.e., slope and drainage) influenced the direction of succession, but landscape-level variation in climate had the overall strongest effect, with colder, more moist climates promoting regeneration of balsam fir, while warmer, dryer climates encouraged shade-intolerant, broadleaf species (birches, red maple and poplars), especially following clear-cutting.Given the strong influence of climate, we used our fitted model to predict the impact of late 21st century climate change on early succession using the “business-as-usual” RCP 8.5 radiative forcing scenario. Our results indicate climate change is likely to increase the regeneration of shade-intolerant, broadleaf tree species (e.g., red maple and poplars) across the landscape at the loss of cold-adapted balsam fir, supporting the hypothesis that young, post-harvest stands are vulnerable to climate-driven shifts in composition as postulated by ‘resilience theory’, and corroborating previous simulation studies that predict rapid 21st century climate warming will lead to ‘deborealization’ of Canada’s Acadian Forest Region.
    Keywords Abies balsamea ; Acer rubrum ; Acer saccharum subsp. saccharum ; artificial intelligence ; Betula ; broadleaved trees ; climate ; drainage ; forest inventory ; forest stands ; forest succession ; foresters ; forests ; global warming ; harvesting ; landscapes ; models ; overstory ; Picea mariana ; Populus ; prediction ; radiative forcing ; shade tolerance ; sustainable forestry ; Canada
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0401
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117926
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  8. Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Tree diversity increases decadal forest soil carbon and nitrogen accrual.

    Chen, Xinli / Taylor, Anthony R / Reich, Peter B / Hisano, Masumi / Chen, Han Y H / Chang, Scott X

    Nature

    2023  Volume 620, Issue 7973, Page(s) E16

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-023-06458-x
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  9. Article ; Online: Tree diversity increases decadal forest soil carbon and nitrogen accrual.

    Chen, Xinli / Taylor, Anthony R / Reich, Peter B / Hisano, Masumi / Chen, Han Y H / Chang, Scott X

    Nature

    2023  Volume 618, Issue 7963, Page(s) 94–101

    Abstract: Increasing soil carbon and nitrogen storage can help mitigate climate change and sustain soil ... ...

    Abstract Increasing soil carbon and nitrogen storage can help mitigate climate change and sustain soil fertility
    MeSH term(s) Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Sequestration ; Forests ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Trees/classification ; Trees/metabolism ; Biodiversity
    Chemical Substances Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-023-05941-9
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  10. Article: Sequential droughts: A silent trigger of boreal forest mortality

    Sánchez‐Pinillos, Martina / D’Orangeville, Loïc / Boulanger, Yan / Comeau, Phil / Wang, Jiejie / Taylor, Anthony R. / Kneeshaw, Daniel

    Global change biology. 2022 Jan., v. 28, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Despite great concern for drought‐driven forest mortality, the effects of frequent low‐intensity droughts have been largely overlooked in the boreal forest because of their negligible impacts over the short term. In this study, we used data from 6876 ... ...

    Abstract Despite great concern for drought‐driven forest mortality, the effects of frequent low‐intensity droughts have been largely overlooked in the boreal forest because of their negligible impacts over the short term. In this study, we used data from 6876 permanent plots distributed across most of the Canadian boreal zone to assess the effects of repeated low‐intensity droughts on forest mortality. Specifically, we compared the relative impact of sequential years under low‐intensity dry conditions with the effects of variables related to the intensity of dry conditions, stand characteristics, and local climate. Then, we searched for thresholds in forest mortality as a function of the number of years between two forest surveys affected by dry conditions of any intensity. Our results showed that, in general, frequent low‐intensity dry conditions had stronger effects on forest mortality than the intensity of the driest conditions in the plot. Frequent low‐intensity dry conditions acted as an inciting factor of forest mortality exacerbated by stand characteristics and environmental conditions. Overall, the mortality of forests dominated by shade‐tolerant conifers was significantly and positively related to frequent low‐intensity dry conditions, supporting, in some cases, the existence of thresholds delimiting contrasting responses to drought. In mixtures with broadleaf species, however, sequential dry conditions had a negligible impact. The effects of frequent dry conditions on shade‐intolerant forests mainly depended on local climate, inciting or mitigating the mortality of forests located in wet places and dominated by broadleaf species or jack pine, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of assessing not only climate‐driven extreme events but also repeated disturbances of low intensity. In the long term, the smooth response of forests to dry conditions might abruptly change leading to disproportional mortality triggered by accumulated stress conditions. Forest and wildlife managers should consider the cumulative effects of climate change on mortality to avoid shortfalls in timber and habitat.
    Keywords Pinus banksiana ; boreal forests ; climate ; climate change ; drought ; habitats ; mortality ; shade tolerance ; wildlife
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Size p. 542-556.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1281439-8
    ISSN 1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
    ISSN (online) 1365-2486
    ISSN 1354-1013
    DOI 10.1111/gcb.15913
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