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Article ; Online: Assessment of Protein Quality and Digestibility in Plant-Based Meat Analogues.

Cutroneo, Sara / Prandi, Barbara / Pellegrini, Nicoletta / Sforza, Stefano / Tedeschi, Tullia

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2024 Volume 72, Issue 14, Page(s) 8114–8125

Abstract: In this first work, commercial steak-like ( ...

Abstract	In this first work, commercial steak-like (
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Meat Substitutes ; Digestion ; Meat/analysis ; Proteins ; Amino Acids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Proteins ; Amino Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08956
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Article ; Online: Label-Free Quantification by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry of the Kunitz Inhibitor of Trypsin KTI3 in Soy Products.

Prandi, Barbara / Vacca, Chiara / Sforza, Stefano / Tedeschi, Tullia

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2023 Volume 71, Issue 22, Page(s) 8648–8655

Abstract: The greater awareness of consumers regarding the sustainability of food chains has shifted part of the consumption from animal protein sources to vegetable sources. Among these, of relevance both for human food use and for animal feed, is soy. However, ... ...

Abstract	The greater awareness of consumers regarding the sustainability of food chains has shifted part of the consumption from animal protein sources to vegetable sources. Among these, of relevance both for human food use and for animal feed, is soy. However, its high protein content is unfortunately accompanied by the presence of antinutritional factors, including Kunitz's trypsin inhibitor (KTI). Now there are few analytical methods available for its direct quantification, as the inhibitory activity against trypsin is generically measured, which however can be given by many other molecules and undergo numerous interferences. Therefore, in this work, a direct label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the identification and quantification of trypsin Kunitz inhibitor KTI3 in soybean and derivative products has been developed. The method is based on the identification and quantification of a marker peptide, specific for the protein of interest. Quantification is achieved with an external calibration curve in the matrix, and the limit of detection and the limit of quantification of the method are 0.75 and 2.51 μg/g, respectively. The results of the LC-MS method were also compared with trypsin inhibition measured spectrophotometrically, highlighting the complementarity of these two different pieces of information.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean ; Trypsin ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Trypsin Inhibitors ; Chromatography, Liquid
Chemical Substances	Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean (9088-41-9) ; Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) ; Trypsin Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01173
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Article ; Online: Short Term Effect of Pre-Operative Anti-VEGF on Angiogenic and Fibrotic Profile of Fibrovascular Membranes of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Fadakar, Kaveh / Rahmani, Safa / Tedeschi, Thomas / Lavine, Jeremy A / Fawzi, Amani A

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

2024 Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 37

Abstract: Purpose: Adjuvant, pre-operative intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have been used to reduce peri-operative bleeding in eyes undergoing pars-plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Adjuvant, pre-operative intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have been used to reduce peri-operative bleeding in eyes undergoing pars-plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). To address the concern over their potential off-target effects of progressive fibrous contraction, we sought to dissect the transcriptional changes in the surgically extracted fibrovascular membranes (FVMs). Methods: We analyzed surgically extracted FVMs from 10 eyes: 4 eyes pretreated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and 6 untreated eyes. FVMs were digested into single cells, mRNA was extracted from endothelial cell-enriched (microbead selection with CD31) and non-endothelial cell compartments, followed by RT-qPCR quantification. We then compared the relative expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, endothelial cell integrity, and myofibroblastic processes between treated and untreated FVMs. Results: Endothelial cells from IVB pretreated FVMs showed significant reduction of VEGFA, VEGF receptors (FLT1 and KDR), and angiopoietin 2 expression as well as increased vascular endothelial cadherin and endothelin, suggesting reduced angiogenesis and enhanced vascular integrity. The non-endothelial cell fraction showed decreased expression of VEGFA and fibronectin, without significant difference in the expression of other profibrotic factors. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that adjuvant pre-operative IVB decreased fibronectin and increase endothelin-1 expression without affecting other profibrotic gene expression, uncovering an important interaction between IVB and endothelin-1 that deserves further study.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism ; Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy ; Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics ; Bevacizumab/therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab/pharmacology ; Intravitreal Injections ; Fibrosis ; Vitrectomy ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Retinal Neovascularization/metabolism ; Retinal Neovascularization/drug therapy ; Aged ; Preoperative Care ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Bevacizumab (2S9ZZM9Q9V) ; RNA, Messenger ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391794-0
ISSN	1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
ISSN (online)	1552-5783
ISSN	0146-0404
DOI	10.1167/iovs.65.4.37
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Article ; Online: Molecular characterization and allergenicity assessment of different samples of Mung Bean.

Calcinai, Luisa / Prandi, Barbara / Faccini, Andrea / Puxeddu, Ilaria / Tedeschi, Tullia

Food chemistry: X

2023 Volume 20, Page(s) 100980

Abstract: Legumes represent a promising nutritional alternative source of proteins to meat and dairy products. Additionally, Novel Foods (Regulation EU 2015/2283) can help meet the rising protein demand. However, despite their benefits, emerging allergenicity ... ...

Abstract	Legumes represent a promising nutritional alternative source of proteins to meat and dairy products. Additionally, Novel Foods (Regulation EU 2015/2283) can help meet the rising protein demand. However, despite their benefits, emerging allergenicity risks must be considered. The aim of this work is the molecular characterization of the Novel Food Mung bean protein isolate for allergenicity prediction with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry analysis. The assessment of the allergenicity was evaluated in silico by comparing protein sequences of the Novel Food with other known legume allergens, using bioinformatic databases. The results highlighted similarity higher than 60 % of the protein structure of Mung bean with two known allergens of soybean and pea. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis effects on allergenic potential was evaluated by immunoblotting analysis using sera of patients allergic to legumes. The protein hydrolysates obtained showed a high nutritional quality and a reduced allergenic potential, making them suitable for hypoallergenic food formulations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-1575
ISSN (online)	2590-1575
DOI	10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100980
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of in vitro whey protein digestibility in a protein-catechins model system mimicking milk chocolate: Interaction with flavonoids does not hinder protein bioaccessibility.

Accardo, Francesca / Prandi, Barbara / Terenziani, Francesca / Tedeschi, Tullia / Sforza, Stefano

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)

2023 Volume 169, Page(s) 112888

Abstract: Flavonoids are largely present in plant food such as cocoa and derived products. These compounds can interact with proteins inherently contained in the food matrix and/or the proteolytic enzymes involved in gastrointestinal digestion. The flavonoid/ ... ...

Abstract	Flavonoids are largely present in plant food such as cocoa and derived products. These compounds can interact with proteins inherently contained in the food matrix and/or the proteolytic enzymes involved in gastrointestinal digestion. The flavonoid/protein interaction might hamper protein bioaccessibility and digestibility, affecting the nutritional quality. However, information on the digestion fate of proteins in food matrices containing both proteins and flavonoids is limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction between proteins and flavonoids and verify the potential effects of this interaction on protein digestibility. Taking milk chocolate as model, first a simple whey proteins/catechins mixed system was evaluated, and then the effects on digestibility were also verified in a real sample of commercial milk chocolate. The effects of the catechins/whey proteins interaction in the model system were evaluated by optical and chiro-optical spectroscopy, outlining a slight protein structure modification upon interaction with catechins. The digestibility of the protein fraction both in the model system, with and without catechins, and also in milk chocolate, was then determined by the application of INFOGEST in vitro digestion method: the bioaccessibility was evaluated in terms of protein hydrolysis and protein solubilisation, and major peptides generated by the digestion were also determined by LC/HR-MS. Despite the slight interaction with proteins, flavonoids were found to not hinder nor modify protein solubilization, protein hydrolysis and peptide profile by digestive enzymes. Also protein digestibility in milk chocolate, evaluated by SDS-PAGE, was found to be complete. The present data clearly indicate that the interaction of the proteins with the flavonoids present in the cocoa matrix does not to affect protein bioaccessibility during digestion.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Catechin/analysis ; Whey Proteins/metabolism ; Chocolate ; Milk/chemistry ; Cacao/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Flavonoids ; Catechin (8R1V1STN48) ; Whey Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1111695-x
ISSN	1873-7145 ; 0963-9969
ISSN (online)	1873-7145
ISSN	0963-9969
DOI	10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112888
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Article ; Online: The amino acid profile of Camelina sativa seeds correlates with the strongest immune response in dairy ewes.

Christodoulou, C / Mavrommatis, A / Simoni, M / Righi, F / Prandi, B / Tedeschi, T / Sforza, S / Tsiplakou, E

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience

2022 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 100621

Abstract: Camelina sativa is an alternative protein source (with a specific amino acid profile) rich also in bioactive compounds (such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants), which have immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to assess the impact ... ...

Abstract	Camelina sativa is an alternative protein source (with a specific amino acid profile) rich also in bioactive compounds (such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants), which have immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to assess the impact of the dietary inclusion level of Camelina seeds, on the expression levels of key genes involved in ewes' innate immunity. Forty-eight dairy ewes were assigned into four homogenous groups of 12 animals that were fed individually with alfalfa hay, wheat straw, and concentrate. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no Camelina seeds, while in the treated groups, Camelina seeds (CSs) were incorporated at 6 (CS6), 11 (CS11), and 16% (CS16) in the concentrates, respectively, as partial substitution of both soybean meal and maize grain. The relative transcript levels of the immune-related genes were determined using a real-time PCR platform. The relative transcript levels of toll-interleukin receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3, Interferon regulatory factor 5, and Mitogen-activated protein kinase were upregulated in monocytes of the CS11-fed ewes. Furthermore, in the CS6-fed ewes, the relative transcript levels of Interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) were upregulated in monocytes compared to the CON, while those of IL1B, Interleukin-8, and Interleukin-10 were upregulated in neutrophils compared to the CON and the CS11-fed ewes. The highest inclusion level of CS (CS16) did not have a negative impact on ewes' innate immunity. The response of monocytes on dietary amino acid (mainly threonine, tyrosine, serine, and lysine) changes related to Camelina inclusion is different from that of neutrophils. The observed responses need to be further investigated.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Brassicaceae ; Diet/veterinary ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; Interferon-beta ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-8 ; Lysine ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Seeds/chemistry ; Serine ; Sheep ; Threonine ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins ; Tyrosine
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-8 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Threonine (2ZD004190S) ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Serine (452VLY9402) ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2257920-5
ISSN	1751-732X ; 1751-7311
ISSN (online)	1751-732X
ISSN	1751-7311
DOI	10.1016/j.animal.2022.100621
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Article: Nutritional Quality of Meat Analogues: Results From the Food Labelling of Italian Products (FLIP) Project.

Cutroneo, Sara / Angelino, Donato / Tedeschi, Tullia / Pellegrini, Nicoletta / Martini, Daniela

Frontiers in nutrition

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 852831

Abstract: Nowadays, the interest in meat substitutes is increasing, and consumers perceive their nutritional quality better than that of the animal products they intend to resemble. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the overall nutritional quality of these ...

Abstract	Nowadays, the interest in meat substitutes is increasing, and consumers perceive their nutritional quality better than that of the animal products they intend to resemble. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the overall nutritional quality of these new products. Regulated information [Regulation (EU) 1169/2011], the presence/absence of nutrition or health claim and organic declarations, the gluten-free indication, and the number of ingredients were collected from the food labels of 269 commercial meat analogues currently sold on the Italian market. Nutritional information of reference animal meat products was used to compare the nutrition profile. As an indicator of the nutritional quality, the Nutri-Score of meat analogues and counterparts was also determined. Plant-based steaks showed significantly higher protein, lower energy, fats and salt contents, and better Nutri-Scores than the other analogues. All the meat analogues showed a higher fibre content than meat products, while plant-based burgers and meatballs had lower protein contents than meat counterparts. Ready-sliced meat analogues showed a lower salt content than cured meats. Overall, all these plant-based products showed a longer list of ingredients than animal meat products. Results from this survey highlighted that plant-based steaks, cutlets, and cured meats have some favourable nutritional aspects compared to animal-based products. However, they cannot be considered a "
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2022.852831
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Article ; Online: Limited hyperoxia-induced proliferative retinopathy: A model of persistent retinal vascular dysfunction, preretinal fibrosis and hyaloidal vascular reprogramming for retinal rescue.

Tedeschi, Thomas / Lee, Kendal / Zhu, Wei / Fawzi, Amani A

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0267576

Abstract: Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains the leading cause for blindness in children. Limited hyperoxia induced proliferative retinopathy (L-HIPR) was recently introduced as a potential animal model for ROP and persistent fetal vasculature; ... ...

Abstract	Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains the leading cause for blindness in children. Limited hyperoxia induced proliferative retinopathy (L-HIPR) was recently introduced as a potential animal model for ROP and persistent fetal vasculature; however, the detailed pathological changes remain unclear. Methods: To model L-HIPR, we placed C57BL/6J mice in 65% oxygen from birth to post-natal day 7 (P7). We examined eyes at intervals between P12 and P30. Retinal morphometry, thickness, and preretinal fibrosis were quantified at different time points on histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome, respectively. Vascular development, angiogenesis, inflammation, and pericyte coverage were analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining in retinal flat mounts and cross sections. Results: In L-HIPR, the hyaloidal vessels persisted until the latest time point in this study, P30 and began to invaginate the peripheral then central retina starting at P12. Central retinal distortion was noted beginning at P17, while the peripheral retina demonstrated a trend of thinning from P12 to P30. We found that L-HIPR was associated with delayed and abnormal retinal vascular development with subsequent retinal inflammation, pericyte loss and preretinal fibrosis. Conclusion: Our study presents a detailed analysis of the L-HIPR animal model demonstrating vitreoretinal pathologic changes, preretinal fibrosis and persistent hyaloidal vessels into adulthood. Based on our findings, we suggest that the persistence and peculiar stepwise migration of the hyaloidal vessels into the retina may provide a potential rescue mechanism for inner retinal development that deserves further study.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epiretinal Membrane/pathology ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hyperoxia/complications ; Hyperoxia/pathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Retina/pathology ; Retinal Neovascularization/etiology ; Retinal Neovascularization/pathology ; Retinal Vessels/pathology ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/etiology ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/pathology ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0267576
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Article ; Online: Structural and chemical changes induced by temperature and pH hinder the digestibility of whey proteins.

Accardo, Francesca / Leni, Giulia / Tedeschi, Tullia / Prandi, Barbara / Sforza, Stefano

Food chemistry

2022 Volume 387, Page(s) 132884

Abstract: In the food and feed industry, protein extraction is commonly performed under acid or basic conditions, combined with heat, in order to increase the extraction yield. Under severe processing conditions, proteins may undergo molecular modifications. Here, ...

Abstract	In the food and feed industry, protein extraction is commonly performed under acid or basic conditions, combined with heat, in order to increase the extraction yield. Under severe processing conditions, proteins may undergo molecular modifications. Here, the effects of heating (30, 60, 90 °C) at different pH values (2, 7, 9, 11, 13) were evaluated on commercial whey proteins, used as a simplified protein model. The main structure and chemical modifications concerning protein aggregation, hydrolysis, insolubilization, amino acid degradation and racemization were investigated in detail. Using in vitro static models, the degree of protein hydrolysis and the released peptides were determined after the digestive process. Accumulation of molecular modifications was mostly observed after basic pH and high temperatures treatments, together with a marked decrease and modification of the digestibility profile. Instead, protein digestibility increased in neutral and acidic conditions in a temperature-dependent manner, even if some modification in the structure occurs.
MeSH term(s)	Digestion ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Temperature ; Whey Proteins/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Whey Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132884
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Article ; Online: Molecular Characterization of the Allergenic Arginine Kinase from the Edible Insect Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly).

Delfino, Danila / Prandi, Barbara / Calcinai, Luisa / Ridolo, Erminia / Dellafiora, Luca / Pedroni, Lorenzo / Nicoletta, Francesca / Cavazzini, Davide / Tedeschi, Tullia / Folli, Claudia

Molecular nutrition & food research

2024 , Page(s) e2300911

Abstract: Scope: Arginine kinase (AK) is an important enzyme for energy metabolism of invertebrate cells by participating in the maintenance of constant levels of ATP. However, AK is also recognized as a major allergen in insects and crustaceans capable of cross- ... ...

Abstract	Scope: Arginine kinase (AK) is an important enzyme for energy metabolism of invertebrate cells by participating in the maintenance of constant levels of ATP. However, AK is also recognized as a major allergen in insects and crustaceans capable of cross-reactivity with sera of patients sensitized to orthologous proteins. In the perspective of introducing insects or their derivatives in the human diet in Western world, it is of primary importance to evaluate possible risks for allergic consumers. Methods and results: This work reports the identification and characterization of AK from Hermetia illucens commonly known as the black soldier fly, a promising insect for human consumption. To evaluate allergenicity of AK from H. illucens, putative linear and conformational epitopes are identified by bioinformatics analyses, and Dot-Blot assays are carried out by using sera of patients allergic to shrimp or mites to validate the cross-reactivity. Gastrointestinal digestion reduces significantly the linear epitopes resulting in lower allergenicity, while the secondary structure is altered at increasing temperatures supporting the possible loss or reduction of conformational epitopes. Conclusion: The results indicate that the possible allergenicity of AK should be taken in consideration when dealing with novel foods containing H. illucens or its derivatives.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2160372-8
ISSN	1613-4133 ; 1613-4125
ISSN (online)	1613-4133
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.202300911
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