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  1. Article: Progressivity and redistributive effects of income taxes: evidence from India.

    Datt, Gaurav / Ray, Ranjan / Teh, Christopher

    Empirical economics

    2021  Volume 63, Issue 1, Page(s) 141–178

    Abstract: We analyse the progressivity and redistributive effects of India's income tax system utilizing Income Tax Department data for 2011-18. By fitting Lorenz and tax concentration curves to these data, we find that despite exhibiting high levels of ... ...

    Abstract We analyse the progressivity and redistributive effects of India's income tax system utilizing Income Tax Department data for 2011-18. By fitting Lorenz and tax concentration curves to these data, we find that despite exhibiting high levels of progressivity, the redistributive effects of income taxes remain modest amongst tax assessees and miniscule within the adult population. We also find that plugging the gap between statutory and actual average tax rates will do little to improve redistributive effects, and lowering income thresholds for top marginal tax rates offers greater redistributive and revenue potential than reducing exemption limits or increasing top marginal tax rates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-23
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1462176-9
    ISSN 1435-8921 ; 0377-7332
    ISSN (online) 1435-8921
    ISSN 0377-7332
    DOI 10.1007/s00181-021-02144-x
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  2. Article ; Online: Prognostic and predictive impact of MGMT promoter methylation status in high risk grade II glioma.

    Haque, Waqar / Teh, Caitlyn / Butler, E Brian / Teh, Bin S

    Journal of neuro-oncology

    2022  Volume 157, Issue 1, Page(s) 137–146

    Abstract: Background: MGMT promoter methylation has been associated with favorable prognosis and survival outcomes in patients with glioblastoma and WHO grade III glioma. However, the effects of promoter methylation of MGMT in patients with WHO grade II gliomas ... ...

    Abstract Background: MGMT promoter methylation has been associated with favorable prognosis and survival outcomes in patients with glioblastoma and WHO grade III glioma. However, the effects of promoter methylation of MGMT in patients with WHO grade II gliomas have not been established. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the prognostic impact and predictive values of MGMT methylation in patients with grade II glioma.
    Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried (2004-2016) for patients with newly diagnosed grade II glioma. Demographics and clinical characteristics of these patients were examined. Statistics included Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) analysis alongside Cox proportional hazards modeling.
    Results: A total of 11,223 patients met the selection criteria; 1252 patients (11%) had MGMT testing. Of the patients who had MGMT testing, 58.5% were MGMT methylated (mMGMT), and 43.5% were MGMT unmethylated (uMGMT). mMGMT patients had greater median overall survival (77.3 months) than both uMGMT patients (42.6 months) and patients with no MGMT status reported (61.9 months (p < 0.001 for both). mMGMT was also associated with improved OS, when compared to patients with uMGMT, for patients receiving adjuvant chemoradiation or adjuvant radiation therapy.
    Conclusions: This is the largest study to date demonstrating both the prognostic and predictive impact of MGMT methylation on patients with grade II glioma. The current results show that mMGMT is a prognostic factor and possibly a predictive biomarker for grade II glioma patients. MGMT methylation status can be used to determine and stratify patients by risk levels, and thus select patients for treatment intensification.
    Importance of study: The present study is the largest to date examining the prognostic and predictive significance of MGMT methylation (mMGMT) in patients with WHO grade II glioma. The results suggest that mMGMT is prognostic with increasing overall survival rates for patients with mMGMT compared to uMGMT patients. The results also suggest that mMGMT is predictive as shown by improved overall survival in patients receiving gross total resection, adjuvant chemoradiation or adjuvant radiation therapy, but no difference was observed in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or no adjuvant treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/therapy ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Modification Methylases/genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics ; Glioblastoma/therapy ; Glioma/genetics ; Glioma/therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; DNA Modification Methylases (EC 2.1.1.-) ; MGMT protein, human (EC 2.1.1.63) ; DNA Repair Enzymes (EC 6.5.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604875-4
    ISSN 1573-7373 ; 0167-594X
    ISSN (online) 1573-7373
    ISSN 0167-594X
    DOI 10.1007/s11060-022-03955-3
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  3. Article ; Online: Selective pks+ Escherichia coli strains induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cell line.

    Zulpa, A K / Barathan, M / Iyadorai, T / Mariappan, V / Vadivelu, J / Teh, C S J / Vellasamy, K M

    World journal of microbiology & biotechnology

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 12, Page(s) 333

    Abstract: pks+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) triggers genomic instability in normal colon cells which leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Previously, we reported a significant presentation of pks+ E. coli strains in CRC patients' biopsies as compared to ... ...

    Abstract pks+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) triggers genomic instability in normal colon cells which leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis. Previously, we reported a significant presentation of pks+ E. coli strains in CRC patients' biopsies as compared to healthy cohorts. In this work, using an in vitro infection model, we further explored the ability of these strains in modulating cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptotic mediators in both primary colon epithelial cells (PCE) and CRC cells (HCT-116). Sixteen strains, of which eight tumours and the matching non-malignant tissues, respectively, from eight pks+ E. coli CRC patients were subjected to BrDU staining and cell cycle analysis via flow cytometry, while a subset of these strains underwent analysis of apoptotic mediators including caspase proteins, cellular reactive oxygen species (cROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) via spectrophotometry as well as proinflammatory cytokines via flow cytometry. Data revealed that all strains exerted S-phase cell cycle blockade in both cells and G2/M phase in PCE cells only. Moreover, more significant upregulation of Caspase 9, cROS, proinflammatory cytokines and prominent downregulation of MMP were detected in HCT-116 cells indicating the potential role of pks related bacterial toxin as anticancer agent as compared to PCE cells which undergo cellular senescence leading to cell death without apparent upregulation of apoptotic mediators. These findings suggest the existence of discrepancies underlying the mechanism of action of pks+ E. coli on both cancer and normal cell lines. This work propounds the rationale to further understand the mechanism underlying pks+ E. coli-mediated CRC tumorigenesis and cancer killing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Colonic Neoplasms/microbiology ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Apoptosis ; Carcinogenesis ; Cytokines ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Cycle
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1499109-3
    ISSN 1573-0972 ; 0959-3993
    ISSN (online) 1573-0972
    ISSN 0959-3993
    DOI 10.1007/s11274-023-03767-1
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  4. Article ; Online: Reliability and Validity of the Modified 7-Day Lee Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Symptom Scale.

    Teh, Christopher / Onstad, Lynn / Lee, Stephanie J

    Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

    2019  Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 562–567

    Abstract: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) adversely affects patient quality of life, functional status, and survival after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The Lee Symptom Scale is a 30-item scale developed to measure the symptoms of cGVHD. ... ...

    Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) adversely affects patient quality of life, functional status, and survival after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The Lee Symptom Scale is a 30-item scale developed to measure the symptoms of cGVHD. Although the original 30-item scale uses a 1-month recall period, we tested the reliability and validity of a 28-item scale (deleting 2 items based on supportive care needs rather than symptoms) with a 7-day recall period, a format that is more appropriate for use in clinical trials. Results show the modified 7-day scale is reliable and valid in the modern era and may be used to assess the symptom burden of cGVHD in clinical trials. Using the distribution method, a 5- to 6-point difference (half a standard deviation) is considered clinically meaningful.
    MeSH term(s) Chronic Disease ; Graft vs Host Disease/diagnosis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1474865-4
    ISSN 1523-6536 ; 1083-8791
    ISSN (online) 1523-6536
    ISSN 1083-8791
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.11.020
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    Zs.MO 462: Show issues

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  5. Article: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Sarawak General Hospital.

    Wan, S A / Teh, C L / Cheong, Y K / Jobli, A T

    The Medical journal of Malaysia

    2020  Volume 75, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–145

    Abstract: Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic inflammatory disorder characterised by symmetrical polyarthritis which leads to damage of joints if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment of RA to achieve tight control of the disease ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic inflammatory disorder characterised by symmetrical polyarthritis which leads to damage of joints if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment of RA to achieve tight control of the disease will improve outcome and prevent disability.
    Objective: We aimed to examine the delays in the diagnosis of RA in patients presenting to the Rheumatology Unit, Sarawak General Hospital (SGH).
    Methods: Data on demographics and various delays were collected from the medical records from January 2015 until March 2018. Patient delay is defined as from the time onset of symptom to the first primary care presentation. Primary care delay is defined as from the first primary care presentation to referral to rheumatology. Rheumatology delay is defined as from rheumatology referral to appointment at the rheumatology clinic. Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS) delay is defined as from the rheumatology clinic appointment to starting DMARDS. Total delay is from symptom onset to starting DMARDS.
    Results: There were 84 new patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, out of which 66 were females (78.6%). The mean age was 54.1±12.0 years. Only 19 patients (22.6%) were treated with DMARDS within 12 weeks of symptom onset. The median time for patient delay was four weeks (Interquartile range (IQR) 2-20 weeks), while the median time primary care delay was 11 weeks (IQR 4-24 weeks). The median time for rheumatology delay was zero weeks (IQR 0- 1 week) and the DMARDS delay was zero week (IQR 0). The median time from symptom onset to DMARDS initiation was 23.5 weeks (IQR 13.25-51 weeks).
    Conclusion: The delays in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis were mainly from the patient and primary care.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Female ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-11
    Publishing country Malaysia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604286-7
    ISSN 0300-5283
    ISSN 0300-5283
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    Zs.A 1206: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Transcanal endoscopic excision of glomus tympanicum: A case report.

    Teh, C S / Azrina, A / Fadzilah, I / Prepageran, N

    The Medical journal of Malaysia

    2020  Volume 75, Issue 2, Page(s) 189–190

    Abstract: Glomus tympanicum is a highly vascular tumour traditionally treated surgically via a post-auricular approach. We present here the first published case in Malaysia where total excision was achieved transcanal endoscopically. The procedure was safe, quick ... ...

    Abstract Glomus tympanicum is a highly vascular tumour traditionally treated surgically via a post-auricular approach. We present here the first published case in Malaysia where total excision was achieved transcanal endoscopically. The procedure was safe, quick and effective due to the better visualisation of the surgical field with the endoscope. Haemostasis was achieved with a modified suction catheter that performed as a functioning suction diathermy.
    MeSH term(s) Ear, Middle/physiopathology ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Glomus Tympanicum/surgery ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-11
    Publishing country Malaysia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604286-7
    ISSN 0300-5283
    ISSN 0300-5283
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  7. Article ; Online: Cancer-Cell-Activated in situ Synthesis of Mitochondria-Targeting AIE Photosensitizer for Precise Photodynamic Therapy.

    Wang, Yuanbo / Xu, Shidang / Shi, Leilei / Teh, Cathleen / Qi, Guobin / Liu, Bin

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2021  Volume 60, Issue 27, Page(s) 14945–14953

    Abstract: Maximization of phototoxic damage on tumor with minimized side effect on normal tissue is essential for effective anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). This requires highly cancer-cell-specific or even cancer-cell-organelle-specific synthesis or ... ...

    Abstract Maximization of phototoxic damage on tumor with minimized side effect on normal tissue is essential for effective anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). This requires highly cancer-cell-specific or even cancer-cell-organelle-specific synthesis or delivery of efficient photosensitizers (PSs) in vitro and in vivo, which is difficult to achieve. Herein, we report a strategy of cancer-cell-activated PS synthesis, by which an efficient mitochondria-targeting photosensitizer with aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) feature can be selectively synthesized as an efficient image-guided PDT agent inside cancer cells. MOF-199, a Cu
    MeSH term(s) 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Coordination Complexes/chemical synthesis ; Coordination Complexes/chemistry ; Coordination Complexes/pharmacology ; Copper/chemistry ; Copper/pharmacology ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitochondria/drug effects ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Photochemotherapy ; Photosensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis ; Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Coordination Complexes ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Copper (789U1901C5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-31
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.202017350
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  8. Article ; Online: Severe infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: disease pattern and predictors of infection-related mortality.

    Teh, C L / Wan, S A / Ling, G R

    Clinical rheumatology

    2018  Volume 37, Issue 8, Page(s) 2081–2086

    Abstract: Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To describe the pattern of serious infections in patients with SLE and to identify the predictors of infection-related mortality among SLE ... ...

    Abstract Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To describe the pattern of serious infections in patients with SLE and to identify the predictors of infection-related mortality among SLE patients with serious infections, we prospectively studied all SLE patients who were hospitalized with infections in Sarawak General Hospital during 2011-2015. Demographic data, clinical features, and outcomes were collected. Cox regression analysis was carried out to determine the independent predictors of infection-related mortality. There were a total of 125 patients with 187 episodes of serious infections. Our patients were of multiethnic origins with female predominance (89.6%). Their mean age was 33.4 ± 14.2 years. The patients had a mean disease duration of 66.8 ± 74.0 months. The most common site of infection was pulmonary (37.9%), followed by septicemia (22.5%). Gram-negative organisms (38.2%) were the predominant isolates within the cohort. There were 21 deaths (11.2%) during the study period. Independent predictors of infection-related mortality among our cohort of SLE patients were flare of SLE (HR 3.98, CI 1.30-12.21) and the presence of bacteremia (HR 2.54, CI 0.98-6.59). Hydroxychloroquine was protective of mortality from serious infections (HR 9.26, CI 3.40-25.64). Pneumonia and Gram-negative organisms were the predominant pattern of infection in our SLE cohort. The presence of flare of SLE and bacteremia were independent prognostic predictors of infection-related mortality, whereas hydroxychloroquine was protective of infection-related mortality among SLE patients with serious infections.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Bacterial Infections/mortality ; Candidiasis/epidemiology ; Candidiasis/microbiology ; Candidiasis/mortality ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Female ; Herpes Zoster/epidemiology ; Herpes Zoster/mortality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/mortality ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Hydroxychloroquine (4QWG6N8QKH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604755-5
    ISSN 1434-9949 ; 0770-3198
    ISSN (online) 1434-9949
    ISSN 0770-3198
    DOI 10.1007/s10067-018-4102-6
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    Zs.A 1740: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Imported case ofLeishmania tropica cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 10-year-old child in Malaysia.

    Tan, T K / Yap, N J / Leong, K F / Teh, C S / Tay, S T / Lim, Y A L

    Tropical biomedicine

    2022  Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 86–88

    Abstract: The present paper reported a first imported case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 10-year- old child who returned from Saudi Arabia to Malaysia. Six weeks after his travel to Malaysia, two erythematous dermal nodules were developed over his right cheek ... ...

    Abstract The present paper reported a first imported case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a 10-year- old child who returned from Saudi Arabia to Malaysia. Six weeks after his travel to Malaysia, two erythematous dermal nodules were developed over his right cheek and chin. Occurrence of intracellular amastigote of Leishmania was observed through examination of skin biopsy with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Furthermore, molecular analysis of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of Leishmania spp. confirmed the child was infected with Leishmania tropica. The child was given oral fluconazole and he had a 80% recovery before he went back to Saudi Arabia.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Leishmania tropica/genetics ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/diagnosis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy ; Malaysia ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-04
    Publishing country Malaysia
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1068371-9
    ISSN 2521-9855 ; 0127-5720
    ISSN (online) 2521-9855
    ISSN 0127-5720
    DOI 10.47665/tb.39.1.017
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  10. Article: Treat-to-target (T2T) of serum urate (SUA) in gout: a clinical audit in real-world gout patients.

    Teh, C L / Cheong, Y K / Wan, S A / Ling, G R

    Reumatismo

    2019  Volume 71, Issue 3, Page(s) 154–159

    Abstract: Treat-to-target (T2T) for gout has been established recently to improve its management, which has been reported to be sub-optimal with significant gaps between the goals of treatment and day-to-day clinical practice. T2T recommended a goal of serum urate ...

    Abstract Treat-to-target (T2T) for gout has been established recently to improve its management, which has been reported to be sub-optimal with significant gaps between the goals of treatment and day-to-day clinical practice. T2T recommended a goal of serum urate (SUA) target of <360 μmoI/L in all patients with gout and <300 μmoI/L in patients with tophaceous or severe gout. T2T strategy was applied in the management of gout patients in two Rheumatology clinics from 1 January 2016 onwards. We performed a clinical audit to assess T2T of SUA in gout patients and to identify causes for failure to achieve target SUA among them. There were a total of 304 patients for our analysis. They were of multi-ethnic origin with male predominance (88.8%). They had a mean age of 57.7+13.7 years and mean disease duration of 10.1+8.7 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (76.2%), dyslipidemia (52.5%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (27.4%). Our patients' body mass indexes showed that 47.7% were obese while 34.2% were overweight. Up to 62.4% of our patients had tophi and 42.6% had joint deformities. Only 34.9% of patients achieved target SUA. Nonadherence (52.3%) was the main reason identified for failure to achieve target SUA. The independent predictors for failure to achieve target SUA were nonadherence (HR=7.84, p=0.000) and presence of tophi (HR=1.95, p=0.001).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gout/blood ; Gout/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Retrospective Studies ; Uric Acid/blood
    Chemical Substances Uric Acid (268B43MJ25)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-24
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 414816-2
    ISSN 2240-2683 ; 0048-7449
    ISSN (online) 2240-2683
    ISSN 0048-7449
    DOI 10.4081/reumatismo.2019.1225
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