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Article ; Online: Role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Teixeira, Lívia Cristina Ribeiro / Mamede, Izabela / Luizon, Marcelo Rizzatti / Gomes, Karina Braga

2024 Volume 51, Issue 1, Page(s) 270

Abstract: Dementia is the term used to describe a group of cognitive disorders characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities that interfere with daily life activities. Examples of dementia include Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Frontotemporal ... ...

Abstract	Dementia is the term used to describe a group of cognitive disorders characterized by a decline in memory, thinking, and reasoning abilities that interfere with daily life activities. Examples of dementia include Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Vascular dementia (VaD) and Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). AD is the most common form of dementia. The hallmark pathology of AD includes formation of β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers and tau hyperphosphorylation in the brain, which induces neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis. Emerging studies have associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with the pathogenesis and progression of the neurodegenerative diseases. LncRNAs are defined as RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that lack the ability to encode functional proteins. LncRNAs play crucial roles in numerous biological functions for their ability to interact with different molecules, such as proteins and microRNAs, and subsequently regulate the expression of their target genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this narrative review, we report the function and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs found to be deregulated in different types of dementia, with the focus on AD. Finally, we discuss the emerging role of lncRNAs as biomarkers of dementias.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Frontotemporal Dementia
Chemical Substances	RNA, Long Noncoding ; Amyloid beta-Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	186544-4
ISSN	1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
ISSN (online)	1573-4978
ISSN	0301-4851
DOI	10.1007/s11033-023-09178-7
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Interaction Between Pain Intensity and Resilience on the Impact of Pain in the Lives of People With Fibromyalgia.

Teixeira, Livia Agostinho / Vidal, Edison Iglesias de Oliveira / Blake, Holly / Barros, Guilherme Antonio Moreira de / Fukushima, Fernanda Bono

The Clinical journal of pain

2024 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 150–156

Abstract: Objective: Recent theoretical models posit that resilience acts as a resource/mechanism opposing pain catastrophizing and other vulnerability sources against pain adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Recent theoretical models posit that resilience acts as a resource/mechanism opposing pain catastrophizing and other vulnerability sources against pain adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience, pain, and functionality in people living with fibromyalgia (FM). Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of people participating in Brazilian fibromyalgia virtual support groups on Facebook in May 2018. Resilience was evaluated by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Average pain and the degree of interference of pain in the lives of participants (DIPLP) were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory. The association between these 3 variables was evaluated through multivariable robust linear regression with adjustment for 21 potential confounders. Results: We included 2176 participants with FM. Resilience was associated with a decreased DIPLP (β: -0.38, 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.22, P <0.001) but not with average pain scores (β: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.16, P =0.93). A significant interaction between resilience and average levels of pain on the DIPLP was observed so that resilience showed a much stronger protective association among participants with average null-to-mild pain than among those with moderate and severe pain levels. Discussion: Our results provide evidence against beliefs that the pain of people with FM is related to low psychological resilience and shed light on the complex interrelationships between resilience, pain, and functionality. This research signals both the relevance and limits of resilience in the management of FM. Future studies evaluating behavioral interventions for FM should consider how those interventions interact with baseline pain levels and resilience.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fibromyalgia/complications ; Fibromyalgia/psychology ; Resilience, Psychological ; Pain Measurement ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pain/complications ; Psychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632582-8
ISSN	1536-5409 ; 0749-8047
ISSN (online)	1536-5409
ISSN	0749-8047
DOI	10.1097/AJP.0000000000001178
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Article ; Online: miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid associated with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and pathway analysis using a data mining and machine learning approach.

Pereira, Jessica Diniz / Teixeira, Lívia Cristina Ribeiro / Mamede, Izabela / Alves, Michelle Teodoro / Caramelli, Paulo / Luizon, Marcelo Rizzatti / Veloso, Adriano Alonso / Gomes, Karina Braga

Journal of neurochemistry

2024

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type and accounts for 60%-70% of the reported cases of dementia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Although the diagnosis of AD is primarily ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type and accounts for 60%-70% of the reported cases of dementia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Although the diagnosis of AD is primarily clinical, several miRNAs have been associated with AD and considered as potential markers for diagnosis and progression of AD. We sought to match AD-related miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) found in the GeoDataSets, evaluated by machine learning, with miRNAs listed in a systematic review, and a pathway analysis. Using machine learning approaches, we identified most differentially expressed miRNAs in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which were validated by the systematic review, using the acronym PECO-Population (P): Patients with AD, Exposure (E): expression of miRNAs, Comparison (C): Healthy individuals, and Objective (O): miRNAs differentially expressed in CSF. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the main pathways involving at least four miRNAs selected. Four miRNAs were identified for differentiating between patients with and without AD in machine learning combined to systematic review, and followed the pathways analysis: miRNA-30a-3p, miRNA-193a-5p, miRNA-143-3p, miRNA-145-5p. The pathways epidermal growth factor, MAPK, TGF-beta and ATM-dependent DNA damage response, were regulated by these miRNAs, but only the MAPK pathway presented higher relevance after a randomic pathway analysis. These findings have the potential to assist in the development of diagnostic tests for AD using miRNAs as biomarkers, as well as provide understanding of the relationship between different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80158-6
ISSN	1471-4159 ; 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
ISSN (online)	1471-4159
ISSN	0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
DOI	10.1111/jnc.16060
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Article ; Online: Post-weaning social isolation modifies neonatal anoxia-induced changes in energy metabolism and growth of rats.

Cruz-Ochoa, Natalia Andrea / Motta-Teixeira, Lívia Clemente / Cruz-Ochoa, Pablo Felipe / Lopez-Paredes, Santiago / Ochoa-Amaya, Julieta Esperanza / Takada, Silvia Honda / Xavier, Gilberto Fernando / Nogueira, Maria Inês

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience

2024

Abstract: Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions ...

Abstract	Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia-induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h, and then perfused 30 min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post-fasting weight loss and post-fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the β-positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post-prandial weight loss of males, post-fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long-term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605533-3
ISSN	1873-474X ; 0736-5748
ISSN (online)	1873-474X
ISSN	0736-5748
DOI	10.1002/jdn.10327
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Article: The effects of melatonin daily supplementation to aged rats on the ability to withstand cold, thermoregulation and body weight

Mendes, Caroline / Gomes, Guilherme / Belpiede, Luciana Tocci / do Carmo Buonfiglio, Daniella / Motta-Teixeira, Lívia Clemente / Amaral, Fernanda Gaspar / Cipolla-Neto, José

Life sciences. 2021 Jan. 15, v. 265

2021

Abstract: Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production.Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle added to the water bottles during ... ...

Abstract	Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production.Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle added to the water bottles during the dark phase) and 2) melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg melatonin added to the water bottles during the dark phase). Before and after 16 weeks of vehicle or melatonin treatment, control group and melatonin-treated animals were acutely exposed to 18 °C for 2 h for an acute cold challenge and thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera. After 16 weeks, animals were euthanized and brown and beige adipocytes were collected for analysis of genes involved in the thermogenesis process by real-time PCR, and the uncoupling protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Browning intensity of beige adipocytes were quantified by staining with hematoxylin-eosin.Chronic melatonin supplementation induced a minor increase in body mass and increased the animal's thermogenic potential in the cold acute challenge. Brown and beige adipocytes acted in a coordinated and complementary way to ensure adequate heat production.Melatonin plays an important role in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, ensuring greater capacity to withstand cold and, also, participating in the regulation of energy balance.
Keywords	adipocytes ; body temperature ; body weight ; cameras ; cold ; energy balance ; heat production ; immunoblotting ; males ; melatonin ; protein synthesis ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; thermoregulation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0115
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118769
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Fat, fight, and beyond: The multiple roles of lipid droplets in infections and inflammation.

Pereira-Dutra, Filipe S / Teixeira, Livia / de Souza Costa, Maria Fernanda / Bozza, Patrícia T

Journal of leukocyte biology

2019 Volume 106, Issue 3, Page(s) 563–580

Abstract: Increased accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in host nonadipose cells is commonly observed in response to numerous infectious diseases, including bacterial, parasite, and fungal infections. LDs are lipid-enriched, dynamic organelles ... ...

Abstract	Increased accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in host nonadipose cells is commonly observed in response to numerous infectious diseases, including bacterial, parasite, and fungal infections. LDs are lipid-enriched, dynamic organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids associated with a diverse array of proteins that are cell and stimulus regulated. Far beyond being simply a deposit of neutral lipids, LDs have come to be seen as an essential platform for various cellular processes, including metabolic regulation, cell signaling, and the immune response. LD participation in the immune response occurs as sites for compartmentalization of several immunometabolic signaling pathways, production of inflammatory lipid mediators, and regulation of antigen presentation. Infection-driven LD biogenesis is a complexly regulated process that involves innate immune receptors, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, increased lipid uptake, and new lipid synthesis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that intracellular pathogens are able to exploit LDs as an energy source, a replication site, and/or a mechanism of immune response evasion. Nevertheless, LDs can also act in favor of the host as part of the immune and inflammatory response to pathogens. Here, we review recent findings that explored the new roles of LDs in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigen Presentation/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity ; Infections/immunology ; Infections/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Lipid Droplets/metabolism ; Models, Biological
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	605722-6
ISSN	1938-3673 ; 0741-5400
ISSN (online)	1938-3673
ISSN	0741-5400
DOI	10.1002/JLB.4MR0119-035R
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Article: Multilingual validation of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF).

Luna, Stelio P L / Trindade, Pedro H E / Monteiro, Beatriz P / Crosignani, Nadia / Della Rocca, Giorgia / Ruel, Helene L M / Yamashita, Kazuto / Kronen, Peter / Tseng, Chia Te / Teixeira, Lívia / Steagall, Paulo V

PeerJ

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) e13134

Abstract: Background: Pain is the leading cause of animal suffering, hence the importance of validated tools to ensure its appropriate evaluation and treatment. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale ...

Abstract	Background: Pain is the leading cause of animal suffering, hence the importance of validated tools to ensure its appropriate evaluation and treatment. We aimed to test the psychometric properties of the short form of the Unesp-Botucatu Feline Pain Scale (UFEPS-SF) in eight languages. Methods: The original scale was condensed from ten to four items. The content validation was performed by five specialists in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. The English version of the scale was translated and back-translated into Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish by fluent English and native speaker translators. Videos of the perioperative period of 30 cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy (preoperative, after surgery, after rescue analgesia and 24 h after surgery) were randomly evaluated twice (one-month interval) by one evaluator for each language unaware of the pain condition. After watching each video, the evaluators scored the unidimensional, UFEPS-SF and Glasgow composite multidimensional feline pain scales. Statistical analyses were carried out using R software for intra and interobserver reliability, principal component analysis, criteria concurrent and predictive validities, construct validity, item-total correlation, internal consistency, specificity, sensitivity, the definition of the intervention score for rescue analgesia and diagnostic uncertainty zone, according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: UFEPS-SF intra- and inter-observer reliability were ≥0.92 and 0.84, respectively, for all observers. According to the principal component analysis, UFEPS-SF is a unidimensional scale. Concurrent criterion validity was confirmed by the high correlation between UFEPS-SF and all other scales (≥0.9). The total score and all items of UFEPS-SF increased after surgery (pain), decreased to baseline after analgesia and were intermediate at 24 h after surgery (moderate pain), confirming responsiveness and construct validity. Item total correlation of each item (0.68-0.83) confirmed that the items contributed homogeneously to the total score. Internal consistency was excellent (≥0.9) for all items. Both specificity (baseline) and sensitivity (after surgery) based on the Youden index was 99% (97-100%). The suggestive cut-off score for the administration of analgesia according to the ROC curve was ≥4 out of 12. The diagnostic uncertainty zone ranged from 3 to 4. The area under the curve of 0.99 indicated excellent discriminatory capacity of UFEPS-SF. Conclusions: The UFEPS-SF and its items, assessed by experienced evaluators, demonstrated very good repeatability and reproducibility, content, criterion and construct validities, item-total correlation, internal consistency, excellent sensitivity and specificity and a cut-off point indicating the need for rescue analgesia in Chinese, French, English, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Animals ; Reproducibility of Results ; Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis ; Analgesia/veterinary ; Language ; Translating
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.13134
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Article ; Online: The effects of melatonin daily supplementation to aged rats on the ability to withstand cold, thermoregulation and body weight.

Mendes, Caroline / Gomes, Guilherme / Belpiede, Luciana Tocci / do Carmo Buonfiglio, Daniella / Motta-Teixeira, Lívia Clemente / Amaral, Fernanda Gaspar / Cipolla-Neto, José

Life sciences

2020 Volume 265, Page(s) 118769

Abstract: Aims: Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production.: Material and methods: Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Investigate the role of melatonin on the regulation of body temperature in aged animals that have impaired melatonin production. Material and methods: Aged Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control (vehicle added to the water bottles during the dark phase) and 2) melatonin-treated (10 mg/kg melatonin added to the water bottles during the dark phase). Before and after 16 weeks of vehicle or melatonin treatment, control group and melatonin-treated animals were acutely exposed to 18 °C for 2 h for an acute cold challenge and thermal images were obtained using an infrared camera. After 16 weeks, animals were euthanized and brown and beige adipocytes were collected for analysis of genes involved in the thermogenesis process by real-time PCR, and the uncoupling protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting. Browning intensity of beige adipocytes were quantified by staining with hematoxylin-eosin. Key findings: Chronic melatonin supplementation induced a minor increase in body mass and increased the animal's thermogenic potential in the cold acute challenge. Brown and beige adipocytes acted in a coordinated and complementary way to ensure adequate heat production. Significance: Melatonin plays an important role in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, ensuring greater capacity to withstand cold and, also, participating in the regulation of energy balance.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Cold Temperature/adverse effects ; Cold-Shock Response/drug effects ; Dietary Supplements ; Immunoblotting ; Male ; Melatonin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chemical Substances	Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118769
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Article: Lipid Droplet, a Key Player in Host-Parasite Interactions.

Vallochi, Adriana Lima / Teixeira, Livia / Oliveira, Karina da Silva / Maya-Monteiro, Clarissa Menezes / Bozza, Patricia T

Frontiers in immunology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 1022

Abstract: Lipid droplets (lipid bodies, LDs) are dynamic organelles that have important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and inflammation. LD biogenesis, composition, and functions are highly regulated ...

Abstract	Lipid droplets (lipid bodies, LDs) are dynamic organelles that have important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and inflammation. LD biogenesis, composition, and functions are highly regulated and may vary according to the stimuli, cell type, activation state, and inflammatory environment. Increased cytoplasmic LDs are frequently observed in leukocytes and other cells in a number of infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence reveals LDs participation in fundamental mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, including cell signaling and immunity. LDs are sources of eicosanoid production, and may participate in different aspects of innate signaling and antigen presentation. In addition, intracellular pathogens evolved mechanisms to subvert host metabolism and may use host LDs, as ways of immune evasion and nutrients source. Here, we review mechanisms of LDs biogenesis and their contributions to the infection progress, and discuss the latest discoveries on mechanisms and pathways involving LDs roles as regulators of the immune response to protozoan infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Homeostasis ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Lipid Droplets/immunology ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Infections/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology
Chemical Substances	Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2018.01022
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Article: Integrated NMR and MS Analysis of the Plasma Metabolome Reveals Major Changes in One-Carbon, Lipid, and Amino Acid Metabolism in Severe and Fatal Cases of COVID-19.

Gama-Almeida, Marcos C / Pinto, Gabriela D A / Teixeira, Lívia / Hottz, Eugenio D / Ivens, Paula / Ribeiro, Hygor / Garrett, Rafael / Torres, Alexandre G / Carneiro, Talita I A / Barbalho, Bianca de O / Ludwig, Christian / Struchiner, Claudio J / Assunção-Miranda, Iranaia / Valente, Ana Paula C / Bozza, Fernando A / Bozza, Patrícia T / Dos Santos, Gilson C / El-Bacha, Tatiana

Metabolites

2023 Volume 13, Issue 7

Abstract: Brazil has the second-highest COVID-19 death rate worldwide, and Rio de Janeiro is among the states with the highest rate in the country. Although vaccine coverage has been achieved, it is anticipated that COVID-19 will transition into an endemic disease. ...

Abstract	Brazil has the second-highest COVID-19 death rate worldwide, and Rio de Janeiro is among the states with the highest rate in the country. Although vaccine coverage has been achieved, it is anticipated that COVID-19 will transition into an endemic disease. It is concerning that the molecular mechanisms underlying clinical evolution from mild to severe disease, as well as the mechanisms leading to long COVID-19, are not yet fully understood. NMR and MS-based metabolomics were used to identify metabolites associated with COVID-19 pathophysiology and disease outcome. Severe COVID-19 cases (n = 35) were enrolled in two reference centers in Rio de Janeiro within 72 h of ICU admission, alongside 12 non-infected control subjects. COVID-19 patients were grouped into survivors (n = 18) and non-survivors (n = 17). Choline-related metabolites, serine, glycine, and betaine, were reduced in severe COVID-19, indicating dysregulation in methyl donors. Non-survivors had higher levels of creatine/creatinine, 4-hydroxyproline, gluconic acid, and
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662251-8
ISSN	2218-1989
ISSN	2218-1989
DOI	10.3390/metabo13070879
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