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  1. Article: Cerebral cysticercosis in a wild Bengal tiger

    Phuentshok, Yoenten / Choden, Kinley / Alvarez Rojas, Cristian A / Deplazes, Peter / Wangdi, Sonam / Gyeltshen, Kuenzang / Rinzin, Karma / Thapa, Nirmal Kumar / Tenzinla, Tenzinla / Dorjee, Dechen / Valitutto, Marc / Gilbert, Martin / Siriaroonrat, Boripat / Jairak, Waleemas / Piewbang, Chutchai / Sharma, Puspa Maya / Dema, Tshewang / Gurung, Ratna Bahadur

    International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife

    2021  Volume 14, Page(s) 150–156

    Abstract: The endangered Bengal tiger ( ...

    Abstract The endangered Bengal tiger (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2715239-X
    ISSN 2213-2244
    ISSN 2213-2244
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Cerebral cysticercosis in a wild Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Bhutan: A first report in non-domestic felids

    Phuentshok, Yoenten / Choden, Kinley / Alvarez Rojas, Cristian A / Deplazes, Peter / Wangdi, Sonam / Gyeltshen, Kuenzang / Rinzin, Karma / Thapa, Nirmal Kumar / Tenzinla, Tenzinla / Dorjee, Dechen / Valitutto, Marc / Gilbert, Martin / Siriaroonrat, Boripat / Jairak, Waleemas / Piewbang, Chutchai / Sharma, Puspa Maya / Dema, Tshewang / Gurung, Ratna Bahadur

    International journal for parasitology. 2021 Apr., v. 14

    2021  

    Abstract: The endangered Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a keystone species playing an essential role in ecology as well as in the social and spiritual lives of the Himalayan people. The latest estimate of the Bengal tiger population in Bhutan accounts ... ...

    Abstract The endangered Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a keystone species playing an essential role in ecology as well as in the social and spiritual lives of the Himalayan people. The latest estimate of the Bengal tiger population in Bhutan accounts for 103 individuals. Infectious organisms, including zoonotic parasites causing high burden in human health, have received little attention as a cause of mortality in tigers. Taeniosis/cysticercosis, caused by the cestode Taenia solium, is considered one of the major neglected tropical diseases in Southeast Asia. We present here a case of neurocysticercosis in a Bengal tiger showing advanced neurological disease outside Thimphu, the capital city of Bhutan. After palliative care, the animal died, and necropsy revealed multiple small cysts in the brain. Here we show the presence of two genetic variants of T. solium in the parasite material collected based on PCR and sequencing of the complete cox1 and cytB genes. The sequences form a discrete branch within the Asia plus Madagascar cluster of the parasite. On other hand, tests for feline morbillivirus, feline calicivirus, canine distemper virus, Nipah, rabies, Japanese encephalitis, feline leukaemia and feline immunodeficiency virus were negative. In contrast, PCR for feline herpesvirus was positive and a latex agglutination test revealed an elevated antibody titer against Toxoplasma gondii (titer 1:256). The molecular examination of taeniid eggs isolated from the tiger faeces produced sequences for which the highest homology in GenBank is between 92% and 94% with T. regis and T. hydatigena. This fatal case of T. solium neurocysticercosis, a disease previously unrecorded in tigers or other non-domestic felids, demonstrates an anthropogenically driven transmission of a deadly pathogen which could become a serious threat to the tiger population.
    Keywords Canine morbillivirus ; Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 ; Feline calicivirus ; Feline immunodeficiency virus ; Feline morbillivirus ; Panthera tigris tigris ; Taenia solium ; Toxoplasma gondii ; antibodies ; brain ; cats ; encephalitis ; feces ; human health ; keystone species ; latex agglutination test ; leukemia ; mortality ; necropsy ; neurocysticercosis ; parasites ; parasitology ; pathogens ; rabies ; Bhutan ; Madagascar ; South East Asia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-04
    Size p. 150-156.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2715239-X
    ISSN 2213-2244
    ISSN 2213-2244
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.003
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test kit to the gold standard fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of rabies in animals in Bhutan

    Tenzin Tenzin / Kelzang Lhamo / Purna B. Rai / Dawa Tshering / Pema Jamtsho / Jamyang Namgyal / Thrinang Wangdi / Sangay Letho / Tuku Rai / Sonam Jamtsho / Chendu Dorji / Sangay Rinchen / Lungten Lungten / Karma Wangmo / Pema Wangchuk / Tshewang Gempo / Kezang Jigme / Karma Phuntshok / Tenzinla Tenzinla /
    Ratna B. Gurung / Kinzang Dukpa

    BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract Background Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a rapid diagnostic tests in the field can greatly enhance disease surveillance and diagnostic activities, especially in resource poor settings. In this study, a total of 179 brain tissue samples collected from different rabies suspect animal species (113 dogs, 50 cattle, 10 cats, 3 goats, 2 horses, and 1 bear) were selected and tested using both rapid immunochromatographic kit and the reference standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT). We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of a rapid antigen detection test kit produced by BioNote, Inc. (Hwaseong-si, Korea) relative to a FAT for its fit-for-purpose for confirmation of clinical cases of rabies for early response and enhancing rabies surveillance. Results Among 179 samples examined in this study, there was a concordance in results by the rapid test and FAT in 115 positive samples and 54 negative samples. Test results were discordant in 10 samples which were positive by FAT, but negative (false negative) by rapid kit. The rapid test kit showed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 85.9–95.6) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 93.4–100) using FAT as the reference standard. The positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100% (95% CI:96.7–100) and 84.4% (95% CI: 73.6–91.3), respectively. Overall, there was 94.4% (95% CI: 90–96.9) test agreement between rapid test and FAT (Kappa value = 0.874) with a positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of 92 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Our finding demonstrated that the rapid test kit (BioNote) can be used for rabies surveillance and confirming clinical case of rabies in animals for making rapid decisions particularly controlling rabies outbreaks in resource poor settings.
    Keywords Rabies virus ; Diagnostic test ; Fluorescent antibody test ; Rapid anigen test ; Rapid immunochromatographic test ; Bhutan ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  4. Article: Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test kit to the gold standard fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of rabies in animals in Bhutan

    Tenzin, Tenzin / Lhamo, Kelzang / Rai, Purna B / Tshering, Dawa / Jamtsho, Pema / Namgyal, Jamyang / Wangdi, Thrinang / Letho, Sangay / Rai, Tuku / Jamtsho, Sonam / Dorji, Chendu / Rinchen, Sangay / Lungten, Lungten / Wangmo, Karma / Wangchuk, Pema / Gempo, Tshewang / Jigme, Kezang / Phuntshok, Karma / Tenzinla, Tenzinla /
    Gurung, Ratna B / Dukpa, Kinzang

    BMC veterinary research. 2020 Dec., v. 16, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a rapid diagnostic tests in the field can greatly enhance disease surveillance and diagnostic activities, especially in resource poor settings. In this study, a total of 179 brain tissue samples collected from different rabies suspect animal species (113 dogs, 50 cattle, 10 cats, 3 goats, 2 horses, and 1 bear) were selected and tested using both rapid immunochromatographic kit and the reference standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT). We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of a rapid antigen detection test kit produced by BioNote, Inc. (Hwaseong-si, Korea) relative to a FAT for its fit-for-purpose for confirmation of clinical cases of rabies for early response and enhancing rabies surveillance. RESULTS: Among 179 samples examined in this study, there was a concordance in results by the rapid test and FAT in 115 positive samples and 54 negative samples. Test results were discordant in 10 samples which were positive by FAT, but negative (false negative) by rapid kit. The rapid test kit showed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 85.9–95.6) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 93.4–100) using FAT as the reference standard. The positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100% (95% CI:96.7–100) and 84.4% (95% CI: 73.6–91.3), respectively. Overall, there was 94.4% (95% CI: 90–96.9) test agreement between rapid test and FAT (Kappa value = 0.874) with a positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of 92 and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding demonstrated that the rapid test kit (BioNote) can be used for rabies surveillance and confirming clinical case of rabies in animals for making rapid decisions particularly controlling rabies outbreaks in resource poor settings.
    Keywords Ursidae ; analytical kits ; antigen detection ; brain ; cats ; cattle ; diagnostic techniques ; disease surveillance ; dogs ; fluorescent antibody technique ; goats ; gold ; horses ; immunoaffinity chromatography ; monitoring ; people ; rabies ; rapid methods ; reference standards ; sampling ; veterinary medicine ; Bhutan ; Korean Peninsula
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Size p. 183.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ISSN 1746-6148
    DOI 10.1186/s12917-020-02405-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis of Rodents and Important Rodent-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens in Gedu, Bhutan.

    Phuentshok, Yoenten / Dorji, Kezang / Zangpo, Tandin / Davidson, Silas A / Takhampunya, Ratree / Tenzinla, Tenzinla / Dorjee, Chencho / Morris, Roger S / Jolly, Peter D / Dorjee, Sithar / McKenzie, Joanna S

    The Korean journal of parasitology

    2018  Volume 56, Issue 5, Page(s) 521–525

    Abstract: Rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors of many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, but little is known about their role in zoonotic disease transmission in Bhutan. In this study, a cross-sectional investigation of zoonotic disease ... ...

    Abstract Rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors of many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, but little is known about their role in zoonotic disease transmission in Bhutan. In this study, a cross-sectional investigation of zoonotic disease pathogens in rodents was performed in Chukha district, Bhutan, where a high incidence of scrub typhus and cases of acute undifferentiated febrile illness had been reported in people during the preceding 4-6 months. Twelve rodents were trapped alive using wire-mesh traps. Following euthanasia, liver and kidney tissues were removed and tested using PCR for Orientia tsutsugamushi and other bacterial and rickettsial pathogens causing bartonellosis, borreliosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, leptospirosis, and rickettsiosis. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on all rodent species captured and pathogens detected. Four out of the 12 rodents (33.3%) tested positive by PCR for zoonotic pathogens. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella grahamii, and B. queenslandensis were identified for the first time in Bhutan. Leptospira interrogans was also detected for the first time from rodents in Bhutan. The findings demonstrate the presence of these zoonotic pathogens in rodents in Bhutan, which may pose a risk of disease transmission to humans.
    MeSH term(s) Anaplasma phagocytophilum/genetics ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum/isolation & purification ; Anaplasma phagocytophilum/pathogenicity ; Animals ; Bartonella/genetics ; Bartonella/isolation & purification ; Bartonella/pathogenicity ; Bhutan/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Reservoirs/microbiology ; Disease Vectors ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leptospira interrogans/genetics ; Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification ; Leptospira interrogans/pathogenicity ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/genetics ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/isolation & purification ; Orientia tsutsugamushi/pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Rickettsia/genetics ; Rickettsia/isolation & purification ; Rickettsia/pathogenicity ; Rodentia/genetics ; Rodentia/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Zoonoses/epidemiology ; Zoonoses/microbiology ; Zoonoses/transmission
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-31
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 286875-1
    ISSN 1738-0006 ; 0023-4001
    ISSN (online) 1738-0006
    ISSN 0023-4001
    DOI 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.521
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 3476: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
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  6. Article ; Online: Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test kit to the gold standard fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of rabies in animals in Bhutan.

    Tenzin, Tenzin / Lhamo, Kelzang / Rai, Purna B / Tshering, Dawa / Jamtsho, Pema / Namgyal, Jamyang / Wangdi, Thrinang / Letho, Sangay / Rai, Tuku / Jamtsho, Sonam / Dorji, Chendu / Rinchen, Sangay / Lungten, Lungten / Wangmo, Karma / Wangchuk, Pema / Gempo, Tshewang / Jigme, Kezang / Phuntshok, Karma / Tenzinla, Tenzinla /
    Gurung, Ratna B / Dukpa, Kinzang

    BMC veterinary research

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 183

    Abstract: Background: Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a ...

    Abstract Background: Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a rapid diagnostic tests in the field can greatly enhance disease surveillance and diagnostic activities, especially in resource poor settings. In this study, a total of 179 brain tissue samples collected from different rabies suspect animal species (113 dogs, 50 cattle, 10 cats, 3 goats, 2 horses, and 1 bear) were selected and tested using both rapid immunochromatographic kit and the reference standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT). We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of a rapid antigen detection test kit produced by BioNote, Inc. (Hwaseong-si, Korea) relative to a FAT for its fit-for-purpose for confirmation of clinical cases of rabies for early response and enhancing rabies surveillance.
    Results: Among 179 samples examined in this study, there was a concordance in results by the rapid test and FAT in 115 positive samples and 54 negative samples. Test results were discordant in 10 samples which were positive by FAT, but negative (false negative) by rapid kit. The rapid test kit showed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 85.9-95.6) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 93.4-100) using FAT as the reference standard. The positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100% (95% CI:96.7-100) and 84.4% (95% CI: 73.6-91.3), respectively. Overall, there was 94.4% (95% CI: 90-96.9) test agreement between rapid test and FAT (Kappa value = 0.874) with a positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of 92 and 100%, respectively.
    Conclusions: Our finding demonstrated that the rapid test kit (BioNote) can be used for rabies surveillance and confirming clinical case of rabies in animals for making rapid decisions particularly controlling rabies outbreaks in resource poor settings.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens, Viral ; Bhutan ; Brain/virology ; Chromatography, Affinity/methods ; Chromatography, Affinity/veterinary ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine/veterinary ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/veterinary ; Immunologic Tests/methods ; Immunologic Tests/veterinary ; Mammals ; Rabies/diagnosis ; Rabies/veterinary ; Rabies virus/immunology ; Rabies virus/isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1746-6148
    ISSN (online) 1746-6148
    DOI 10.1186/s12917-020-02405-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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