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  1. Article: Efficacy of a training program designed to help address challenges faced by health promotion volunteers.

    Taguchi, Atsuko / Murayama, Hiroshi / Arakawa, Mihoko / Terao, Atsushi

    Nihon koshu eisei zasshi] Japanese journal of public health

    2017  Volume 64, Issue 4, Page(s) 207–216

    Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a training program designed to address the following three challenges facing health promotion volunteers: lack of new volunteers, short tenure of volunteering, and failure to build a collaborative relationship ... ...

    Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a training program designed to address the following three challenges facing health promotion volunteers: lack of new volunteers, short tenure of volunteering, and failure to build a collaborative relationship with other civic organizations.Methods Thirty-eight volunteer leaders representing 36 school districts (one from each district and two additional leaders) from southern parts of Shiga Prefecture participated in the training program. Four training sessions were conducted between July 2012 and January 2013. Each session lasted for 2 hours. The program included a lecture, group work, and role playing, all of which centered on the challenges experienced by the volunteers and possible solutions. Those who participated constituted the "training group," and other volunteers in the same area of Shiga, who did not take part in the program, made up the "non-training group." A third, control group consisted of health promotion volunteers based in City A, located outside the areas where the training occurred. To compare the three groups, we collected data before and after the training. The main evaluation index comprised the following three survey items: having confidence in recruiting new volunteers, having confidence in overcoming the difficulties or discouragement to continue to volunteer, and having confidence in explaining their activities to other local organizations to earn their cooperation. These questions were asked in a self-administered questionnaire using a 6-point Likert scale (1: strongly disagree, 6: strongly agree).Results The data were compared among the training group (28 out of the 38 participants completed the survey), non-training group (n=293), and control group (n=107). On the question about recruiting new volunteers, the training group's mean score increased from 2.9 (standard deviation (SD)=1.3) to 3.3 (SD=1.0) following the training, and the improvement relative to the other two groups was statistically significant (P=0.008 for training vs. non-training, P<0.001 for training vs. control). On the question related to overcoming challenges and continuing volunteering, the training group's mean score went up from 3.3 (SD=1.1) to 3.5 (SD=0.9). The change was statistically significant compared to the non-training group (P=0.033), but not compared to the control group (P=0.401). No statistically significant change was found for the cooperation variable.Conclusion Overall, this training program appears to be effective in addressing the challenges that health promotion volunteer organizations face.
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2017
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 45044-3
    ISSN 0546-1766
    ISSN 0546-1766
    DOI 10.11236/jph.64.4_207
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Neural mechanisms involved in the comprehension of metaphoric and literal sentences: an fMRI study.

    Shibata, Midori / Abe, Jun-Ichi / Terao, Atsushi / Miyamoto, Tamaki

    Brain research

    2007  Volume 1166, Page(s) 92–102

    Abstract: In this study, we investigated the neural substrate involved in the comprehension of novel metaphoric sentences by comparing the findings to those obtained with literal and anomalous sentences using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging ( ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we investigated the neural substrate involved in the comprehension of novel metaphoric sentences by comparing the findings to those obtained with literal and anomalous sentences using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Stimuli consisted of 63 copula sentences ("An A is a B") in Japanese with metaphorical, literal, or anomalous meanings. Thirteen normal participants read these sentences silently and responded as to whether or not they could understand the meaning of each sentence. When participants read metaphoric sentences in contrast to literal sentences, higher activation was seen in the left medial frontal cortex (MeFC: Brodmann's area (BA) 9/10), the left superior frontal cortex (SFC: BA 9), and the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC: BA 45). The opposite contrast (literal sentences in contrast to metaphoric sentences) gave higher activation in the precuneus (BA 7) and the right middle and SFC (BA 8/9). These findings suggest that metaphor comprehension is involved in specific neural mechanisms of semantic and pragmatic processing which differ from those in literal comprehension. Especially, our results suggest that activation in the left IFC reflects the semantic processing and that activation in the MeFC reflects the process of inference for metaphorical interpretation to establish semantic coherence.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Comprehension/physiology ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Imagination/physiology ; Language Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Metaphor ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Reference Values ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Verbal Behavior/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-08-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1200-2
    ISSN 1872-6240 ; 0006-8993
    ISSN (online) 1872-6240
    ISSN 0006-8993
    DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.06.040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Comprehension of degraded speech sounds with m-sequence modulation: an fMRI study.

    Takeichi, Hiroshige / Koyama, Sachiko / Terao, Atsushi / Takeuchi, Fumiya / Toyosawa, Yuko / Murohashi, Harumitsu

    NeuroImage

    2010  Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 2697–2706

    Abstract: In a recent electroencephalography (EEG) study (Takeichi et al., 2007a), we developed a new technique for assessing speech comprehension using speech degraded by m-sequence modulation and found a correlation peak with a 400-ms delay. This peak depended ... ...

    Abstract In a recent electroencephalography (EEG) study (Takeichi et al., 2007a), we developed a new technique for assessing speech comprehension using speech degraded by m-sequence modulation and found a correlation peak with a 400-ms delay. This peak depended on the comprehensibility of the modulated speech sounds. Here we report the results of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment comparable to our previous EEG experiment. We examined brain areas related to verbal comprehension of the modulated speech sound to examine which neural system processes this modulated speech. A non-integer, alternating-block factorial design was used with 23 Japanese-speaking participants, with time reversal and m-sequence modulation as factors. A main effect of time reversal was found in the left temporal cortex along the superior temporal sulcus (BA21 and BA39), left precentral gyrus (BA6) and right inferior temporal gyrus (BA21). A main effect of modulation was found in the left postcentral gyrus (BA43) and the right medial frontal gyri (BA6) as an increase by modulation and in the left temporal cortex (BA21, 39), parahippocampal gyrus (BA34), posterior cingulate (BA23), caudate and thalamus and right superior temporal gyrus (BA38) as a decrease by modulation. An interaction effect associated specifically with non-modulated speech was found in the left frontal gyrus (BA47), left occipital cortex in the cuneus (BA18), left precuneus (BA7, 31), right precuneus (BA31) and right thalamus (forward>reverse). The other interaction effect associated specifically with modulation of speech sound was found in the inferior frontal gyrus in the opercular area (BA44) (forward>reverse). Estimated scalp projection of the component correlation function (Cao et al., 2002) for the corresponding EEG data (Takeichi et al., 2007a, showed leftward dominance. Hence, activities in the superior temporal sulcus (BA21 and BA39), which are commonly observed for speech processing, as well as left precentral gyrus (BA6) and left inferior frontal gyrus in the opercular area (BA44) is suggested to contribute to the comprehension-related EEG signal.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Comprehension/physiology ; Female ; Functional Laterality/physiology ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Phonetics ; Speech Perception/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1147767-2
    ISSN 1095-9572 ; 1053-8119
    ISSN (online) 1095-9572
    ISSN 1053-8119
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.063
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Can Blood Pressure in the Elderly be Reduced? Findings From a Long-term Population Survey in Japan.

    Shimamoto, Tskashi / Iso, Hiroyasu / Sankai, Tomoko / Iida, Minoru / Naito, Yoshihiko / Sato, Shinichi / Kitamura, Akihiko / Kiyama, Masahiko / Konishi, Masamitsu / Terao, Atsushi / Baba, Shunroku / Ozawa, Hideki / Komachi, Yoshio

    The American journal of geriatric cardiology

    1994  Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 42–50

    Abstract: To examine whether blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease, can be controlled in the elderly as well as in middle-aged persons, we analyzed the data of observational studies on trends for BP and cardiovascular disease incidence ...

    Abstract To examine whether blood pressure (BP), a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease, can be controlled in the elderly as well as in middle-aged persons, we analyzed the data of observational studies on trends for BP and cardiovascular disease incidence in a northeast rural community of Japan. This community was the subject of an ongoing hypertension control program that was initiated in 1963. A significant decline in BP levels was noted in each sex-age group between 1963 and 1966 and 1987 and 1991. The decline was greater in older persons compared with younger individuals. The BP decline was attributable to an increase in antihypertensive medication use, beginning in the 1970s. We compared BP levels of untreated offspring and parents when both were 40 to 49 years old. Blood pressure levels were significantly lower in the offspring than in parents. This result and the large downward shift of BP distribution in the second decade of follow-up suggested that the improvements in diets and other environmental factors contributed to the BP decline. Between 1964 and 1968 and 1989 and 1992, stroke incidence declined 70% to 79% for all sex and age groups (40-69 and greater than 70 years). The number of totally dependent stroke patients decreased in both the middle-aged and the elderly between 1976 and 1991. The decline in stroke mortality tended to be larger in the surveyed community than in adjacent communities. These results indicated that hypertension control is effective in preventing stroke in the elderly as well as in the middle-aged.
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1171605-8
    ISSN 1751-715X ; 1076-7460
    ISSN (online) 1751-715X
    ISSN 1076-7460
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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