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  1. Article ; Online: Challenges of establishing the correct diagnosis of outbreaks of acute febrile illnesses in Africa: the case of a likely Brucella outbreak among nomadic pastoralists, northeast Kenya, March-July 2005.

    Ari, Mary D / Guracha, Argata / Fadeel, Moustafa Abdel / Njuguna, Charles / Njenga, M Kariuki / Kalani, Rosalia / Abdi, Hassan / Warfu, Osman / Omballa, Victor / Tetteh, Christopher / Breiman, Robert F / Pimentel, Guillermo / Feikin, Daniel R

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2011  Volume 85, Issue 5, Page(s) 909–912

    Abstract: An outbreak of acute febrile illness was reported among Somali pastoralists in remote, arid Northeast Kenya, where drinking raw milk is common. Blood specimens from 12 patients, collected mostly in the late convalescent phase, were tested for viral, ... ...

    Abstract An outbreak of acute febrile illness was reported among Somali pastoralists in remote, arid Northeast Kenya, where drinking raw milk is common. Blood specimens from 12 patients, collected mostly in the late convalescent phase, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. All were negative for viral and typhoid serology. Nine patients had Brucella antibodies present by at least one of the tests, four of whom had evidence suggestive of acute infection by the reference serologic microscopic agglutination test. Three patients were positive for leptospiral antibody by immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and two were positive for malaria. Although sensitive and specific point-of-care testing methods will improve diagnosis of acute febrile illness in developing countries, challenges of interpretation still remain when the outbreaks are remote, specimens collected too late, and positive results for multiple diseases are obtained. Better diagnostics and tools that can decipher overlapping signs and symptoms in such settings are needed.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; Brucella/immunology ; Brucellosis/diagnosis ; Brucellosis/epidemiology ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Fever/etiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria/diagnosis ; Male ; Milk/microbiology ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Transients and Migrants ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Bacterial
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    DOI 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.11-0030
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Buruli ulcer in Ghana: results of a national case search.

    Amofah, George / Bonsu, Frank / Tetteh, Christopher / Okrah, Jane / Asamoa, Kwame / Asiedu, Kingsley / Addy, Jonathan

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2002  Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–170

    Abstract: A national search for cases of Buruli ulcer in Ghana identified 5,619 patients, with 6,332 clinical lesions at various stages. The overall crude national prevalence rate of active lesions was 20.7 per 100,000, but the rate was 150.8 per 100,000 in the ... ...

    Abstract A national search for cases of Buruli ulcer in Ghana identified 5,619 patients, with 6,332 clinical lesions at various stages. The overall crude national prevalence rate of active lesions was 20.7 per 100,000, but the rate was 150.8 per 100,000 in the most disease-endemic district. The case search demonstrated widespread disease and gross underreporting compared with the routine reporting system. The epidemiologic information gathered will contribute to the design of control programs for Buruli ulcer.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Ghana/epidemiology ; Government Programs ; Health Services Accessibility/standards ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/prevention & control ; Mycobacterium ulcerans/isolation & purification ; Odds Ratio ; Sex Distribution ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/prevention & control ; Ulcer/diagnosis ; Ulcer/epidemiology ; Ulcer/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6040
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid0802.010119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Epidemiology and risk factors for serogroup X meningococcal meningitis during an outbreak in western Kenya, 2005-2006.

    Mutonga, David M / Pimentel, Guillermo / Muindi, Judith / Nzioka, Charles / Mutiso, Julius / Klena, John D / Morcos, Myriam / Ogaro, Thomas / Materu, Sadiki / Tetteh, Christopher / Messonnier, Nancy E / Breiman, Robert F / Feikin, Daniel R

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2009  Volume 80, Issue 4, Page(s) 619–624

    Abstract: The epidemiology of serogroup X meningococcal meningitis in Africa is unknown. During a serogroup X meningococcus outbreak in Kenya, case finding involved record review at health facilities and interviews with health workers and community leaders in West ...

    Abstract The epidemiology of serogroup X meningococcal meningitis in Africa is unknown. During a serogroup X meningococcus outbreak in Kenya, case finding involved record review at health facilities and interviews with health workers and community leaders in West Pokot district. An age- and location-matched case-control study for risk factors was done. From December 2005 to April 2006, 82 suspect cases of meningitis were reported; the epidemic threshold was surpassed within two administrative divisions. Most (58%) cases were 5-24 years old; the case-fatality ratio was 21%. Serogroup X meningococcus was the most common serogroup - 5 (63%) of eight isolates serogrouped. Living in the same compound as another case, preceding upper respiratory tract infection and cooking outside the house were significant risk factors for disease. Serogroup X meningococcus caused an outbreak with similar epidemiology and risk factors as other serogroups. Serogroup-specific laboratory-based surveillance for meningococcus in Africa to detect serogroup X disease should be enhanced.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Male ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/mortality ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neisseria meningitidis/classification ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Serotyping ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
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  4. Article: Rapid spread of Vibrio cholerae O1 throughout Kenya, 2005.

    Mugoya, Isaac / Kariuki, Samuel / Galgalo, Tura / Njuguna, Charles / Omollo, Jared / Njoroge, Jackson / Kalani, Rosalia / Nzioka, Charles / Tetteh, Christopher / Bedno, Sheryl / Breiman, Robert F / Feikin, Daniel R

    The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

    2008  Volume 78, Issue 3, Page(s) 527–533

    Abstract: Between January and June 2005, 5 distinct cholera outbreaks occurred in Kenya. Overall, 990 cases and 25 deaths (2.5%) were reported. Four outbreaks occurred in towns along major highways, and 1 occurred in a refugee camp near the Sudanese border, ... ...

    Abstract Between January and June 2005, 5 distinct cholera outbreaks occurred in Kenya. Overall, 990 cases and 25 deaths (2.5%) were reported. Four outbreaks occurred in towns along major highways, and 1 occurred in a refugee camp near the Sudanese border, accessible to Nairobi by daily flights. Matched case-control studies from 2 outbreaks showed that failure to treat drinking water and storing drinking water in wide-mouthed containers were significantly associated with disease. Isolates from all 5 outbreaks were Vibrio cholerae O1, Inaba serotype, and had genetically similar PFGE patterns of SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. Linkage of the outbreak locations by major transportation routes, their temporal proximity, and similar PFGE patterns of isolates suggests the outbreaks might have been linked epidemiologically, showing the speed and distance of cholera spread in countries like Kenya with pockets of susceptible populations connected by modern transportation. Prevention measures remain implementation of point-of-use safe water systems and case finding and referral.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholera/epidemiology ; Cholera/microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Vibrio cholerae/classification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2942-7
    ISSN 1476-1645 ; 0002-9637
    ISSN (online) 1476-1645
    ISSN 0002-9637
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  5. Article: Laboratory epidemiologist: skilled partner in field epidemiology and disease surveillance in Kenya.

    Kariuki Njenga, M / Traicoff, Denise / Tetteh, Christopher / Likimani, Sopiato / Oundo, Joseph / Breiman, Robert / Nyamongo, Jack / Burke, Heather / Nsubuga, Peter / White, Mark E

    Journal of public health policy

    2008  Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 149–164

    Abstract: Although for over 20 years the Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) have provided a model for building epidemiology capacity in Ministries of Health worldwide, the model does not address laboratory training and its integration with epidemiology. ... ...

    Abstract Although for over 20 years the Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) have provided a model for building epidemiology capacity in Ministries of Health worldwide, the model does not address laboratory training and its integration with epidemiology. To overcome this, Kenya added a laboratory management component in 2004, creating the first field epidemiology and laboratory training program (FELTP) to train both medical and laboratory epidemiologists. Laboratory management and epidemiology candidates were recruited from among degree-holding scientists at the Ministry of Health and trained in both applied epidemiology and laboratory management using a combination of short courses and extensive field placements. The course generated a cohort of laboratory epidemiologists with demonstrated capacity in disease surveillance and management of outbreaks. Early indicators suggest programmatic success: the start of laboratory-based disease reporting and better laboratory involvement in outbreak responses.
    MeSH term(s) Communication ; Curriculum ; Epidemiology/education ; Epidemiology/organization & administration ; Health Personnel/education ; Humans ; Information Systems/organization & administration ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Laboratories/organization & administration ; Leadership ; Program Evaluation ; Public Health Practice ; Sentinel Surveillance
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603208-4
    ISSN 0197-5897
    ISSN 0197-5897
    DOI 10.1057/jphp.2008.3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programs in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010: need, the process, and prospects.

    Nsubuga, Peter / Johnson, Kenneth / Tetteh, Christopher / Oundo, Joseph / Weathers, Andrew / Vaughan, James / Elbon, Suzanne / Tshimanga, Mufuta / Ndugulile, Faustine / Ohuabunwo, Chima / Evering-Watley, Michele / Mosha, Fausta / Oleribe, Obinna / Nguku, Patrick / Davis, Lora / Preacely, Nykiconia / Luce, Richard / Antara, Simon / Imara, Hiari /
    Ndjakani, Yassa / Doyle, Timothy / Espinosa, Yescenia / Kazambu, Ditu / Delissaint, Dieula / Ngulefac, John / Njenga, Kariuki

    The Pan African medical journal

    2011  Volume 10, Page(s) 24

    Abstract: As of 2010 sub-Saharan Africa had approximately 865 million inhabitants living with numerous public health challenges. Several public health initiatives [e.g., the United States (US) President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the US President's ... ...

    Abstract As of 2010 sub-Saharan Africa had approximately 865 million inhabitants living with numerous public health challenges. Several public health initiatives [e.g., the United States (US) President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief and the US President's Malaria Initiative] have been very successful at reducing mortality from priority diseases. A competently trained public health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems is necessary to build upon and sustain these successes and to address other public health problems. Sub-Saharan Africa appears to have weathered the recent global economic downturn remarkably well and its increasing middle class may soon demand stronger public health systems to protect communities. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been the backbone of public health surveillance and response in the US during its 60 years of existence. EIS has been adapted internationally to create the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) in several countries. In the 1990s CDC and the Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with the Uganda and Zimbabwe ministries of health and local universities to create 2-year Public Health Schools Without Walls (PHSWOWs) which were based on the FETP model. In 2004 the FETP model was further adapted to create the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) in Kenya to conduct joint competency-based training for field epidemiologists and public health laboratory scientists providing a master's degree to participants upon completion. The FELTP model has been implemented in several additional countries in sub-Saharan Africa. By the end of 2010 these 10 FELTPs and two PHSWOWs covered 613 million of the 865 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and had enrolled 743 public health professionals. We describe the process that we used to develop 10 FELTPs covering 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010 as a strategy to develop a locally trained public health workforce that can operate multi-disease surveillance and response systems.
    MeSH term(s) Africa South of the Sahara ; Epidemiology/education ; Laboratory Personnel/education ; Needs Assessment/statistics & numerical data ; Public Health ; Time Factors
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-10-19
    Publishing country Uganda
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2514347-5
    ISSN 1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
    ISSN (online) 1937-8688
    ISSN 1937-8688
    DOI 10.4314/pamj.v10i0.72235
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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