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Article ; Online: Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of

Dhivya, Manimozhi / Senthilraja, Govindasamy / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Harish, Sankarasubramanian / Saravanakumari, Kalaiselvan / Anand, Theerthagiri / Thiruvudainambi, Sundararajan

PeerJ

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) e16258

Abstract: Foxtail millet blast caused ... ...

Abstract	Foxtail millet blast caused by
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Setaria Plant/genetics ; Pyricularia grisea/genetics ; Phylogeny ; India/epidemiology ; Plant Breeding ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.16258
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Article ; Online: Bacterial cancer therapy: A turning point for new paradigms.

Mayakrishnan, Vijayakumar / Kannappan, Priya / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Bose, Rajendran J C / Madheswaran, Thiagarajan / Ramasamy, Mohankandhasamy

Drug discovery today

2022 Volume 27, Issue 8, Page(s) 2043–2050

Abstract: Cancer treatments have advanced considerably in recent years, appreciably enhancing the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. However, standard cancer treatments still have limitations that must be improved. In recent years, bacteria-based ... ...

Abstract	Cancer treatments have advanced considerably in recent years, appreciably enhancing the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. However, standard cancer treatments still have limitations that must be improved. In recent years, bacteria-based cancer therapy has gained much more attention owing to its unique properties that are unachievable with standard therapeutics. Bacteria species such as Salmonella, Clostridium, and Listeria have been shown to control tumor growth with improved prognosis in experimental animal models and clinical settings.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacteria ; Clostridium ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Salmonella
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1324988-5
ISSN	1878-5832 ; 1359-6446
ISSN (online)	1878-5832
ISSN	1359-6446
DOI	10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.007
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Article ; Online: Auranofin coated catheters inhibit bacterial and fungal biofilms in a murine subcutaneous model.

Felix, LewisOscar / Whitely, Cutler / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Mishra, Biswajit / Vera-Gonzalez, Noel / Mylonakis, Eleftherios / Shukla, Anita / Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1135942

Abstract: Microbe entry through catheter ports can lead to biofilm accumulation and complications from catheter-related bloodstream infection and ultimately require antimicrobial treatment and catheter replacement. Although strides have been made with microbial ... ...

Abstract	Microbe entry through catheter ports can lead to biofilm accumulation and complications from catheter-related bloodstream infection and ultimately require antimicrobial treatment and catheter replacement. Although strides have been made with microbial prevention by applying standardized antiseptic techniques during catheter implantation, both bacterial and fungal microbes can present health risks to already sick individuals. To reduce microbial adhesion, murine and human catheters were coated with polyurethane and auranofin using a dip coating method and compared to non-coated materials. Upon passage of fluid through the coated material
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Auranofin/pharmacology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Candida albicans ; Catheters
Chemical Substances	Auranofin (3H04W2810V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1135942
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Article: Biocidal and biocompatible hybrid nanomaterials from biomolecule chitosan, alginate and ZnO

Karthikeyan, Chandrasekaran / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Varaprasad, Kokkarachedu / Mylonakis, Eleftherios / Yallapu, Murali M.

Carbohydrate polymers. 2021 Nov. 15, v. 274

2021

Abstract: Biocidal activity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials (NMs) are crucial for healthcare applications. This study aims to develop biocidal hybrid NMs with high inhibition rates to control multidrug-resistant bacterial infection compared to conventional ... ...

Abstract	Biocidal activity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials (NMs) are crucial for healthcare applications. This study aims to develop biocidal hybrid NMs with high inhibition rates to control multidrug-resistant bacterial infection compared to conventional antibiotics. Herein, ZnO, chitosan-ZnO (CZnO) and alginate-ZnO (AZnO) NMs were synthesized via a simple one-pot technique. The one-pot process facilitates the efficiency of a chemical reaction whereby a reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions in just one step. The resulted NMs bio-physicochemical features were analyzed using various analytical methods. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanism of NMs strongly depends on the production of reactive oxygen species in NMs, due to their size, large surface areas, oxygen vacancies, ion release, and diffusion ability. The antibacterial potential of the NMs was tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone disclosed that the AZnO possessed an excellent antibacterial activity compared to ZnO and CZnO. Furthermore, toxicity studies revealed that the AZnO demonstrated low toxicity to the HepG2 cell lines. These results confirmed that the AZnO hybrid nanomaterials are promising futuristic biocidal agents suitable for the clinical and healthcare industries.
Keywords	alginates ; antibacterial properties ; bacterial infections ; biocompatibility ; chemical reactions ; chitosan ; health services ; human cell lines ; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; multiple drug resistance ; oxygen ; reactive oxygen species ; toxicity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1115
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1501516-6
ISSN	1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
ISSN (online)	1879-1344
ISSN	0144-8617
DOI	10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118646
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Article ; Online: Biocidal and biocompatible hybrid nanomaterials from biomolecule chitosan, alginate and ZnO.

Karthikeyan, Chandrasekaran / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Varaprasad, Kokkarachedu / Mylonakis, Eleftherios / Yallapu, Murali M

Carbohydrate polymers

2021 Volume 274, Page(s) 118646

Abstract	Biocidal activity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials (NMs) are crucial for healthcare applications. This study aims to develop biocidal hybrid NMs with high inhibition rates to control multidrug-resistant bacterial infection compared to conventional antibiotics. Herein, ZnO, chitosan-ZnO (CZnO) and alginate-ZnO (AZnO) NMs were synthesized via a simple one-pot technique. The one-pot process facilitates the efficiency of a chemical reaction whereby a reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions in just one step. The resulted NMs bio-physicochemical features were analyzed using various analytical methods. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanism of NMs strongly depends on the production of reactive oxygen species in NMs, due to their size, large surface areas, oxygen vacancies, ion release, and diffusion ability. The antibacterial potential of the NMs was tested against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone disclosed that the AZnO possessed an excellent antibacterial activity compared to ZnO and CZnO. Furthermore, toxicity studies revealed that the AZnO demonstrated low toxicity to the HepG2 cell lines. These results confirmed that the AZnO hybrid nanomaterials are promising futuristic biocidal agents suitable for the clinical and healthcare industries.
MeSH term(s)	Alginates/chemistry ; Alginates/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanostructures/microbiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology ; Zinc Oxide/chemistry ; Zinc Oxide/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Alginates ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Zinc Oxide (SOI2LOH54Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1501516-6
ISSN	1879-1344 ; 0144-8617
ISSN (online)	1879-1344
ISSN	0144-8617
DOI	10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118646
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Article ; Online: Repurposing the anthelmintic drug niclosamide to combat Helicobacter pylori.

Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Port, Jenna / Castillo, Dawilmer / Mylonakis, Eleftherios

Scientific reports

2018 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 3701

Abstract: There is an urgent need to discover novel antimicrobial therapies. Drug repurposing can reduce the time and cost risk associated with drug development. We report the inhibitory effects of anthelmintic drugs (niclosamide, oxyclozanide, closantel, ... ...

Abstract	There is an urgent need to discover novel antimicrobial therapies. Drug repurposing can reduce the time and cost risk associated with drug development. We report the inhibitory effects of anthelmintic drugs (niclosamide, oxyclozanide, closantel, rafoxanide) against Helicobacter pylori strain 60190 and pursued further characterization of niclosamide against H. pylori. The MIC of niclosamide against H. pylori was 0.25 μg/mL. Niclosamide was stable in acidic pH and demonstrated partial synergy with metronidazole and proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole and pantoprazole. Niclosamide administration at 1 × MIC concentration, eliminated 3-log
MeSH term(s)	Anthelmintics/pharmacology ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Repositioning/methods ; Drug Synergism ; Helicobacter pylori/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Niclosamide/pharmacology ; Omeprazole/pharmacology ; Oxyclozanide/pharmacology ; Pantoprazole/pharmacology ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rafoxanide/pharmacology ; Salicylanilides/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anthelmintics ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Salicylanilides ; Oxyclozanide (1QS9G4876X) ; Rafoxanide (22F4FLA7DH) ; Niclosamide (8KK8CQ2K8G) ; Pantoprazole (D8TST4O562) ; closantel (EUL532EI54) ; Omeprazole (KG60484QX9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-018-22037-x
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Article ; Online: Vulnerability of long-term care facility residents to Clostridium difficile infection due to microbiome disruptions.

Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Mylonakis, Eleftherios

Future microbiology

2018 Volume 13, Page(s) 1537–1547

Abstract: Aging presents a significant risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). A disproportionate number of CDIs affect individuals in long-term care facilities compared with the general population, likely due to the vulnerable nature of the ... ...

Abstract	Aging presents a significant risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). A disproportionate number of CDIs affect individuals in long-term care facilities compared with the general population, likely due to the vulnerable nature of the residents and shared environment. Review of the literature cites a number of underlying medical conditions such as the use of antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, chemotherapy, renal disease and feeding tubes as risk factors. These conditions alter the intestinal environment through direct bacterial killing, changes to pH that influence bacterial stabilities or growth, or influence nutrient availability that direct population profiles. In this review, we examine some of the contributing risk factors for elderly associated CDI and the toll they take on the microbiome.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Clostridium Infections/epidemiology ; Clostridium difficile/pathogenicity ; Dysbiosis/chemically induced ; Dysbiosis/complications ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; Long-Term Care ; Microbiota/drug effects ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Skilled Nursing Facilities
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Proton Pump Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1746-0921
ISSN (online)	1746-0921
DOI	10.2217/fmb-2018-0157
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Article ; Online: Halogen-Based 17β-HSD1 Inhibitors: Insights from DFT, Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies.

Kulandaisamy, Arulsamy / Panneerselvam, Murugesan / Solomon, Rajadurai Vijay / Jaccob, Madhavan / Ramakrishnan, Jaganathan / Poomani, Kumaradhas / Maruthamuthu, Muralikannan / Tharmalingam, Nagendran

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 12

Abstract: The high expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) mRNA has been found in breast cancer tissues and endometriosis. The current research focuses on preparing a range of organic molecules as 17β-HSD1 inhibitors. Among them, the ... ...

Abstract	The high expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) mRNA has been found in breast cancer tissues and endometriosis. The current research focuses on preparing a range of organic molecules as 17β-HSD1 inhibitors. Among them, the derivatives of hydroxyphenyl naphthol steroidomimetics are reported as one of the potential groups of inhibitors for treating estrogen-dependent disorders. Looking at the recent trends in drug design, many halogen-based drugs have been approved by the FDA in the last few years. Here, we propose sixteen potential hydroxyphenyl naphthol steroidomimetics-based inhibitors through halogen substitution. Our Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMO) analysis reveals that the halogen atom significantly lowers the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) level, and iodine shows an excellent capability to reduce the LUMO in particular. Tri-halogen substitution shows more chemical reactivity via a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap. Furthermore, the computed DFT descriptors highlight the structure-property relationship towards their binding ability to the 17β-HSD1 protein. We analyze the nature of different noncovalent interactions between these molecules and the 17β-HSD1 using molecular docking analysis. The halogen-derived molecules showed binding energy ranging from -10.26 to -11.94 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the newly proposed compounds provide good stability with 17β-HSD1. The information obtained from this investigation will advance our knowledge of the 17β-HSD1 inhibitors and offer clues to developing new 17β-HSD1 inhibitors for future applications.
MeSH term(s)	17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Halogens ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Naphthols ; Structure-Activity Relationship
Chemical Substances	Enzyme Inhibitors ; Halogens ; Naphthols ; 17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.-) ; 3 (or 17)-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27123962
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Article: The Anti-virulence Efficacy of 4-(1,3-Dimethyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)Phenol Against Methicillin-Resistant

Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Khader, Rajamohammed / Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn / Mylonakis, Eleftherios

Frontiers in microbiology

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 1557

Abstract: Antimicrobial drug discovery against drug-resistant bacteria is an urgent need. Beyond agents with direct antibacterial activity, anti-virulent molecules may also be viable compounds to defend against bacterial pathogenesis. Using a high throughput ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial drug discovery against drug-resistant bacteria is an urgent need. Beyond agents with direct antibacterial activity, anti-virulent molecules may also be viable compounds to defend against bacterial pathogenesis. Using a high throughput screen (HTS) that utilized
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2019.01557
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Article ; Online: First report of mecC gene in clinical methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from tertiary care hospital Islamabad, Pakistan.

Khan, Amir Afzal / Ali, Asad / Tharmalingam, Nagendran / Mylonakis, Eleftherios / Zahra, Rabaab

Journal of infection and public health

2020 Volume 13, Issue 10, Page(s) 1501–1507

Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the leading causes of community and hospital acquired infections globally. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence, study the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and evaluate ... ...

Abstract	Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the leading causes of community and hospital acquired infections globally. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence, study the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and evaluate the molecular typing of S. aureus isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad. Methods: A total of 1528 staphylococci isolates were included in this study. Standard microbiological procedures were applied to identify S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptability was evaluated using the disk diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined using microbroth dilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Multiplex PCR was used to detect antibiotic resistance genes, and molecular typing was performed using agr, SCCmec, spa, and Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and clonal relatedness by Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) methods. Results: Overall 65% were MRSA and 35% were methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Among MRSA isolates, 83% were multi-drug resistant and mecA was found in 54% isolates, mecC was in 3% while 1 MRSA carried both mecA and mecC genes. agrI (22%) was most prevalent group in MRSA, while agrIII (16%) was observed in MSSA. SCCmec types I, II, III, IV, and VI were detected, with high prevalence of type III while type V was absent. The prevelant spa type in MRSA was t657 with SCCmecIII elelments while in MSSA it was t021. One NEW spa type identified in MSSA isolates. In a subset of isolates, ST772 with SCCmecIV, ST1 carrying PVL marker, and ST1535 was reported first time from Pakistan. Conclusions: The study presents a comprehensive analysis of prevalent S. aureus types and their antibiotic resistance profiles. It also reports for the first time SCCmec type VI and clinical MRSA isolates with mecC alone and in combination with mecA from Islamabad, Pakistan. This calls for further detailed investigations in other hospital settings in the region.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Pakistan ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Tertiary Care Centers
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1876-035X
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.017
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