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Article ; Online: Quantification of Macrophage Cellular Ferrous Iron (Fe

Grubwieser, Philipp / Brigo, Natascha / Seifert, Markus / Grander, Manuel / Theurl, Igor / Nairz, Manfred / Weiss, Günter / Pfeifhofer-Obermair, Christa

Bio-protocol

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) e4929

Abstract: Macrophages are at the center of innate immunity and iron metabolism. In the case of an infection, macrophages adapt their cellular iron metabolism to deprive iron from invading bacteria to combat intracellular bacterial proliferation. A concise ... ...

Abstract	Macrophages are at the center of innate immunity and iron metabolism. In the case of an infection, macrophages adapt their cellular iron metabolism to deprive iron from invading bacteria to combat intracellular bacterial proliferation. A concise evaluation of the cellular iron content upon an infection with bacterial pathogens and diverse cellular stimuli is necessary to identify underlying mechanisms concerning iron homeostasis in macrophages. For the characterization of cellular iron levels during infection, we established an in vitro infection model where the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1 is infected with
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2833269-6
ISSN	2331-8325 ; 2331-8325
ISSN (online)	2331-8325
ISSN	2331-8325
DOI	10.21769/BioProtoc.4929
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: EnvIRONmental Aspects in Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Petzer, Verena / Theurl, Igor / Weiss, Günter / Wolf, Dominik

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 10

Abstract: Systemic iron overload is multifactorial in patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Disease-immanent ineffective erythropoiesis together with chronic red blood cell transfusion represent the main underlying reasons. However, like the ... ...

Abstract	Systemic iron overload is multifactorial in patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Disease-immanent ineffective erythropoiesis together with chronic red blood cell transfusion represent the main underlying reasons. However, like the genetic heterogeneity of MDS, iron homeostasis is also diverse in different MDS subtypes and can no longer be generalized. While a certain amount of iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are indispensable for proper hematological output, both are harmful if present in excess. Consequently, iron overload has been increasingly recognized as an important player in MDS, which is worth paying attention to. This review focuses on iron- and ROS-mediated effects in the bone marrow niche, their implications for hematopoiesis and their yet unclear involvement in clonal evolution. Moreover, we provide recent insights into hepcidin regulation in MDS and its interaction between erythropoiesis and inflammation. Based on Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron Overload/complications ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/etiology ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/metabolism ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22105202
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Article ; Online: Continuous Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Bacteria-infected Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using a Fluorescence Plate Reader.

Brigo, Natascha / Grubwieser, Philipp / Theurl, Igor / Nairz, Manfred / Weiss, Günter / Pfeifhofer-Obermair, Christa

Bio-protocol

2023 Volume 13, Issue 3

Abstract: Macrophages are at the center of innate immunity and are the main target cells of the intracellular ... ...

Abstract	Macrophages are at the center of innate immunity and are the main target cells of the intracellular pathogen
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2833269-6
ISSN	2331-8325 ; 2331-8325
ISSN (online)	2331-8325
ISSN	2331-8325
DOI	10.21769/BioProtoc.4604
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Article ; Online: Point-of-Care diagnostics of coagulation in the management of bleeding and transfusion in trauma patients.

Francis, Roland C E / Theurl, Igor / Maegele, Marc / Graw, Jan A

Current opinion in anaesthesiology

2020 Volume 33, Issue 2, Page(s) 246–252

Abstract: Purpose of review: Trauma-associated bleeding and coagulopathy require timely identification, prevention, and effective treatment. The present review summarizes the recent literature around point-of-care (POC) coagulation tests, their usefulness in the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Trauma-associated bleeding and coagulopathy require timely identification, prevention, and effective treatment. The present review summarizes the recent literature around point-of-care (POC) coagulation tests, their usefulness in the management of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), their impact on trauma patient outcomes, and the requirement of quality assurance. Recent findings: Best practice algorithms to manage TIC have been compiled in the 2019 European Guideline on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy after trauma. Evidence supports the use of goal-directed approaches to manage TIC. POC coagulation tests can accelerate and tailor individualized therapies. Recent findings emphasize: the time sparing of POC tests in prehospital settings and the validity of POC measurements in extreme environments; the potential scalability of POC-guided TIC algorithms in burn injuries and the pediatric population; the need for careful considerations of strategies to monitor and reverse the effects of direct oral anticoagulants in major trauma. Summary: In contrast to an abundance of reviews and practical approaches to POC coagulation management in trauma patients, there is a scarcity of research in the field and large-scale clinical trials are urgently needed. The paneuropean multicenter trial Implementing Treatment Algorithms for the Correction of Trauma Induced Coagulopathy (iTACTIC) will inform on the potential of viscoelastic tests to augment transfusion protocols for better patient outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Coagulation Disorders/diagnosis ; Blood Transfusion ; Hemorrhage/therapy ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Wounds and Injuries/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645203-6
ISSN	1473-6500 ; 0952-7907
ISSN (online)	1473-6500
ISSN	0952-7907
DOI	10.1097/ACO.0000000000000836
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Established and Emerging Concepts to Treat Imbalances of Iron Homeostasis in Inflammatory Diseases.

Petzer, Verena / Theurl, Igor / Weiss, Günter

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

2018 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: Inflammation, being a hallmark of many chronic diseases, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic kidney disease, negatively affects iron homeostasis, leading to iron retention in macrophages of the mononuclear ... ...

Abstract	Inflammation, being a hallmark of many chronic diseases, including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic kidney disease, negatively affects iron homeostasis, leading to iron retention in macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Functional iron deficiency is the consequence, leading to anemia of inflammation (AI). Iron deficiency, regardless of anemia, has a detrimental impact on quality of life so that treatment is warranted. Therapeutic strategies include (1) resolution of the underlying disease, (2) iron supplementation, and (3) iron redistribution strategies. Deeper insights into the pathophysiology of AI has led to the development of new therapeutics targeting inflammatory cytokines and the introduction of new iron formulations. Moreover, the discovery that the hormone, hepcidin, plays a key regulatory role in AI has stimulated the development of several therapeutic approaches targeting the function of this peptide. Hence, inflammation-driven hepcidin elevation causes iron retention in cells and tissues. Besides pathophysiological concepts and diagnostic approaches for AI, this review discusses current guidelines for iron replacement therapies with special emphasis on benefits, limitations, and unresolved questions concerning oral versus parenteral iron supplementation in chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the review explores how therapies aiming at curing the disease underlying AI can also affect anemia and discusses emerging hepcidin antagonizing drugs, which are currently under preclinical or clinical investigation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2193542-7
ISSN	1424-8247
ISSN	1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph11040135
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Article ; Online: Airway Epithelial Cells Differentially Adapt Their Iron Metabolism to Infection With

Grubwieser, Philipp / Hoffmann, Alexander / Hilbe, Richard / Seifert, Markus / Sonnweber, Thomas / Böck, Nina / Theurl, Igor / Weiss, Günter / Nairz, Manfred

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 875543

Abstract: Background: Pneumonia is often elicited by bacteria and can be associated with a severe clinical course, respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilation. In the alveolus, type-2-alveolar-epithelial-cells (AECII) contribute to innate immune ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pneumonia is often elicited by bacteria and can be associated with a severe clinical course, respiratory failure and the need for mechanical ventilation. In the alveolus, type-2-alveolar-epithelial-cells (AECII) contribute to innate immune functions. We hypothesized that AECII actively adapt cellular iron homeostasis to restrict this essential nutrient from invading pathogens - a defense strategy termed 'nutritional immunity', hitherto mainly demonstrated for myeloid cells. Methods: We established an Results: Both, Conclusion: AECII-derived A549 cells show pathogen-specific innate immune functions and adapt their iron handling in response to infection. The differential regulation of iron transporters depends on the preferential intra- or extracellular localization of the pathogen and likely aims at limiting bacterial iron availability.
MeSH term(s)	Epithelial Cells ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Infections ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolism ; Pneumonia
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2022.875543
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Article ; Online: The combination of supervised and unsupervised learning based risk stratification and phenotyping in pulmonary arterial hypertension-a long-term retrospective multicenter trial.

Sonnweber, Thomas / Tymoszuk, Piotr / Steringer-Mascherbauer, Regina / Sigmund, Elisabeth / Porod-Schneiderbauer, Stephanie / Kohlbacher, Lisa / Theurl, Igor / Lang, Irene / Weiss, Günter / Löffler-Ragg, Judith

BMC pulmonary medicine

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 143

Abstract: Background: Accurate risk stratification in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a devastating cardiopulmonary disease, is essential to guide successful therapy. Machine learning may improve risk management and harness clinical variability in PAH.: ... ...

Abstract	Background: Accurate risk stratification in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a devastating cardiopulmonary disease, is essential to guide successful therapy. Machine learning may improve risk management and harness clinical variability in PAH. Methods: We conducted a long-term retrospective observational study (median follow-up: 67 months) including 183 PAH patients from three Austrian PAH expert centers. Clinical, cardiopulmonary function, laboratory, imaging, and hemodynamic parameters were assessed. Cox proportional hazard Elastic Net and partitioning around medoid clustering were applied to establish a multi-parameter PAH mortality risk signature and investigate PAH phenotypes. Results: Seven parameters identified by Elastic Net modeling, namely age, six-minute walking distance, red blood cell distribution width, cardiac index, pulmonary vascular resistance, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and right atrial area, constituted a highly predictive mortality risk signature (training cohort: concordance index = 0.82 [95%CI: 0.75 - 0.89], test cohort: 0.77 [0.66 - 0.88]). The Elastic Net signature demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy as compared with five established risk scores. The signature factors defined two clusters of PAH patients with distinct risk profiles. The high-risk/poor prognosis cluster was characterized by advanced age at diagnosis, poor cardiac output, increased red cell distribution width, higher pulmonary vascular resistance, and a poor six-minute walking test performance. Conclusion: Supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms such as Elastic Net regression and medoid clustering are powerful tools for automated mortality risk prediction and clinical phenotyping in PAH.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ; Unsupervised Machine Learning ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Observational Study ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059871-3
ISSN	1471-2466 ; 1471-2466
ISSN (online)	1471-2466
ISSN	1471-2466
DOI	10.1186/s12890-023-02427-2
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Article ; Online: Single-Center Experience in Detecting Influenza Virus, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 at the Emergency Department.

Nairz, Manfred / Todorovic, Theodora / Gehrer, Clemens M / Grubwieser, Philipp / Burkert, Francesco / Zimmermann, Martina / Trattnig, Kristina / Klotz, Werner / Theurl, Igor / Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa / Weiss, Günter

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory tract swabs has become the gold standard for sensitive and specific detection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ... ...

Abstract	Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on respiratory tract swabs has become the gold standard for sensitive and specific detection of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this retrospective analysis, we report on the successive implementation and routine use of multiplex RT-PCR testing for patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Emergency Department (ED) at a tertiary care center in Western Austria, one of the hotspots in the early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Europe. Our description focuses on the use of the Cepheid
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Orthomyxoviridae/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15020470
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Article: Klebsiella pneumoniae

Grubwieser, Philipp / Hilbe, Richard / Gehrer, Clemens Michael / Grander, Manuel / Brigo, Natascha / Hoffmann, Alexander / Seifert, Markus / Berger, Sylvia / Theurl, Igor / Nairz, Manfred / Weiss, Günter

Frontiers in microbiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1223113

Abstract: Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae: Methods: We applied an : Results: Viable bacteria are recovered from macrophage cell lysates during the course of infection, indicative of persistence of bacteria within host cells and inefficient pathogen ... ...

Abstract	Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae Methods: We applied an Results: Viable bacteria are recovered from macrophage cell lysates during the course of infection, indicative of persistence of bacteria within host cells and inefficient pathogen clearing by macrophages. Strikingly, following KP infection macrophages strongly induce the expression of the main cellular iron importer transferrin-receptor-1 (TFR1). Accordingly, intracellular KP proliferation is further augmented by the addition of iron loaded transferrin. The induction of TFR1 is mediated Conclusion: Our results suggest, that KP manipulates macrophage iron metabolism to acquire iron once confined inside the host cell and enforces intracellular bacterial persistence. This is facilitated by microbial mediated induction of TFR1
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223113
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Article ; Online: Anemia at older age: etiologies, clinical implications, and management.

Stauder, Reinhard / Valent, Peter / Theurl, Igor

Blood

2017 Volume 131, Issue 5, Page(s) 505–514

Abstract: Anemia is quite frequently diagnosed in older individuals and is a key indicator of various reactive and clonal conditions. Many underlying diseases, like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), develop preferentially in elderly individuals. The prevalence of ... ...

Abstract	Anemia is quite frequently diagnosed in older individuals and is a key indicator of various reactive and clonal conditions. Many underlying diseases, like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), develop preferentially in elderly individuals. The prevalence of anemia at older age is increasing, and this is mainly attributable to more frequently applied diagnostics and demographic changes in our societies. The etiology of anemia at older age is complex and ranges from bone marrow failure syndromes to chronic kidney disease, and from nutritional deficiencies to inflammatory processes including inflammaging in immunosenescence. In a smaller number of cases, no clear-cut etiology is identified. These patients are referred to as unexplained anemia or idiopathic cytopenia of unknown significance. In others, somatic mutations in leukocytes are found, but diagnostic criteria for MDS or other hematologic diseases are not fulfilled, a condition termed clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance. Management of anemias at older age depends on (1) the severity of the anemia, (2) underlying condition(s), and (3) patient-related factors, including comorbidities. Even a mild anemia may substantially affect physical and cognitive capacities and quality of life. An underestimated aspect is that because of age-related changes, organ function such as erythropoietin production in the kidney may become suboptimal. Management and treatment of anemia in older patients often require a multidisciplinary approach and detailed investigations of organ function. In this article, we review current concepts around anemias at older age, with special emphasis on etiologies, clinical implications, and innovative concepts in the management of these patients.
MeSH term(s)	Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/blood ; Anemia/diagnosis ; Anemia/epidemiology ; Anemia/etiology ; Anemia/therapy ; Humans ; Late Onset Disorders/diagnosis ; Late Onset Disorders/epidemiology ; Late Onset Disorders/etiology ; Late Onset Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80069-7
ISSN	1528-0020 ; 0006-4971
ISSN (online)	1528-0020
ISSN	0006-4971
DOI	10.1182/blood-2017-07-746446
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.MO 364: Show issues

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