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  1. Article: The first smut fungus, Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae)

    Thines, Marco

    MycoKeys, 41:39-50

    2018  

    Abstract: There are 63 known species of Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A ... ...

    Institution Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Frankfurt
    Abstract There are 63 known species of Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae, Ustilaginomycotina), a third of which occur on Asteraceae. These smut fungi produce yellowish-brown to reddish-brown masses of spore balls in specific, mostly regenerative, plant organs. A species of Thecaphora was collected in the flower heads of Anthemis chia (Anthemideae, Asteraceae) on Rhodes Island, Greece, in 2015 and 2017, which represents the first smut record of a smut fungus on a host plant species in this tribe. Based on its distinctive morphology, host species and genetic divergence, this species is described as Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. Molecular barcodes of the ITS region are provided for this and several other species of Thecaphora. A phylogenetic and morphological comparison to closely related species showed that Th. anthemidis differed from other species of Thecaphora. Thecaphora anthemidis produced loose spore balls in the flower heads and peduncles of Anthemis chia unlike other flower-infecting species.
    Keywords Glomosporiaceae ; host specificity ; internal transcribed spacer ; molecular phylogenetics ; smut fungi
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  2. Article: Asexual and sexual morphs of Moesziomyces revisited

    Thines, Marco

    IMA fungus, 8(1):117-129

    2017  

    Abstract: Yeasts of the now unused asexually typified genus Pseudozyma belong to the smut fungi (Ustilaginales) and are mostly believed to be apathogenic asexual yeasts derived from smut fungi that have lost pathogenicity on plants. However, phylogenetic studies ... ...

    Institution Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum
    Abstract Yeasts of the now unused asexually typified genus Pseudozyma belong to the smut fungi (Ustilaginales) and are mostly believed to be apathogenic asexual yeasts derived from smut fungi that have lost pathogenicity on plants. However, phylogenetic studies have shown that most Pseudozyma species are phylogenetically close to smut fungi parasitic to plants, suggesting that some of the species might represent adventitious isolations of the yeast morph of otherwise plant pathogenic smut fungi. However, there are some species, such as Moesziomyces aphidis (syn. Pseudozyma aphidis) that are isolated throughout the world and sometimes are also found in clinical samples and do not have a known plant pathogenic sexual morph. In this study, it is revealed by phylogenetic investigations that isolates of the biocontrol agent Moesziomyces aphidis are interspersed with M. bullatus sexual lineages, suggesting conspecificity. This raises doubts regarding the apathogenic nature of asexual morphs previously placed in Pseudozyma, but suggests that there might also be pathogenic sexual morph counterparts for those species known only from asexual morphs. The finding that several additional species currently only known from their yeast morphs are embedded within the genus Moesziomyces, suggests that the yeast morph might play a more dominant role in this genus as compared to other genera of Ustilaginaceae. In addition, phylogenetic reconstructions demonstrated that Moesziomyces bullatus has a narrow host range and that some previously described but not widely used species names should be applied for Moesziomyces on other host genera than Echinochloa.
    Keywords Ustilaginomycotina ; ecology ; evolution ; phylogeny ; plant pathogens ; pleomorphic fungi ; yeast
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  3. Article: Phytophthora elongata (Peronosporaceae) is present as an estuarine species in Philippine mangroves

    Thines, Marco

    Mycosphere online, 8(7):959-967

    2017  

    Abstract: The genus Phytophthora, a group of hemibiotrophic oomycetes, is composed of almost 150 species, most of which are pathogens of terrestrial and freshwater plant species. Of the known taxa of Phytophthora, three species (P. estuarina, P. gemini, and P. ... ...

    Institution Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum
    Abstract The genus Phytophthora, a group of hemibiotrophic oomycetes, is composed of almost 150 species, most of which are pathogens of terrestrial and freshwater plant species. Of the known taxa of Phytophthora, three species (P. estuarina, P. gemini, and P. rhizophorae) were only recorded in the estuarine or marine environment, while others were recently discovered to be present in these environments as saprotrophs, suggesting that more Phytophthora species might be present in marine or estuarine habitats. Thus, mangrove habitats of the Philippines were surveyed for additional Phytophthora species apart from the previously-reported species, Phytophthora insolita. As a result, Phytophthora elongata, which was reported as a pathogen of Eucalyptus marginata from Western Australia, was isolated from mangrove leaf litter in the coastal area of Cavite, Philippines, as the first Clade 2 species found in saline habitats. This suggests that among Phytophthora species there is the potential to rather easily evolve measures to deal with osmotic pressure, which supports the potential importance of mangroves as a cryptic habitat of Phytophthora.
    Keywords Estuarine environment ; Halophytophthora ; Oomycetes ; Mangroves ; Peronosporaceae ; Phytophthora
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  4. Article: Miracula polaris

    Buaya, Anthony / Thines, Marco

    Mycobiology

    2024  Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 117–123

    Abstract: There is increasing evidence that holocarpic oomycetes, i.e., those converting their entire vegetative thallus into zoospores upon maturation, are a phylogenetically diverse group in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Most of the known holocarpic ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing evidence that holocarpic oomycetes, i.e., those converting their entire vegetative thallus into zoospores upon maturation, are a phylogenetically diverse group in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Most of the known holocarpic oomycete species diverge before the main split of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2631580-4
    ISSN 2092-9323 ; 1229-8093
    ISSN (online) 2092-9323
    ISSN 1229-8093
    DOI 10.1080/12298093.2024.2333611
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The genome sequence of the commercially cultivated mushroom Agrocybe aegerita reveals a conserved repertoire of fruiting-related genes and a versatile suite of biopolymer-degrading enzymes

    Rühl, Martin / SHARMA, RAHUL / Thines, Marco

    BMC genomics, 19:48

    2018  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Agrocybe aegerita is an agaricomycete fungus with typical mushroom features, which is commercially cultivated for its culinary use. In nature, it is a saprotrophic or facultative pathogenic fungus causing a white-rot of hardwood in forests of ...

    Institution Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum
    Abstract BACKGROUND: Agrocybe aegerita is an agaricomycete fungus with typical mushroom features, which is commercially cultivated for its culinary use. In nature, it is a saprotrophic or facultative pathogenic fungus causing a white-rot of hardwood in forests of warm and mild climate. The ease of cultivation and fructification on solidified media as well as its archetypal mushroom fruit body morphology render A. aegerita a well-suited model for investigating mushroom developmental biology. RESULTS: Here, the genome of the species is reported and analysed with respect to carbohydrate active genes and genes known to play a role during fruit body formation. In terms of fruit body development, our analyses revealed a conserved repertoire of fruiting-related genes, which corresponds well to the archetypal fruit body morphology of this mushroom. For some genes involved in fruit body formation, paralogisation was observed, but not all fruit body maturation-associated genes known from other agaricomycetes seem to be conserved in the genome sequence of A. aegerita. In terms of lytic enzymes, our analyses suggest a versatile arsenal of biopolymer-degrading enzymes that likely account for the flexible life style of this species. Regarding the amount of genes encoding CAZymes relevant for lignin degradation, A. aegerita shows more similarity to white-rot fungi than to litter decomposers, including 18 genes coding for unspecific peroxygenases and three dye-decolourising peroxidase genes expanding its lignocellulolytic machinery. CONCLUSIONS: The genome resource will be useful for developing strategies towards genetic manipulation of A. aegerita, which will subsequently allow functional genetics approaches to elucidate fundamentals of fruiting and vegetative growth including lignocellulolysis.
    Keywords Comparative genomics ; Carbohydrate active enzymes ; Agaricales ; Basidiomycetes ; Developmental biology ; Fruit body ; Mushroom ; White-rot
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  6. Article: Ustilago species causing leaf-stripe smut revisited

    Kruse, Julia / Dietrich, Wolfgang / Klenke, Reinhard / Thines, Marco

    IMA fungus, 9:49-73

    2018  

    Abstract: Leaf-stripe smuts on grasses are a highly polyphyletic group within Ustilaginomycotina, occurring in three genera, Tilletia, Urocystis, and Ustilago. Currently more than 12 Ustilago species inciting stripe smuts are recognised. The majority belong to the ...

    Institution Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum
    Abstract Leaf-stripe smuts on grasses are a highly polyphyletic group within Ustilaginomycotina, occurring in three genera, Tilletia, Urocystis, and Ustilago. Currently more than 12 Ustilago species inciting stripe smuts are recognised. The majority belong to the Ustilago striiformis-complex, with about 30 different taxa described from 165 different plant species. This study aims to assess whether host distinct-lineages can be observed amongst the Ustilago leaf-stripe smuts using nine different loci on a representative set. Phylogenetic reconstructions supported the monophyly of the Ustilago striiformis-complex that causes leaf-stripe and the polyphyly of other leaf-stripe smuts within Ustilago. Furthermore, smut specimens from the same host genus generally clustered together in well-supported clades that often had available species names for these lineages. In addition to already-named lineages, three new lineages were observed, and described as new species on the basis of host specificity and molecular differences: namely Ustilago jagei sp. nov. on Agrostis stolonifera, U. kummeri sp. nov. on Bromus inermis, and U. neocopinata sp. nov. on Dactylis glomerata.
    Keywords DNA-based taxonomy ; Ustilaginaceae ; molecular species discrimination ; multigene phylogeny ; new taxa ; species complex
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  7. Article ; Online: An evolutionary framework for host shifts - jumping ships for survival.

    Thines, Marco

    The New phytologist

    2019  Volume 224, Issue 2, Page(s) 605–617

    Abstract: Host jumping is a process by which pathogens settle in new host groups. It is a cornerstone in the evolution of pathogens, as it leads to pathogen diversification. It is unsurprising that host jumping is observed in facultative pathogens, as they can ... ...

    Abstract Host jumping is a process by which pathogens settle in new host groups. It is a cornerstone in the evolution of pathogens, as it leads to pathogen diversification. It is unsurprising that host jumping is observed in facultative pathogens, as they can reproduce even if they kill their hosts. However, host jumps were thought to be rare in obligate biotrophic pathogens, but molecular phylogenetics has revealed that the opposite is true. Here, I review some concepts and recent findings and present several hypotheses on the matter. In short, pathogens evolve and diversify via host jumps, followed by radiation, specialisation and speciation. Host jumps are facilitated by, for example, effector innovations, stress, compatible pathogens and physiological similarities. Host jumping, subsequent establishment, and speciation takes place rapidly - within centuries and millennia rather than over millions of years. If pathogens are unable to evolve into neutral or mutualistic interactions with their hosts, they will eventually be removed from the host population, despite balancing trade-offs. Thus, generally, plant pathogens only survive in the course of evolution if they jump hosts. This is also reflected by the diversity patterns observed in many genera of plant pathogens, where it leads to a mosaic pattern of host groups over time, in which the original host group becomes increasingly obscure.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Evolution ; Fungi/genetics ; Host Specificity ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plants/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.16092
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 868: Show issues

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  8. Article: Community barcoding reveals little effect of ocean acidification on the composition of coastal plankton communities: Evidence from a long-term mesocosm study in the Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak

    Langer, Julia / SHARMA, RAHUL / Thines, Marco

    PLOS ONE, 12(4):e0175808

    2017  

    Abstract: The acidification of the oceans could potentially alter marine plankton communities with consequences for ecosystem functioning. While several studies have investigated effects of ocean acidification on communities using traditional methods, few have ... ...

    Institution Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum
    Abstract The acidification of the oceans could potentially alter marine plankton communities with consequences for ecosystem functioning. While several studies have investigated effects of ocean acidification on communities using traditional methods, few have used genetic analyses. Here, we use community barcoding to assess the impact of ocean acidification on the composition of a coastal plankton community in a large scale, in situ, long-term mesocosm experiment. High-throughput sequencing resulted in the identification of a wide range of planktonic taxa (Alveolata, Cryptophyta, Haptophyceae, Fungi, Metazoa, Hydrozoa, Rhizaria, Straminipila, Chlorophyta). Analyses based on predicted operational taxonomical units as well as taxonomical compositions revealed no differences between communities in high CO2 mesocosms (~ 760 μatm) and those exposed to present-day CO2 conditions. Observed shifts in the planktonic community composition were mainly related to seasonal changes in temperature and nutrients. Furthermore, based on our investigations, the elevated CO2 did not affect the intraspecific diversity of the most common mesozooplankter, the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus acuspes. Nevertheless, accompanying studies found temporary effects attributed to a raise in CO2. Differences in taxa composition between the CO2 treatments could, however, only be observed in a specific period of the experiment. Based on our genetic investigations, no compositional long-term shifts of the plankton communities exposed to elevated CO2 conditions were observed. Thus, we conclude that the compositions of planktonic communities, especially those in coastal areas, remain rather unaffected by increased CO2.
    Keywords Copepods ; Carbon dioxide ; Mesocosms ; Sequence databases ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Phytoplankton ; Plankton ; Taxonomy
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  9. Article ; Online: Oomycetes.

    Thines, Marco

    Current biology : CB

    2018  Volume 28, Issue 15, Page(s) R812–R813

    Abstract: If it looks and acts like a fungus, it still might be-an Oomycete! Marco Thines introduces us to these fascinating fungal look-alikes. ...

    Abstract If it looks and acts like a fungus, it still might be-an Oomycete! Marco Thines introduces us to these fascinating fungal look-alikes.
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Host Specificity ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Life History Traits ; Oomycetes/classification ; Oomycetes/physiology ; Plants/parasitology ; Reproduction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.062
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  10. Article: Miracula einbuarlaekurica sp. nov., a new holocarpic endoparasitoid species from pennate freshwater diatoms in Iceland

    Buaya, Anthony T. / Thines, Marco

    Mycology. 2022 Apr. 03, v. 13, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Holocarpic oomycetes infecting freshwater diatoms are obligate endobiotic parasites reported from a wide range of habitats. So far, the taxonomy of and phylogeny of most species remains unresolved, since most have not been reported throughout the past ... ...

    Abstract Holocarpic oomycetes infecting freshwater diatoms are obligate endobiotic parasites reported from a wide range of habitats. So far, the taxonomy of and phylogeny of most species remains unresolved, since most have not been reported throughout the past decades and sequence data are available for only the four species, Aphanomycopsis bacillariacearum, Diatomophthora gillii, Ectrogella bacillariacearum, and the recently-discovered species Miracula moenusica. In the current study, a new freshwater diatom parasite resembling Ectrogella bacillariacearum in the sense of Scherffel was discovered from pennate diatoms (Ulnaria acus, Ulnaria ulna) collected from the small stream Einbúalækur on Víkurskarð, North Iceland and investigated for its life cycle and phylogenetic placement. In contrast to the original description, Scherffel reports an achlya-like spore discharge for Ectrogella bacillariacearum. The phylogenetic reconstruction and morphological characterisation in this study revealed that Scherffel’s E. bacillariacearum is largely unrelated to the epitype of the species and is a member of the early-diverging genus Miracula. Consequently, the new species is described as M. einbuarlaekurica in the present study. This adds a second freshwater member to the genus, demonstrating the high ecological adaptability of the genus, which thrives in both freshwater and marine ecosystems.
    Keywords Aphanomycopsis ; Ulnaria ulna ; endoparasitoids ; freshwater ; mycology ; new species ; phylogeny ; spore discharge ; streams ; Iceland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0403
    Size p. 153-161.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2553667-9
    ISSN 2150-1211 ; 2150-1203
    ISSN (online) 2150-1211
    ISSN 2150-1203
    DOI 10.1080/21501203.2021.1980446
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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