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Article ; Online: Unaffordable housing and cancer: novel insights into a complex question.

Thompson, Caroline A / Nianogo, Roch A / Leonard, Tammy

JNCI cancer spectrum

2024 Volume 8, Issue 3

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoplasms ; Housing/economics ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Editorial ; Comment
ISSN	2515-5091
ISSN (online)	2515-5091
DOI	10.1093/jncics/pkae029
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Article ; Online: Putting GLP-1 RAs and Thyroid Cancer in Context: Additional Evidence and Remaining Doubts.

Thompson, Caroline A / Stürmer, Til

Diabetes care

2022 Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 249–251

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1) ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor ; Hypoglycemic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	441231-x
ISSN	1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
ISSN (online)	1935-5548
ISSN	0149-5992
DOI	10.2337/dci22-0052
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Zs.A 1434: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 365: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Predicting the Future by Studying the Past for Patients With Cancer Diagnosed in the Emergency Department.

Ray, Emily M / Elston Lafata, Jennifer / Reeder-Hayes, Katherine E / Thompson, Caroline A

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

2024 , Page(s) JCO2400480

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	604914-x
ISSN	1527-7755 ; 0732-183X
ISSN (online)	1527-7755
ISSN	0732-183X
DOI	10.1200/JCO.24.00480
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Zs.A 1847: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 650: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Immortal Time Bias With Time-Varying Exposures in Environmental Epidemiology: A Case Study in Lung Cancer Survival.

Sheridan, Paige / Chen, Chen / Thompson, Caroline A / Benmarhnia, Tarik

American journal of epidemiology

2023 Volume 192, Issue 10, Page(s) 1754–1762

Abstract: Immortal time bias is a well-recognized bias in clinical epidemiology but is rarely discussed in environmental epidemiology. Under the target trial framework, this bias is formally conceptualized as a misalignment between the start of study follow-up ( ... ...

Abstract	Immortal time bias is a well-recognized bias in clinical epidemiology but is rarely discussed in environmental epidemiology. Under the target trial framework, this bias is formally conceptualized as a misalignment between the start of study follow-up (time 0) and treatment assignment. This misalignment can occur when attained duration of follow-up is encoded into treatment assignment using minimums, maximums, or averages. The bias can be exacerbated in the presence of time trends commonly found in environmental exposures. Using lung cancer cases from the California Cancer Registry (2000-2010) linked with estimated concentrations of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), we replicated previous studies that averaged PM2.5 exposure over follow-up in a time-to-event model. We compared this approach with one that ensures alignment between time 0 and treatment assignment, a discrete-time approach. In the former approach, the estimated overall hazard ratio for a 5-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.36, 1.40). Under the discrete-time approach, the estimated pooled odds ratio was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.00). We conclude that the strong estimated effect in the former approach was likely driven by immortal time bias, due to misalignment at time 0. Our findings highlight the importance of appropriately conceptualizing a time-varying environmental exposure under the target trial framework to avoid introducing preventable systematic errors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Time Factors ; Bias ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2937-3
ISSN	1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
ISSN (online)	1476-6256
ISSN	0002-9262
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwad135
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Un I Zs.310: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Healthcare utilization is a collider: an introduction to collider bias in EHR data reuse.

Weiskopf, Nicole G / Dorr, David A / Jackson, Christie / Lehmann, Harold P / Thompson, Caroline A

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA

2023 Volume 30, Issue 5, Page(s) 971–977

Abstract: Objectives: Collider bias is a common threat to internal validity in clinical research but is rarely mentioned in informatics education or literature. Conditioning on a collider, which is a variable that is the shared causal descendant of an exposure ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Collider bias is a common threat to internal validity in clinical research but is rarely mentioned in informatics education or literature. Conditioning on a collider, which is a variable that is the shared causal descendant of an exposure and outcome, may result in spurious associations between the exposure and outcome. Our objective is to introduce readers to collider bias and its corollaries in the retrospective analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data. Target audience: Collider bias is likely to arise in the reuse of EHR data, due to data-generating mechanisms and the nature of healthcare access and utilization in the United States. Therefore, this tutorial is aimed at informaticians and other EHR data consumers without a background in epidemiological methods or causal inference. Scope: We focus specifically on problems that may arise from conditioning on forms of healthcare utilization, a common collider that is an implicit selection criterion when one reuses EHR data. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are introduced as a tool for identifying potential sources of bias during study design and planning. References for additional resources on causal inference and DAG construction are provided.
MeSH term(s)	Retrospective Studies ; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ; Bias ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1205156-1
ISSN	1527-974X ; 1067-5027
ISSN (online)	1527-974X
ISSN	1067-5027
DOI	10.1093/jamia/ocad013
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Zs.A 4128: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 312: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Alarming recent rises in early-onset colorectal cancer.

Thompson, Caroline A / Begi, Talia / Parada, Humberto

Cancer

2021 Volume 128, Issue 2, Page(s) 230–233

MeSH term(s)	Age of Onset ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1429-1
ISSN	1097-0142 ; 0008-543X ; 1934-662X
ISSN (online)	1097-0142
ISSN	0008-543X ; 1934-662X
DOI	10.1002/cncr.33919
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Uh III Zs.146: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Disentangling Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Treatment for Colorectal Cancer.

Obrochta, Chelsea A / Murphy, James D / Tsou, Ming-Hsiang / Thompson, Caroline A

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2021 Volume 30, Issue 8, Page(s) 1546–1553

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer is curable if diagnosed early and treated properly. Black and Hispanic patients with colorectal cancer are more likely to experience treatment delays and/or receive lower standards of care. Socioeconomic deprivation may ... ...

Abstract	Background: Colorectal cancer is curable if diagnosed early and treated properly. Black and Hispanic patients with colorectal cancer are more likely to experience treatment delays and/or receive lower standards of care. Socioeconomic deprivation may contribute to these disparities, but this has not been extensively quantified. We studied the interrelationship between patient race/ethnicity and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) on receipt of timely appropriate treatment among patients with colorectal cancer in California. Methods: White, Black, and Hispanic patients (26,870) diagnosed with stage I-III colorectal cancer (2009-2013) in the California Cancer Registry were included. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of race/ethnicity and nSES with three outcomes: undertreatment, >60-day treatment delay, and >90-day treatment delay. Joint effect models and mediation analysis were used to explore the interrelationships between race/ethnicity and nSES. Results: Hispanics and Blacks were at increased risk for undertreatment [Black OR = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-1.57; Hispanic OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.08-1.27] and treatment delay (Black/60-day OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.57-2.02; Hispanic/60-day OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.38-1.64) compared with Whites. Of the total effect (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.07-1.24) of non-white race on undertreatment, 45.71% was explained by nSES. Conclusions: Lower nSES patients of any race were at substantially higher risk for undertreatment and treatment delay, and racial/ethnic disparities are reduced or eliminated among non-white patients living in the highest SES neighborhoods. Racial and ethnic disparities persisted after accounting for neighborhood socioeconomic status, and between the two, race/ethnicity explained a larger portion of the total effects. Impact: This research improves our understanding of how socioeconomic deprivation contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Black People ; California/epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/economics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/ethnology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Hispanic or Latino ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; Social Class ; Time-to-Treatment ; White People
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1728
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Zs.A 3693: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Comparing Age at Cancer Diagnosis between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites in the United States.

Parada, Humberto / Vu, Andrew H / Pinheiro, Paulo S / Thompson, Caroline A

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2021 Volume 30, Issue 10, Page(s) 1904–1912

Abstract: Background: Population age structure may confound the comparison of age at cancer diagnosis across racial/ethnic groups. We compared age at cancer diagnosis for U.S. Hispanics, a population that is younger on average, and non-Hispanic whites (NHW), ... ...

Abstract	Background: Population age structure may confound the comparison of age at cancer diagnosis across racial/ethnic groups. We compared age at cancer diagnosis for U.S. Hispanics, a population that is younger on average, and non-Hispanic whites (NHW), before and after adjustment for the age structure of the source population. Methods: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 18 U.S. regions in 2015 for 34 cancer sites to calculate crude and adjusted (using age- and sex-specific weights) mean ages at diagnosis. Differences in age at diagnosis comparing Hispanics to NHWs ( Results: Crude mean ages at diagnosis were lower among Hispanic males and females for all sites combined and for most cancer sites. After age-adjustment, Hispanic (vs. NHW) males remained younger on average at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia [ Conclusions: On average, Hispanics are diagnosed with cancer at younger ages than NHWs; however, for many cancers these differences reflect the younger age structure in Hispanics. Impact: Population age structure should be considered when comparing age at cancer diagnosis across racial/ethnic groups.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Female ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/ethnology ; Population Surveillance ; SEER Program/statistics & numerical data ; United States/epidemiology ; Whites/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0389
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Zs.A 3693: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Understanding mechanisms of racial disparities in breast cancer: an assessment of screening and regular care in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.

Dunn, Matthew R / Metwally, Eman M / Vohra, Sanah / Hyslop, Terry / Henderson, Louise M / Reeder-Hayes, Katherine / Thompson, Caroline A / Lafata, Jennifer Elston / Troester, Melissa A / Butler, Eboneé N

Cancer causes & control : CCC

2024 Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 825–837

Abstract: Purpose: Screening history influences stage at detection, but regular preventive care may also influence breast tumor diagnostic characteristics. Few studies have evaluated healthcare utilization (both screening and primary care) in racially diverse ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Screening history influences stage at detection, but regular preventive care may also influence breast tumor diagnostic characteristics. Few studies have evaluated healthcare utilization (both screening and primary care) in racially diverse screening-eligible populations. Methods: This analysis included 2,058 women age 45-74 (49% Black) from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based cohort of women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2008 and 2013. Screening history (threshold 0.5 mammograms per year) and pre-diagnostic healthcare utilization (i.e. regular care, based on responses to "During the past ten years, who did you usually see when you were sick or needed advice about your health?") were assessed as binary exposures. The relationship between healthcare utilization and tumor characteristics were evaluated overall and race-stratified. Results: Among those lacking screening, Black participants had larger tumors (5 + cm) (frequency 19.6% vs 11.5%, relative frequency difference (RFD) = 8.1%, 95% CI 2.8-13.5), but race differences were attenuated among screening-adherent participants (10.2% vs 7.0%, RFD = 3.2%, 0.2-6.2). Similar trends were observed for tumor stage and mode of detection (mammogram vs lump). Among all participants, those lacking both screening and regular care had larger tumors (21% vs 8%, RR = 2.51, 1.76-3.56) and advanced (3B +) stage (19% vs 6%, RR = 3.15, 2.15-4.63) compared to the referent category (screening-adherent and regular care). Under-use of regular care and screening was more prevalent in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas of North Carolina. Conclusions: Access to regular care is an important safeguard for earlier detection. Our data suggest that health equity interventions should prioritize both primary care and screening.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/ethnology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data ; Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data ; Healthcare Disparities/ethnology ; North Carolina/epidemiology ; Mammography/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/ethnology ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; White People/statistics & numerical data ; Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Mass Screening/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1064022-8
ISSN	1573-7225 ; 0957-5243
ISSN (online)	1573-7225
ISSN	0957-5243
DOI	10.1007/s10552-023-01833-5
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Zs.A 3375: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The impact of patient travel time on disparities in treatment for early stage lung cancer in California.

Obrochta, Chelsea A / Parada, Humberto / Murphy, James D / Nara, Atsushi / Trinidad, Dennis / Araneta, Maria Rosario Happy / Thompson, Caroline A

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) e0272076

Abstract: Background: Travel time to treatment facilities may impede the receipt of guideline-concordant treatment (GCT) among patients diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC). We investigated the relative contribution of travel time in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Travel time to treatment facilities may impede the receipt of guideline-concordant treatment (GCT) among patients diagnosed with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC). We investigated the relative contribution of travel time in the receipt of GCT among ES-NSCLC patients. Methods: We included 22,821 ES-NSCLC patients diagnosed in California from 2006-2015. GCT was defined using the 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, and delayed treatment was defined as treatment initiation >6 versus ≤6 weeks after diagnosis. Mean-centered driving and public transit times were calculated from patients' residential block group centroid to the treatment facilities. We used logistic regression to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between patients' travel time and receipt of GCT and timely treatment, overall and by race/ethnicity and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). Results: Overall, a 15-minute increase in travel time was associated with a decreased risk of undertreatment and delayed treatment. Compared to Whites, among Blacks, a 15-minute increase in driving time was associated with a 24% (95%CI = 8%-42%) increased risk of undertreatment, and among Filipinos, a 15-minute increase in public transit time was associated with a 27% (95%CI = 13%-42%) increased risk of delayed treatment. Compared to the highest nSES, among the lowest nSES, 15-minute increases in driving and public transit times were associated with 33% (95%CI = 16%-52%) and 27% (95%CI = 16%-39%) increases in the risk of undertreatment and delayed treatment, respectively. Conclusion: The benefit of GCT observed with increased travel times may be a 'Travel Time Paradox,' and may vary across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
MeSH term(s)	California/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy ; Ethnicity ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy ; Social Class
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0272076
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