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  1. Article: Is blockchain ready for orthopaedics? A systematic review.

    Thomson, Calum / Beale, Russell

    Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma

    2021  Volume 23, Page(s) 101615

    Abstract: Introduction: The unique attributes of distributed ledger blockchain systems including robust security, immutability, transparency, and decentralisation, make them highly suitable solutions for many healthcare-related problems. This review examines the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The unique attributes of distributed ledger blockchain systems including robust security, immutability, transparency, and decentralisation, make them highly suitable solutions for many healthcare-related problems. This review examines the potential applications for blockchain technology in the field of orthopaedics, by taking a systematic approach to the evolving blockchain literature and mapping potential use cases against the current needs of orthopaedic practice.
    Method: A literature search was performed using Pubmed, EMBASE, OVID and the Cochrane library with the primary aim of identifying detailed accounts of blockchain solutions and use cases in healthcare. These articles were then reviewed and mapped against current orthopaedic practice to illustrate applications specific to that specialty.
    Results: One hundred and forty-one papers were identified which described case studies, simulations, or detailed proposals of blockchain solutions in healthcare. Most studies described blockchain solutions at the simulated or prototype testing phase, with only 10 case studies describing blockchains in "real-world" use. The most frequently cited use cases for blockchain technology involved the storage, security and sharing of electronic medical records. Other blockchain solutions focused on the "Internet of Things", research, COVID 19, supply chains and radiology. There were no solutions focusing specifically on orthopaedics. Many of the described blockchain solutions had considerable scope for application in orthopaedic practice however, providing the potential for greater inter-institutional collaboration, cross border data exchange, enhanced patient participation, and more robust and transparent research practices.
    Conclusion: Blockchain solutions for healthcare are increasing in number and scope and have multiple applications relevant to orthopaedic practice. The orthopaedic community needs to be aware of this innovative and growing field of computer science so that surgeons can leverage the power of blockchain safely for the future of orthopaedics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2596956-0
    ISSN 2213-3445 ; 0976-5662
    ISSN (online) 2213-3445
    ISSN 0976-5662
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101615
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Long-term outcomes in sacral agenesis.

    Thomson, Calum / Mahmood, Amun / Yun, Sung Min / Hartley, Laura / Botchu, Rajesh / Mohmoud, Khalid / Sewell, Mathew / Mehta, Jwalant

    Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Sacral agenesis (SA) includes a range of clinical presentations of varying severity, with implications for function and quality of life (QoL). Diagnosis is often made perinatally, and prognostic discussions become an important aspect of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Sacral agenesis (SA) includes a range of clinical presentations of varying severity, with implications for function and quality of life (QoL). Diagnosis is often made perinatally, and prognostic discussions become an important aspect of parental counselling. This study engaged SA sufferers and their caregivers to obtain objective, long-term patient reported outcome data.
    Method: Patients with radiologically confirmed SA from a single tertiary spinal unit underwent retrospective medical record review. Patients were then contacted by telephone to complete QoL questionnaires including EQ-ED-5L for adults and EQ-ED-Y for < 16-year-olds. Additional information including Renshaw grade, employment, living situation and bladder function was also collected.
    Results: Twenty-six patients with SA were identified. Mean age is 23.35 years (range 0.92-63.53), 13 M:17F. Renshaw grade ranged from 1 to 4. Sixty-eight percent had associated kyphoscoliotic deformities. The majority (70%) had either impaired or absent bladder control, and 80% need walking aids to mobilise. Twenty patients completed the questionnaire (10 adults and 10 < 16-year-olds). Mean EQ-ED-5L index for adults was +0.474 (range -0.1 to +0.089, 1 = best), with a lower mean value of +0.287 (range -0.54 to +1) for the < 16-year cohort. Those undergoing spinal fusion procedures had significantly lower scores (-0.08 v +0.44, p = 0.022).
    Conclusion: This study provides an objective record of the QoL of individuals with SA, illustrating a wide variety of outcomes, with differences between younger and older individuals which may reflect the results of a long-term adaptive process. The implications for individuals should be carefully tailored to the specific deformity and the likely underlying neurological deficits.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605988-0
    ISSN 1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    ISSN (online) 1433-0350
    ISSN 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    DOI 10.1007/s00381-024-06326-7
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  3. Article ; Online: Failed Acellular Nerve Allografts: A Critical Review.

    Thomson, Calum / Schneider, Joel Mark / Pohl, Ute / Power, Dominic M

    Annals of plastic surgery

    2021  Volume 89, Issue 1, Page(s) 63–71

    Abstract: Background: Acellular nerve allograft (ANA) occupies an increasingly prominent role in the treatment of peripheral nerve reconstruction. There is demonstrable efficacy; however, some grafts fail to support axonal regrowth and the reasons for this are ... ...

    Abstract Background: Acellular nerve allograft (ANA) occupies an increasingly prominent role in the treatment of peripheral nerve reconstruction. There is demonstrable efficacy; however, some grafts fail to support axonal regrowth and the reasons for this are unclear. This study examines the ANA experience in a specialized peripheral nerve surgery department to discuss the clinical and histological findings in failed cases.
    Method: Failed ANA grafts were identified from a prospective database using Medical Research Council Classification (MRCC) S3 and M3 as thresholds for success. Cases in which ANA grafting was indicated for nerve related pain and dysesthesia but where no subjective improvement in symptoms occurred were also included. Patients requiring revision surgery after ANA grafting were also considered failures. Cases were then examined in conjunction with a literature review to identify possible mechanisms of failure, including detailed histological analysis in 2 cases.
    Results: Eight failed procedures were identified from a database of 99 separate allograft records on 74 patients. This included procedures for 2 tibial nerves, 2 superficial radial nerves, 2 median nerves, 1 digital nerve and a lateral cord brachial plexus injury (male/female, 5:3; age range, 24-54 years). Allograft length range 25 to 120 mm. One postoperative infection was identified. Histological findings in 2 cases included adequate vascularization of allograft material without subsequent axonal regeneration, a reduction of large myelinated fibers proximal to a tibial nerve allograft in the setting of a chronic injury, and a preference for small rather than large fiber regeneration.
    Conclusions: This article reports instances of ANA graft failure in a variety of contexts, for which the primary reasons for failure remain unclear. The etiology is likely to be multifactorial with both patient, graft and surgeon factors contributing to failure. Further clinical and histological analysis of ANA failures will improve our understanding of the mechanisms of graft failure.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Allografts ; Axons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology ; Peripheral Nerves/transplantation ; Transplantation, Homologous/methods ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 423835-7
    ISSN 1536-3708 ; 0148-7043
    ISSN (online) 1536-3708
    ISSN 0148-7043
    DOI 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003055
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  4. Article ; Online: The British Orthopaedic Oncology Management (BOOM) audit.

    Archer, James E / Chauhan, Govind S / Dewan, Varun / Osman, Khabab / Thomson, Calum / Nandra, Rajpal S / Ashford, Robert U / Cool, Paul / Stevenson, Jonathan

    The bone & joint journal

    2023  Volume 105-B, Issue 10, Page(s) 1115–1122

    Abstract: Aims: Most patients with advanced malignancy suffer bone metastases, which pose a significant challenge to orthopaedic services and burden to the health economy. This study aimed to assess adherence to the British Orthopaedic Oncology Society (BOOS)/ ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Most patients with advanced malignancy suffer bone metastases, which pose a significant challenge to orthopaedic services and burden to the health economy. This study aimed to assess adherence to the British Orthopaedic Oncology Society (BOOS)/British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) guidelines on patients with metastatic bone disease (MBD) in the UK.
    Methods: A prospective, multicentre, national collaborative audit was designed and delivered by a trainee-led collaborative group. Data were collected over three months (1 April 2021 to 30 June 2021) for all patients presenting with MBD. A data collection tool allowed investigators at each hospital to compare practice against guidelines. Data were collated and analyzed centrally to quantify compliance from 84 hospitals in the UK for a total of 1,137 patients who were eligible for inclusion.
    Results: A total of 846 patients with pelvic and appendicular MBD were analyzed, after excluding those with only spinal metastatic disease. A designated MBD lead was not present in 39% of centres (33/84). Adequate radiographs were not performed in 19% of patients (160/846), and 29% (247/846) did not have an up-to-date CT of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis to stage their disease. Compliance was low obtaining an oncological opinion (69%; 584/846) and prognosis estimations (38%; 223/846). Surgery was performed in 38% of patients (319/846), with the rates of up-to-date radiological investigations and oncology input with prognosis below the expected standard. Of the 25% (215/846) presenting with a solitary metastasis, a tertiary opinion from a MBD centre and biopsy was sought in 60% (130/215).
    Conclusion: Current practice in the UK does not comply with national guidelines, especially regarding investigations prior to surgery and for patients with solitary metastases. This study highlights the need for investment and improvement in care. The recent publication of British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma (BOAST) defines auditable standards to drive these improvements for this vulnerable patient group.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Orthopedics ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Thorax
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2697156-2
    ISSN 2049-4408 ; 2049-4394
    ISSN (online) 2049-4408
    ISSN 2049-4394
    DOI 10.1302/0301-620X.105B10.BJJ-2023-0443.R1
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    Zs.A 6989: Show issues Location:
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  5. Book: Pocketbook of radiographic positioning

    Sutherland, Ruth / Thomson, Calum

    2007  

    Title variant Radiographic positioning
    Author's details Ruth Sutherland, Calum Thomson ; foreword by Donald Graham
    MeSH term(s) Radiography/methods ; Posture
    Language English
    Size xvii, 154 p. :, ill. +
    Edition 3rd ed.
    Publisher Churchill Livingstone Elsevier
    Publishing place Edinburgh ; New York
    Document type Book
    Accompanying material 1 CD-ROM (3 in.)
    ISBN 9780443103308 ; 0443103305
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  6. Article ; Online: How we equip undergraduates with prioritisation skills using simulated teaching scenarios.

    McGlynn, Mairi Celine / Scott, Hazel R / Thomson, Calum / Peacock, Sheelagh / Paton, Catie

    Medical teacher

    2012  Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) 526–529

    Abstract: Background: Goldacre et al. [Goldacre MJ, Lambert T, Evans J, Turner G. 2003. PRHO views' on whether their experience at medical school prepared them well for their jobs: National questionnaire survey. BMJ 326 (1):1011-1012.] undertook a study which ... ...

    Abstract Background: Goldacre et al. [Goldacre MJ, Lambert T, Evans J, Turner G. 2003. PRHO views' on whether their experience at medical school prepared them well for their jobs: National questionnaire survey. BMJ 326 (1):1011-1012.] undertook a study which showed that 40% of undergraduates felt under prepared for work by their undergraduate curriculum. Illing et al. [Illing J et al. 2008. A GMC report: Submitted to GMC.] demonstrated that one of four key areas, for which they felt least prepared, was prioritisation of tasks in the clinical setting.
    Aim: To equip undergraduates about to become Foundation year 1 with the prioritisation skills along with others highlighted by Illing in a very real yet safe environment.
    Methods: We devised a simulated teaching session 'an evening on call'. Each individual student had a 45 min session, held on mock wards where they were given a handover task list, and like a de facto on call would be paged by the wards at varying intervals. Tasks ranged from prescribing night sedation, interpretation of ECG and blood results to dealing with acute gastrointestinal bleeds. At the end of the session each student was given feedback on their prioritisation and patient management by an experienced medic.
    Results: Feedback from students rate this as one of the best ways to learn as they have responsibility for patients in a very safe yet real environment. They felt better prepared for the job they were about to do.
    Conclusion: Simulated teaching is a relatively easy yet effective way to teach prioritisation and other skills. We hope that our method is self-explanatory and could be adapted for other teaching groups or material.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence/standards ; Decision Making ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Humans ; Manikins ; Patient Simulation ; Scotland ; Self Efficacy ; Students, Medical/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.3109/0142159X.2012.668235
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  7. Article ; Online: Preparing medical students for clinical decision making: a pilot study exploring how students make decisions and the perceived impact of a clinical decision making teaching intervention.

    McGregor, Calum A / Paton, Catherine / Thomson, Calum / Chandratilake, Madawa / Scott, Hazel

    Medical teacher

    2012  Volume 34, Issue 7, Page(s) e508–17

    Abstract: Background: Junior doctors are frequently faced with making difficult clinical decisions and previous studies have shown that they are unprepared for some aspects of clinical decision making.: Aim: To explore medical students' feelings and strategies ...

    Abstract Background: Junior doctors are frequently faced with making difficult clinical decisions and previous studies have shown that they are unprepared for some aspects of clinical decision making.
    Aim: To explore medical students' feelings and strategies when responsible for making clinical decisions and to obtain students' views of the effectiveness of a clinical decision making teaching intervention.
    Methods: A teaching intervention was developed, consisting of a clinical decision making tool, a tutorial and scenarios within a simulated ward environment. A total of 23 volunteer students participated in individual interviews immediately after their simulator sessions. The qualitative data from the interviews were analysed to identify emerging themes.
    Results: Despite extended shadowing programmes, students feel unprepared for clinical decision making as FY1s, and lack effective decision making strategies. Experiencing complex decision making scenarios through individually orientated simulation results in students being subjectively more prepared for work as FY1s.
    Conclusion: Students continue to feel unprepared for the responsibility of clinical decision making. A teaching intervention, including simulated individual clinical scenarios, later in undergraduate training, appeared to be useful in improving medical students' decision making, specifically in relation to making a diagnosis, prioritising, asking for help and multi-tasking, but further work is required.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence/standards ; Decision Making ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Observation ; Pilot Projects ; Qualitative Research ; Random Allocation ; Self Efficacy ; Students, Medical/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.3109/0142159X.2012.670323
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  8. Article ; Online: Expression of ribosomal proteins in normal and cancerous human prostate tissue.

    Arthurs, Callum / Murtaza, Bibi Nazia / Thomson, Calum / Dickens, Kerry / Henrique, Rui / Patel, Hitendra R H / Beltran, Mariana / Millar, Michael / Thrasivoulou, Christopher / Ahmed, Aamir

    PloS one

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 10, Page(s) e0186047

    Abstract: Few quantifiable tissue biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer exist. Using an unbiased, quantitative approach, this study evaluates the potential of three proteins of the 40S ribosomal protein complex as putative biomarkers of ... ...

    Abstract Few quantifiable tissue biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer exist. Using an unbiased, quantitative approach, this study evaluates the potential of three proteins of the 40S ribosomal protein complex as putative biomarkers of malignancy in prostate cancer. Prostate tissue arrays, constructed from 82 patient samples (245 tissue cores, stage pT3a or pT3b), were stained for antibodies against three ribosomal proteins, RPS19, RPS21 and RPS24. Semi-automated Ox-DAB signal quantification using ImageJ software revealed a significant change in expression of RPS19, RPS21 and RPS24 in malignant vs non-malignant tissue (p<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics curves were calculated to evaluate the potential of each protein as a biomarker of malignancy in prostate cancer. Positive likelihood ratios for RPS19, RPS21 and RPS24 were calculated as 2.99, 4.21, and 2.56 respectively, indicating that the overexpression of the protein is correlated with the presence of disease. Triple-labelled, quantitative, immunofluorescence (with RPS19, RPS21 and RPS24) showed significant changes (p<0.01) in the global intersection coefficient, a measure of how often two fluorophore signals intersect, for RPS19 and RPS24 only. No change was observed in the co-localization of any other permutations of the three proteins. Our results show that RPS19, RPS21 or RPS24 are upregulated in malignant tissue and may serve as putative biomarkers for prostate cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostate/metabolism ; Prostate/pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/metabolism ; Ribosomes/genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Ribosomes/pathology ; Tissue Array Analysis
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor ; RPS24 protein, human ; Ribosomal Proteins ; ribosomal protein S19 ; ribosomal protein S21
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0186047
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  9. Article ; Online: mito-QC illuminates mitophagy and mitochondrial architecture in vivo.

    McWilliams, Thomas G / Prescott, Alan R / Allen, George F G / Tamjar, Jevgenia / Munson, Michael J / Thomson, Calum / Muqit, Miratul M K / Ganley, Ian G

    The Journal of cell biology

    2016  Volume 214, Issue 3, Page(s) 333–345

    Abstract: Autophagic turnover of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, is proposed to be an essential quality-control (QC) mechanism of pathophysiological relevance in mammals. However, if and how mitophagy proceeds within specific cellular subtypes in vivo remains ... ...

    Abstract Autophagic turnover of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, is proposed to be an essential quality-control (QC) mechanism of pathophysiological relevance in mammals. However, if and how mitophagy proceeds within specific cellular subtypes in vivo remains unclear, largely because of a lack of tractable tools and models. To address this, we have developed "mito-QC," a transgenic mouse with a pH-sensitive fluorescent mitochondrial signal. This allows the assessment of mitophagy and mitochondrial architecture in vivo. Using confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that mito-QC is compatible with classical and contemporary techniques in histochemistry and allows unambiguous in vivo detection of mitophagy and mitochondrial morphology at single-cell resolution within multiple organ systems. Strikingly, our model uncovers highly enriched and differential zones of mitophagy in the developing heart and within specific cells of the adult kidney. mito-QC is an experimentally advantageous tool of broad relevance to cell biology researchers within both discovery-based and translational research communities.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Kidney Cortex/cytology ; Kidney Cortex/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/cytology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitophagy ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Organ Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-07-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218154-x
    ISSN 1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
    ISSN (online) 1540-8140
    ISSN 0021-9525
    DOI 10.1083/jcb.201603039
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Targets of Wnt/ß-catenin transcription in penile carcinoma.

    Arya, Manit / Thrasivoulou, Christopher / Henrique, Rui / Millar, Michael / Hamblin, Ruth / Davda, Reena / Aare, Kristina / Masters, John R / Thomson, Calum / Muneer, Asif / Patel, Hitendra R H / Ahmed, Aamir

    PloS one

    2015  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) e0124395

    Abstract: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeCa) is a rare malignancy and little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of PeCa. The Wnt signaling pathway, with the transcription activator ß-catenin as a major transducer, is a key ... ...

    Abstract Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeCa) is a rare malignancy and little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of PeCa. The Wnt signaling pathway, with the transcription activator ß-catenin as a major transducer, is a key cellular pathway during development and in disease, particularly cancer. We have used PeCa tissue arrays and multi-fluorophore labelled, quantitative, immunohistochemistry to interrogate the expression of WNT4, a Wnt ligand, and three targets of Wnt-ß-catenin transcription activation, namely, MMP7, cyclinD1 (CD1) and c-MYC in 141 penile tissue cores from 101 unique samples. The expression of all Wnt signaling proteins tested was increased by 1.6 to 3 fold in PeCa samples compared to control tissue (normal or cancer adjacent) samples (p<0.01). Expression of all proteins, except CD1, showed a significant decrease in grade II compared to grade I tumors. High magnification, deconvolved confocal images were used to measure differences in co-localization between the four proteins. Significant (p<0.04-0.0001) differences were observed for various permutations of the combinations of proteins and state of the tissue (control, tumor grades I and II). Wnt signaling may play an important role in PeCa and proteins of the Wnt signaling network could be useful targets for diagnosis and prognostic stratification of disease.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, CD1/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7/metabolism ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Penile Neoplasms/genetics ; Penile Neoplasms/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Wnt4 Protein/genetics ; Wnt4 Protein/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antigens, CD1 ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; WNT4 protein, human ; Wnt4 Protein ; beta Catenin ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 (EC 3.4.24.23)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0124395
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