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Article ; Online: Long-term cancer and overall mortality associated with drinking water nitrate in the United States.

Mendy, Angelico / Thorne, Peter S

2024 Volume 228, Page(s) 82–84

Abstract: Objectives: Nitrate is a probable carcinogen regulated in drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen (NO: Study design: This study used a population-based ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Nitrate is a probable carcinogen regulated in drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen (NO Study design: This study used a population-based retrospective cohort design. Methods: We analyzed data from 2029 participants of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey followed for mortality until 2019 for a median of 13.9 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality associated with drinking water nitrate, adjusting for covariates that included socio-economic factors and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Drinking water nitrate was detected in 50.8 % of the samples, had a median concentration of 0.77 mg/L NO Conclusions: Levels of drinking water nitrate may be an overlooked contributor to cancer mortality in the United States.
MeSH term(s)	United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; Nitrates/analysis ; Drinking Water/analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Nitrates ; Drinking Water
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	427333-3
ISSN	1476-5616 ; 0033-3506
ISSN (online)	1476-5616
ISSN	0033-3506
DOI	10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.001
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Article ; Online: Environmental endotoxin exposure and asthma.

Thorne, Peter S

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

2021 Volume 148, Issue 1, Page(s) 61–63

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Asthma/immunology ; Endotoxins/immunology ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Humans ; Inflammation/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
Chemical Substances	Endotoxins ; Lipopolysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	121011-7
ISSN	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725 ; 0091-6749
ISSN (online)	1097-6825 ; 1085-8725
ISSN	0091-6749
DOI	10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.004
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Article ; Online: Identification of PCB congeners and their thresholds associated with diabetes using decision tree analysis.

Lan, Tuo / Liu, Buyun / Bao, Wei / Thorne, Peter S

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 18322

Abstract: Few studies have investigated the potential combined effects of multiple PCB congeners on diabetes. To address this gap, we used data from 1244 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. We used (1) classification ... ...

Abstract	Few studies have investigated the potential combined effects of multiple PCB congeners on diabetes. To address this gap, we used data from 1244 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. We used (1) classification trees to identify serum PCB congeners and their thresholds associated with diabetes; and (2) logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diabetes with combined PCB congeners. Of the 40 PCB congeners examined, PCB 126 has the strongest association with diabetes. The adjusted OR of diabetes comparing PCB 126 > 0.025 to ≤ 0.025 ng/g was 2.14 (95% CI 1.30-3.53). In the subpopulation with PCB 126 > 0.025 ng/g, a lower PCB 101 concentration was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (comparing PCB 101 < 0.72 to ≥ 0.72 ng/g, OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.27-8.55). In the subpopulation with PCB 126 > 0.025 & PCB 101 < 0.72 ng/g, a higher PCB 49 concentration was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (comparing PCB 49 > 0.65 to ≤ 0.65 ng/g, OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.06-7.35). This nationally representative study provided new insights into the combined associations of PCBs with diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Environmental Pollutants/analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Decision Trees
Chemical Substances	3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (TSH69IA9XF) ; 2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (803YVI5BNP) ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K) ; Environmental Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-45301-1
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Article: Identification of PCB Congeners and their Thresholds associated with Diabetes using Decision Tree Analysis.

Lan, Tuo / Liu, Buyun / Bao, Wei / Thorne, Peter S

Research square

2023

Abstract	Few studies have investigated the potential combined effects of multiple PCB congeners on diabetes. To address this gap, we used data from 1244 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. We used 1) classification trees to identify serum PCB congeners and their thresholds associated with diabetes; and 2) logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diabetes with combined PCB congeners. Of the 40 PCB congeners examined, PCB 126 has the strongest association with diabetes. The adjusted OR of diabetes comparing PCB 126 > 0.025 to ≤ 0.025 ng/g was 2.14 (95% CI 1.30-3.53). In the subpopulation with PCB 126 > 0.025 ng/g, a lower PCB 101 concentration was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (comparing PCB 101 < 0.72 to ≥ 0.72 ng/g, OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.27-8.55). In the subpopulation with PCB 126 > 0.025&PCB 101 < 0.72 ng/g, a higher PCB 49 concentration was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (comparing PCB 49 > 0.65 to ≤ 0.65 ng/g, OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.06-7.35). This nationally representative study provided new insights into the combined associations of PCBs with diabetes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-2845995/v1
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Article ; Online: Innovative compounds to reduce β-D-glucans, endotoxin, and allergens newly discovered on smartphones.

Ruran, Hana B / Tourigny, Lily / Thorne, Peter S / Metwali, Nervana

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global

2022 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–83

Abstract: Background: Eight-four percent of people own smartphones and view them 14 billion times daily, making them potential vectors for environmental hazards such as allergens, : Objective: We sought to determine (1) whether phones are reservoirs of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Eight-four percent of people own smartphones and view them 14 billion times daily, making them potential vectors for environmental hazards such as allergens, Objective: We sought to determine (1) whether phones are reservoirs of allergen, endotoxin, and BDGs and (2) if present, whether their levels can be effectively reduced by using specific cleaning methods. Methods: Electrostatic wipes used to wipe the phones of 15 volunteers were tested to determine their allergen, BDG, and endotoxin levels. Cleaning interventions were done on simulated phone models; 70% isopropyl alcohol, 0.184% benzyl and ethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Clorox nonbleach [The Chlorox Company, Oakland, Calif]), 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.05% cetylpyridinium, 3% benzyl benzoate, and 3% tannic acid wipes were used and compared with wipes with no solution (the control). Results: The smartphones showed high and variable levels of BDG and endotoxin. Cat and dog allergens were found mostly on the smartphones of pet owners. The combination of chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium significantly reduced BDG levels (mean 269 ng/wipe vs 1930 ng/wipe for the control [ Conclusions: There are elevated levels of BDG, allergens, and endotoxin on smartphones. The combination of chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium was the most effective in reducing BDG and endotoxin levels, and the combination of benzyl benzoate and tannic acid was most effective in reducing cat and dog allergen levels on smartphones.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-8293
ISSN (online)	2772-8293
DOI	10.1016/j.jacig.2022.10.002
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Article ; Online: In vitro

Haque, Ezazul / Jing, Xuefang / Bostick, Benjamin C / Thorne, Peter S

Journal of hazardous materials advances

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Lead contamination from gasoline, paint, pesticides, and smelting have unique chemical structures. Recent investigations into Pb speciation in urban soils and dusts from multiple sources have revealed emerging forms which differ from the initial sources. ...

Abstract	Lead contamination from gasoline, paint, pesticides, and smelting have unique chemical structures. Recent investigations into Pb speciation in urban soils and dusts from multiple sources have revealed emerging forms which differ from the initial sources. This results from reactions with soil constituents leading to transformation to new forms for which the bioaccessibilities remain uninvestigated. We investigated the
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2772-4166
ISSN (online)	2772-4166
DOI	10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100178
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Article ; Online: Distribution of 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) Metabolites in Adolescent Rats after Acute Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure.

Bullert, Amanda J / Li, Xueshu / Gautam, Binita / Wang, Hui / Adamcakova-Dodd, Andrea / Wang, Kai / Thorne, Peter S / Lehmler, Hans-Joachim

Environmental science & technology

2024 Volume 58, Issue 14, Page(s) 6105–6116

Abstract: Inhalation of PCB-contaminated air is increasingly recognized as a route for PCB exposure. Because limited information about the disposition of PCBs following inhalation exposure is available, this study investigated the disposition of 2,2',5,5'- ... ...

Abstract	Inhalation of PCB-contaminated air is increasingly recognized as a route for PCB exposure. Because limited information about the disposition of PCBs following inhalation exposure is available, this study investigated the disposition of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) and its metabolites in rats following acute, nose-only inhalation of PCB52. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (50-58 days of age, 210 ± 27 g; n = 6) were exposed for 4 h by inhalation to approximately 14 or 23 μg/kg body weight of PCB52 using a nose-only exposure system. Sham animals (n = 6) were exposed to filtered lab air. Based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), PCB52 was present in adipose, brain, intestinal content, lung, liver, and serum. 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol (4-OH-PCB52) and one unknown monohydroxylated metabolite were detected in these compartments except for the brain. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis identified several metabolites, including sulfated, methoxylated, and dechlorinated PCB52 metabolites. These metabolites were primarily found in the liver (7 metabolites), lung (9 metabolites), and serum (9 metabolites) due to the short exposure time. These results demonstrate for the first time that complex mixtures of sulfated, methoxylated, and dechlorinated PCB52 metabolites are formed in adolescent rats following PCB52 inhalation, laying the groundwork for future animal studies of the adverse effects of inhaled PCB52.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Inhalation Exposure/analysis ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism
Chemical Substances	2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (1EH557950R) ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.3c09527
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Article ; Online: Blood Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds Among US Workers From Various Trades.

Zhang, Kunqi / Lan, Tuo / Bao, Wei / Cui, Qingbin / Thorne, Peter S

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

2023 Volume 65, Issue 6, Page(s) 458–466

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to examine blood benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene (BTEX) concentrations and their trends contrasting construction workers with workers in other occupations from 1999 to 2014 in the United States. ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This study aimed to examine blood benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene (BTEX) concentrations and their trends contrasting construction workers with workers in other occupations from 1999 to 2014 in the United States. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, quantile regressions were performed to investigate associations between occupation and blood BTEX concentrations. Results: We found that high-risk and construction occupations were associated with increased blood concentrations of toluene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene at the 50-90th percentiles (P 50-90 ), and ethylbenzene at P 70-90 . Moreover, although blood concentrations of ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-/p-xylene trended down among all US workers, no decreasing trend was observed for benzene and toluene among construction workers. Conclusions: Future studies are warranted to address questions about specific tasks to better assess VOC exposure from various trades.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; Benzene/analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Xylenes ; Benzene Derivatives ; Toluene ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	4-xylene (6WAC1O477V) ; ethylbenzene (L5I45M5G0O) ; 2-xylene (Z2474E14QP) ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; Benzene (J64922108F) ; Xylenes ; Benzene Derivatives ; Toluene (3FPU23BG52)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223932-x
ISSN	1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
ISSN (online)	1536-5948
ISSN	1076-2752
DOI	10.1097/JOM.0000000000002809
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Article: Toxicity Assessment of 91-Day Repeated Inhalation Exposure to an Indoor School Air Mixture of PCBs

Wang, Hui / Adamcakova-Dodd, Andrea / Lehmler, Hans-Joachim / Hornbuckle, Keri C. / Thorne, Peter S.

Environmental science & technology. 2022 Jan. 07, v. 56, no. 3

2022

Abstract: School indoor air contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) released from older building materials and paint pigments may pose health risks to children, as well as teachers and staff, by inhalation of PCBs. The health effects of long-term ... ...

Abstract	School indoor air contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) released from older building materials and paint pigments may pose health risks to children, as well as teachers and staff, by inhalation of PCBs. The health effects of long-term inhalation exposure to PCBs are poorly understood. We conducted a comprehensive toxicity assessment of 91-day repeated inhalation exposure to a lab-generated mixture of PCBs designed to emulate indoor school air, combining transcriptomics, metabolomics, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to school air mixture (SAM+) at a concentration of 45.5 ± 5.9 μg/m³ ∑₂₀₉PCB or filtered air 4 h/day, 6 days/week for 13 weeks using nose-only exposure systems. The congener-specific PCB body burden was quantified in major tissues using GC-MS/MS. The generated SAM+ vapor recapitulated the target school air profile with a similarity coefficient, cos θ of 0.91. PCB inhalation yielded 875–9930 ng/g ∑₂₀₉PCBₗᵢₚᵢd wₑᵢgₕₜ levels in tissues in the following ascending order: brain < liver < lung < serum < adipose tissue. We observed that PCB exposure impaired memory, induced anxiety-like behavior, significantly reduced white blood cell counts, mildly disrupted metabolomics in plasma, and influenced transcription processes in the brain with 274 upregulated and 58 downregulated genes. With relatively high exposure and tissue loading, evidence of toxicity from half the end points tested was seen in the rats.
Keywords	adipose tissue ; air ; blood serum ; brain ; breathing ; environmental science ; females ; inhalation exposure ; liver ; lungs ; memory ; metabolomics ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; toxicity ; transcriptomics ; vapors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0107
Size	p. 1780-1790.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.1c05084
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Article: Occurrence and spatial distribution of individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in residential soils from East Chicago, southwest Lake Michigan

Martinez, Andres / Hua, Jason B.X. / Haque, Ezazul / Hornbuckle, Keri C. / Thorne, Peter S.

Science of the total environment. 2022 Dec. 01, v. 850

2022

Abstract: We report individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and the sum of all congeners (ΣPCB) in residential soils of East Chicago, Indiana. ΣPCB in soils ranged from 20 to 1700 ng/g dry weight (DW), with a geometric mean of 120 ng/g DW. These values are ... ...

Abstract	We report individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and the sum of all congeners (ΣPCB) in residential soils of East Chicago, Indiana. ΣPCB in soils ranged from 20 to 1700 ng/g dry weight (DW), with a geometric mean of 120 ng/g DW. These values are significantly higher than other locations, but similar or lower to locations nearby well-known PCB contamination sites. No PCB spatial distribution pattern was observed. PCB concentrations increase with total organic carbon in the soils and proximity to Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC), where sediments are contaminated with PCBs. Most samples are similar in their PCB distribution and Aroclor 1254 yielded the highest similarity to all the samples. A fifth of the samples highly resemble other PCB profiles such as EPA background and Cedar Rapids Iowa soils, and volatilization from Lake Michigan, whereas volatilization from IHSC could not explain the PCBs found in soils. IHSC was expected to be the main source of PCBs in the nearby soils. It is possible that soils are impacted by variety of known and unknown sources, including volatilization from Lake Michigan, resulting in a regional PCB signal. Although PCB concentrations are higher than other locations, samples were below the current US EPA non-cancer residential soil level remediation goal for dioxin TEQ.
Keywords	United States Environmental Protection Agency ; aroclors ; dioxins ; environment ; remediation ; soil ; total organic carbon ; volatilization ; Indiana ; Iowa ; Lake Michigan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157705
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