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  1. Article ; Online: Specifications for anti-A and anti-B in intravenous immunoglobulin: history and rationale.

    Thorpe, Susan J

    Transfusion

    2015  Volume 55 Suppl 2, Page(s) S80–5

    Abstract: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products are generally safe and efficacious, although treatment-related adverse reactions can occur in recipients. Adverse reactions include hemolysis in non-blood group O recipients linked to the passive transfer of ... ...

    Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products are generally safe and efficacious, although treatment-related adverse reactions can occur in recipients. Adverse reactions include hemolysis in non-blood group O recipients linked to the passive transfer of anti-A and/or anti-B present in the fractionated immunoglobulin product. In light of the recent increase in reported cases of severe hemolysis associated with anti-A and/or anti-B, this article traces the development of pharmacopoeial specifications, tests, and reference reagents to control their titers in IVIG products.
    MeSH term(s) ABO Blood-Group System/immunology ; Hemolysis/drug effects ; Hemolysis/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/immunology ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; Isoantibodies/adverse effects ; Isoantibodies/immunology
    Chemical Substances ABO Blood-Group System ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Isoantibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.13091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The development and role of international biological reference materials in the diagnosis of anaemia.

    Thorpe, Susan J

    Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization

    2010  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 449–458

    Abstract: Anaemia is a major global health problem. Although the main cause is iron deficiency, anaemia also results from other nutritional deficiencies (folate and vitamin B12), haemolytic disorders including haemoglobinopathies, and bone marrow disorders. ... ...

    Abstract Anaemia is a major global health problem. Although the main cause is iron deficiency, anaemia also results from other nutritional deficiencies (folate and vitamin B12), haemolytic disorders including haemoglobinopathies, and bone marrow disorders. Accurate diagnosis of anaemia is dependent on reliable diagnostic tests and reference ranges, which in turn are dependent on effective standardisation. Standardisation is achieved through the availability of reference materials and reference measurement procedures. International biological reference materials have therefore been developed to standardise and control diagnostic tests for anaemia for a diverse range of analytes including total haemoglobin and haemoglobin types, ferritin, the serum transferrin receptor, serum vitamin B12 and folate, whole blood folate, and alloantibodies which mediate immune haemolytic anaemia.
    MeSH term(s) Anemia/blood ; Anemia/diagnosis ; Ferritins/blood ; Ferritins/standards ; Folic Acid/blood ; Folic Acid/standards ; Hemoglobins/standards ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Receptors, Transferrin/blood ; Reference Standards ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vitamin B 12/blood ; Vitamin B 12/standards
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins ; Receptors, Transferrin ; Ferritins (9007-73-2) ; Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1017370-5
    ISSN 1095-8320 ; 1045-1056
    ISSN (online) 1095-8320
    ISSN 1045-1056
    DOI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.02.007
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  3. Book: WHO reference reagent for the serum transferrin receptor (sTfR)

    Thorpe, Susan J

    2009  

    Institution WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization
    Author's details Susan J. Thorpe ... [et al.]
    MeSH term(s) Receptors, Transferrin/isolation & purification ; Immunoassay/standards ; Indicators and Reagents/standards ; Reference Standards
    Language English
    Size 25 p. :, ill.
    Publisher World Health Organization
    Publishing place Geneva
    Document type Book
    Note Caption title. ; At head of title: Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, Geneva, 15 to 19 November 2004. ; "WHO/BS/09.2104".
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  4. Book: International standard for minimum potency of anti-D blood grouping reagents

    Thorpe, Susan J

    report of the international collaborative study to evaluate a proposed WHO international standard for minimum potency of anti-D blood grouping reagents

    2005  

    Institution World Health Organization
    Author's details Susan J. Thorpe ... [et al.]
    MeSH term(s) Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/methods ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching/standards ; Indicators and Reagents/standards ; International Cooperation ; Reference Standards
    Language English
    Size 26 p. :, ill.
    Publisher World Health Organization
    Publishing place Geneva
    Document type Book
    Note Cover title. ; "WHO/BS/04.2000 Rev. 1"
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  5. Article ; Online: Priming moral self-ambivalence heightens deliberative behaviour in self-ambivalent individuals.

    Perera-Delcourt, Ramesh / Nash, Robert A / Thorpe, Susan J

    Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy

    2014  Volume 42, Issue 6, Page(s) 682–692

    Abstract: Background: Recent work on cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder has focused on the roles played by various aspects of self-perception. In particular, moral self-ambivalence has been found to be associated with obsessive- ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recent work on cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder has focused on the roles played by various aspects of self-perception. In particular, moral self-ambivalence has been found to be associated with obsessive-compulsive phenomena.
    Aims: In this study we used an experimental task to investigate whether artificially priming moral self-ambivalence would increase participants' deliberation on ethical problems, an index that might be analogous to obsessive-compulsive behaviour.
    Method: Non-clinical participants completed two online tasks designed to prime either moral self-ambivalence, general uncertainty, or neither. All participants then completed a task requiring them to consider solutions to moral dilemmas. We recorded the time participants took to respond to the dilemmas and the length of their responses; we then combined these variables to create a measure of deliberation.
    Results: Priming moral self-ambivalence led to increases in deliberation, but this was only significant among those participants who scored highly on a baseline measure of moral self-ambivalence. Priming general uncertainty had no significant effect upon deliberation.
    Conclusions: The results suggest that moral self-ambivalence may play a role in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive behaviour. We propose that individuals who are morally self-ambivalent might respond to situations in which this ambivalence is made salient by exhibiting behaviour with obsessive-compulsive characteristics. These findings have implications for the incorporation of ideas about self-concept into theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Male ; Moral Development ; Motivation ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology ; Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data ; Repetition Priming ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Uncertainty ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1168441-0
    ISSN 1469-1833 ; 1352-4658 ; 0141-3473
    ISSN (online) 1469-1833
    ISSN 1352-4658 ; 0141-3473
    DOI 10.1017/S1352465813000507
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  6. Book: International reference reagents to standardize haemagglutination testing for anti-D in normal intravenous immunoglobulin products

    Thorpe, Susan J

    report of the international collaborative study to evaluate candidate international reference reagents

    2004  

    Institution WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization
    Author's details Susan J. Thorpe ... [et al.]
    MeSH term(s) Hemagglutination Tests/standards ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin/analysis ; Indicators and Reagents ; Reference Standards
    Language English
    Size 19 p. :, ill.
    Publisher World Health Organization
    Publishing place Geneva
    Document type Book
    Note Caption title. ; At head of title: Expert Committee on Biological Standardization, Geneva, 15 to 19 November 2004. ; "WHO/BS/04.2002."
    Database Catalogue of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM)

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  7. Article ; Online: An International Standard for holotranscobalamin (holoTC): international collaborative study to assign a holoTC value to the International Standard for vitamin B12 and serum folate.

    Thorpe, Susan J / Rigsby, Peter / Roberts, Graham / Lee, Anne / Hamilton, Malcolm / Craig, David

    Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

    2016  Volume 54, Issue 9, Page(s) 1467–1472

    Abstract: Background: Investigation of possible B12 and folate deficiencies requires measurement of these vitamins in serum. There is evidence that holotranscobalamin (holoTC), the active portion of B12 available to cells, is a more specific marker of early B12 ... ...

    Abstract Background: Investigation of possible B12 and folate deficiencies requires measurement of these vitamins in serum. There is evidence that holotranscobalamin (holoTC), the active portion of B12 available to cells, is a more specific marker of early B12 deficiency than total B12. The availability of immunoassays for holoTC prompted an international collaborative study to assign a holoTC value to the World Health Organization (WHO) 1st International Standard (IS) for vitamin B12 and serum folate, 03/178.
    Methods: The IS, 03/178, and three serum samples with different holoTC levels were assayed by 12 laboratories in eight countries using manual and automated immunoassays for holoTC; one laboratory additionally performed an in-house assay. Fourteen sets of data were analysed.
    Results: Overall, the IS, 03/178, and the three serum samples demonstrated assay linearity and parallelism. An overall geometric mean (GM) holoTC value of 106.8 pmol/L was obtained for 03/178, with an inter-laboratory geometric coefficient of variation (GCV) of 10.5%. There was a reduction in inter-laboratory variability when the holoTC levels in the serum samples were determined relative to the IS with an assigned holoTC value rather than to the assays' calibration. Accelerated degradation studies showed that 03/178 was sufficiently stable to serve as an IS for holoTC.
    Conclusions: The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization endorsed the proposal to assign a holoTC value of 107 pmol/L to 03/178, corresponding to 0.107 pmol per ampoule, for use as the 1st IS for vitamin B12, serum folate, and holoTC.
    MeSH term(s) Automation ; Calibration ; Folic Acid/blood ; Humans ; Immunoassay/standards ; International Cooperation ; Laboratories/standards ; Transcobalamins/analysis ; Vitamin B 12/blood
    Chemical Substances Transcobalamins ; Folic Acid (935E97BOY8) ; Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1418007-8
    ISSN 1437-4331 ; 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
    ISSN (online) 1437-4331
    ISSN 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
    DOI 10.1515/cclm-2015-1167
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  8. Article ; Online: The 3rd International Standard for serum IgE: international collaborative study to evaluate a candidate preparation.

    Thorpe, Susan J / Heath, Alan / Fox, Bernard / Patel, Dina / Egner, William

    Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

    2014  Volume 52, Issue 9, Page(s) 1283–1289

    Abstract: Background: The measurement of serum IgE aids in the diagnosis and management of atopic allergic disease and hyper-IgE immunodeficiency syndromes. The 2nd World Health Organization (WHO) International Reference Reagent (IRR) for serum IgE (75/502; 5000 ... ...

    Abstract Background: The measurement of serum IgE aids in the diagnosis and management of atopic allergic disease and hyper-IgE immunodeficiency syndromes. The 2nd World Health Organization (WHO) International Reference Reagent (IRR) for serum IgE (75/502; 5000 IU/ampoule), is widely used to calibrate assays for serum IgE. Exhaustion of stocks of the 2nd IRR necessitated the production of a replacement preparation and its evaluation in an international collaborative study to determine its suitability to serve as the 3rd International Standard (IS) for serum IgE.
    Methods: Sera and defibrinated plasma with elevated IgE levels were pooled and lyophilised in ampoules. This preparation, coded 11/234, was assayed by 18 laboratories in 11 countries using commercial assay methodology for IgE, along with the 2nd IRR, 75/502, and two lyophilised serum samples.
    Results: Overall, there were no consistent differences in the way that the candidate IS (11/234), the IRR (75/502), and the two serum samples behaved in the assays with respect to linearity and parallelism. The mean IgE value of the candidate IS, 11/234, relative to the IRR, 75/502, was 13,411 IU/mL based on parallel line analysis of raw assay data at NIBSC, and 13,551 IU/mL based on the laboratories' own estimates after correcting for the values obtained for 75/502.
    Conclusions: The use of 11/234 will ensure that assays for serum IgE continue to be well standardised. The preparation was established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the 3rd IS for serum IgE with an assigned value of 13,500 IU/mL, corresponding to 6750 IU/ampoule.
    MeSH term(s) Analysis of Variance ; Blood Chemical Analysis/standards ; Blood Chemical Analysis/statistics & numerical data ; Freeze Drying ; Humans ; Immunoassay/standards ; Immunoassay/statistics & numerical data ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Immunoglobulin E/isolation & purification ; Indicators and Reagents/standards ; Laboratories ; Proteolysis ; Reference Standards ; World Health Organization
    Chemical Substances Indicators and Reagents ; Immunoglobulin E (37341-29-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1418007-8
    ISSN 1437-4331 ; 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
    ISSN (online) 1437-4331
    ISSN 1434-6621 ; 1437-8523
    DOI 10.1515/cclm-2014-0243
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  9. Article ; Online: The mediating roles of disgust sensitivity and danger expectancy in relation to hand washing behaviour.

    Thorpe, Susan J / Barnett, Julie / Friend, Katy / Nottingham, Kate

    Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy

    2011  Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) 175–190

    Abstract: Background: Recent interest in the role of vulnerability factors in obsessional washing has suggested that disgust sensitivity, danger expectancy and health anxiety may be of interest.: Aims: This study explores the differential impact of these ... ...

    Abstract Background: Recent interest in the role of vulnerability factors in obsessional washing has suggested that disgust sensitivity, danger expectancy and health anxiety may be of interest.
    Aims: This study explores the differential impact of these factors on both behavioural and cognitive measures of washing behaviour and is based on a replication of the Jones and Menzies (1997) experiment, during which participants immersed their hands in a noxious compound while rating themselves on a range of measures: the time they subsequently took to wash their hands was measured and danger expectancies were found to be the best predictor of this.
    Method: The present study added measures of disgust sensitivity and health anxiety to this experimental methodology while removing factors they found to be of little import to compulsive washing. Thirty non-clinical participants took part.
    Results: Results confirmed that disgust sensitivity was related to the behavioural measure of washing time, but that this relationship was almost entirely mediated by the danger expectancy concerning judgements of severity of consequent disease. However, a different pattern emerged when the outcome measure was questionnaire based: danger expectancy was not at all related to this. Disgust sensitivity mediated the relationship between health anxiety and scores on a questionnaire measure of washing compulsions. Interestingly, these scores were not related to the behavioural measure of washing time.
    Conclusions: The implications of these relationships to the further development of subtypes of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anxiety/diagnosis ; Anxiety/psychology ; Arousal ; Attitude to Health ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders/psychology ; Culture ; Dangerous Behavior ; Emotions ; Female ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Judgment ; Male ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology ; Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1168441-0
    ISSN 1469-1833 ; 1352-4658 ; 0141-3473
    ISSN (online) 1469-1833
    ISSN 1352-4658 ; 0141-3473
    DOI 10.1017/S1352465810000676
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  10. Article: Attitudes toward obsessive-compulsive disorders--an experimental investigation.

    Simonds, Laura M / Thorpe, Susan J

    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology

    2003  Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 331–336

    Abstract: Background: Fear, embarrassment and stigma are salient factors contributing to reluctance to seek help for psychological distress. Although vignette studies have often been employed to assess attitudes towards psychological disorders, no study has ... ...

    Abstract Background: Fear, embarrassment and stigma are salient factors contributing to reluctance to seek help for psychological distress. Although vignette studies have often been employed to assess attitudes towards psychological disorders, no study has specifically assessed attitudes towards Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
    Methods: An experimental study assessing attitudes toward obsessive-compulsive problems is presented. One hundred and thirteen undergraduate students were given vignettes describing three subtypes of obsessive-compulsive problem (harming, washing and checking). They were asked to make judgements about fear, shame and social acceptance, and to evaluate how they themselves might feel if they experienced the problems described in the vignettes.
    Results: The obsessive-compulsive problems described in the vignettes were evaluated differently in terms of shame, fear and social acceptance. The harming problems were rated as being the most unacceptable, followed by the washing behaviour, and then the checking behaviour.
    Conclusion: The findings suggest that attitudes to obsessive-compulsive problems are likely to be complex and that help-seeking influences may vary across the different subtypes of this disorder. The implications for people seeking help for obsessive-compulsive problems are pointed out.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Attitude to Health ; Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology ; Shame ; Stereotyping ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Refusal/psychology ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 623071-4
    ISSN 1433-9285 ; 0933-7954 ; 0037-7813
    ISSN (online) 1433-9285
    ISSN 0933-7954 ; 0037-7813
    DOI 10.1007/s00127-003-0637-0
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