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Article: Significance of Postprandial Insulin and Triglycerides to Evaluate the Metabolic Response of Composite Meals Differing in Nutrient Composition - A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

Thota, Rohith N / Moughan, Paul J / Singh, Harjinder / Garg, Manohar L

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 816755

Abstract: Background and aims: GlucoTRIG, based on postprandial plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations, has been recently developed as a novel index to determine the postprandial metabolic response to the meals. This study aimed to test GlucoTRIG as a ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: GlucoTRIG, based on postprandial plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations, has been recently developed as a novel index to determine the postprandial metabolic response to the meals. This study aimed to test GlucoTRIG as a measure for ranking composite meals for their metabolic effects. Methods: In a randomized cross-over trial, healthy adult volunteers (both males and females; Results: The GlucoTRIG values differed significantly ( Conclusions: GlucoTRIG is a physiologically based index that may be useful to rank composite meals for reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. Further research focusing on the application of GlucoTRIG to foods, meals, and diets is warranted.ACTRN12619000973112 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ANZCTR).
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2022.816755
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Article ; Online: Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels Are Associated with Poor Kidney Function in People with Type 2 Diabetes.

Kalagi, Nora A / Thota, Rohith N / Stojanovski, Elizabeth / Alburikan, Khalid A / Garg, Manohar L

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 4

Abstract: Previous studies have linked elevated plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels to poor renal function. The relationship between TMAO and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still unclear. We investigated the association between ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have linked elevated plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels to poor renal function. The relationship between TMAO and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still unclear. We investigated the association between plasma TMAO levels and CKD in patients with T2D. A cross-sectional study of 133 patients with T2D with or without CKD has been conducted. Blood biomarkers of kidney function, diabetes, and inflammation were assessed in the study participants. Plasma TMAO levels were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. People with T2D and CKD exhibited significantly higher plasma TMAO levels [10.16 (5.86-17.45) µmol/L] than those without CKD [4.69 (2.62-7.76) µmol/L] (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Kidney/physiology ; Methylamines ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	trimethyloxamine (FLD0K1SJ1A) ; Methylamines ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15040812
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Article ; Online: Association of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide to C-Peptide Ratio With Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study.

Thota, Rohith N / Wynne, Katie / Pradeepan, Shyamala / Wark, Peter A B / Garg, Manohar L

Pancreas

2022 Volume 51, Issue 8, Page(s) 1029–1036

Abstract: Objectives: Early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes (CFRD) improves health outcomes and reduces CF-related mortality. The study aims to evaluate the ratio of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) to C-peptide in CF patients with diabetes and ...

Abstract	Objectives: Early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes (CFRD) improves health outcomes and reduces CF-related mortality. The study aims to evaluate the ratio of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) to C-peptide in CF patients with diabetes and without diabetes. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in a prospective cohort of 33 participants (CF [n = 16] and CFRD [n = 18]). We examined the association of plasma IAPP:C-peptide ratio with clinical information, including glycated hemoglobin, and lung function markers. Results: The median (interquartile range) IAPP:C-peptide ratio was significantly (P = 0.004) higher in people with CFRD (4.8 [4.5]) compared with participants without CFRD (12.1 [19.7]). The ratio of IAPP to C-peptide significantly accounted for a 38% variation in the diabetes status in patients with CF (r2 = 0.399, P < 0.001). Islet amyloid polypeptide is strongly correlated with serum ferritin levels (r = 0.683, P = 0.005) and forced expiratory volume in CFRD, but not in nondiabetic participants with CF. Conclusions: Islet amyloid polypeptide:C-peptide ratio could be a potential marker of CFRD in adults with CF. Further research requires validation of this marker in longitudinal cohort studies to confirm the capability of IAPP:C-peptide to predict CFRD.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cystic Fibrosis/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis ; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ; C-Peptide ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus
Chemical Substances	Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ; C-Peptide
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632831-3
ISSN	1536-4828 ; 0885-3177
ISSN (online)	1536-4828
ISSN	0885-3177
DOI	10.1097/MPA.0000000000002134
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Article ; Online: Association between Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Control Study.

Kalagi, Nora A / Thota, Rohith N / Stojanovski, Elizabeth / Alburikan, Khalid A / Garg, Manohar L

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 10

Abstract: Animal and human studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to compare plasma TMAO levels in people with or without T2D and ... ...

Abstract	Animal and human studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to compare plasma TMAO levels in people with or without T2D and explore the association of TMAO and T2D. A prospective case-control study of 297 participants, 164 healthy controls and 133 patients with T2D, was conducted. TMAO levels were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Comorbidities, dietary patterns, physical activity, and blood biomarkers were assessed. Median (IQR) plasma TMAO levels were significantly higher in diabetes cases (4.95 (2.84−8.35) µmol/L) compared to healthy controls (3.07 (2.05−4.82) µmol/L) (p < 0.001). The association between TMAO and T2D was significant in the non-adjusted Model 1 (p < 0.001) and after adjusting for confounders of diabetes including age, BMI, and level of education in Model 2 (p = 0.04). When the association was further adjusted for physical activity and diet in Model 3, plasma TMAO levels at only the highest quartile (>6.40 µmol/L) were associated with the risk of diabetes (OR = 3.36, 95% CI [1.26, 9.04], p = 0.02). The results presented suggest an association between plasma TMAO levels and T2D. A significant correlation was found between red meat consumption and increased levels of TMAO in T2D patients. A longitudinal study is warranted to further evaluate the correlation between TMAO and T2D.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Methylamines ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Methylamines ; trimethyloxamine (FLD0K1SJ1A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14102093
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Article ; Online: Curcumin and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces insulin resistance and blood lipids in individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Thota, Rohith N / Acharya, Shamasunder H / Garg, Manohar L

Lipids in health and disease

2019 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 31

Abstract: Background: Lowering insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia may not only enhance glycaemic control but also preserve the β-cell function, reducing the overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of ...

Abstract	Background: Lowering insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia may not only enhance glycaemic control but also preserve the β-cell function, reducing the overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin and/or long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) supplementation on glycaemic control and blood lipid levels in individuals at high risk of developing T2D. Methods: This was a 2 × 2 factorial, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Participants were allocated to either double placebo (PL) or curcumin plus placebo matching for LCn-3PUFA (CC), or LCn-3PUFA plus placebo matching for curcumin (FO), or curcumin plus LCn-3PUFA (CC-FO) for twelve weeks. Primary outcome of the trial was glycaemic indices (HbA1C, fasting glucose and insulin). Insulin resistance and sensitivity is measured using homeostatic model assessment model. Results: A total of sixty-four participants (PL, n = 16; CC, n = 15; FO, n = 17, CC-FO, n = 16) were included in the final analysis. Post-intervention, HbA1c and fasting glucose remained unchanged across all the groups. Insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in the CC supplemented group (32.7 ± 10.3%) compared to PL (P = 0.009). FO and CC-FO tended to improve insulin sensitivity by 14.6 ± 8.5% and 8.8 ± 7.7% respectively, but the difference did not reach significance. Triglyceride levels were further increased in the PL (26.9 ± 7.4%), however, CC and CC-FO supplementation reduced the triglycerides, FO resulted in the greatest reduction in triglycerides (- 16.4 ± 4.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Reduction in insulin resistance and triglycerides by curcumin and LCn-3PUFA appears to be attractive strategies for lowering the risk of developing T2D. However, this study failed to demonstrate complimentary benefits of curcumin and LCn-3PUFA on glycaemic control. Trail registration: ACTRN12615000559516 .
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Curcumin/administration & dosage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Dietary Supplements ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Lipids/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides/blood
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Insulin ; Lipids ; Triglycerides ; Curcumin (IT942ZTH98)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2091381-3
ISSN	1476-511X ; 1476-511X
ISSN (online)	1476-511X
ISSN	1476-511X
DOI	10.1186/s12944-019-0967-x
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Article ; Online: GlucoTRIG: a novel tool to determine the nutritional quality of foods and meals in general population.

Thota, Rohith N / Moughan, Paul J / Singh, Harjinder / Garg, Manohar L

Lipids in health and disease

2020 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 83

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to develop a novel criterion, GlucoTRIG, to rank meals for healthiness, that considers both glycaemic (serum insulin) and lipaemic (serum triglycerides) responses.: Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were recruited with ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to develop a novel criterion, GlucoTRIG, to rank meals for healthiness, that considers both glycaemic (serum insulin) and lipaemic (serum triglycerides) responses. Methods: Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were recruited with the aim of deriving a standard GlucoTRIG value for a reference meal. Volunteers consumed the reference meal (2 regular slices of wholemeal bread; 250 mL chocolate flavoured milk; 7 g butter and 11 g peanut butter) comprising of carbohydrate, fat and protein (41, 40 and 16% energy respectively) on three different occasions with a minimum washout period of 3 days. The GlucoTRIG value was determined as the difference between the product of insulin and triglyceride obtained from venous blood samples at baseline and the product of insulin and triglyceride at 180 min. Results: There were no significant differences in the participants' dietary intakes and their metabolic parameters between three visits (P > 0.005). The GlucoTRIG value obtained from three mean values of the reference meal was found to be 19 ± 3.5. There were no significant (P = 0.2303) differences observed between the GlucoTRIG values for the three visits. Conclusion: GlucoTRIG, consisting of both glycaemic and lipaemic responses, may be a physiologically relevant tool to rank foods and meals for reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. Trial registration: ACTRN12619000973112.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diet/methods ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Male ; Meals/physiology ; Nutritive Value/physiology ; Postprandial Period ; Research Design ; Triglycerides/blood
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fats ; Dietary Proteins ; Insulin ; Triglycerides
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
ISSN	1476-511X
ISSN (online)	1476-511X
DOI	10.1186/s12944-020-01268-w
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Article: Association of Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain With Glycaemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Adults.

Thota, Rohith N / Chatterjee, Pratishtha / Pedrini, Steve / Hone, Eugene / Ferguson, Jessica J A / Garg, Manohar L / Martins, Ralph N

Frontiers in endocrinology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 915449

Abstract: Aims: This study aimed to determine the association of plasma neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neurodegeneration, with diabetes status and glycaemic parameters in people with normal glycaemia (NG), pre-diabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).: ... ...

Abstract	Aims: This study aimed to determine the association of plasma neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neurodegeneration, with diabetes status and glycaemic parameters in people with normal glycaemia (NG), pre-diabetes (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Clinical and descriptive data for the diagnostic groups, NG (n=30), PD (n=48) and T2D (n=29), aged between 40 and 75 years were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Plasma NfL levels were analyzed using the ultra-sensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) platform. Results: A positive correlation was evident between plasma NfL and fasting glucose (r = 0.2824; p = 0.0032). Plasma NfL levels were not correlated with fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Plasma Nfl levels were significantly different across the diabetes groups (T2D >PD >NG, p=0.0046). Conclusions: These results show biomarker evidence of neurodegeneration in adults at risk or with T2D. Larger sample size and longitudinal analysis are required to better understand the application of NfL in people with risk and overt T2D.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glycemic Control ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Intermediate Filaments ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2022.915449
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Article ; Online: Bioactive Yoghurt Containing Curcumin and Chlorogenic Acid Reduces Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women.

Ahmed Nasef, Noha / Thota, Rohith N / Mutukumira, Anthony N / Rutherfurd-Markwick, Kay / Dickens, Martin / Gopal, Pramod / Singh, Harjinder / Garg, Manohar L

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 21

Abstract: Menopause is marked by a gradual and permanent decrease of estrogen from the ovaries, leading to metabolic and physiological changes in the body. Combined with increased body mass index, postmenopausal women have elevated systemic inflammation and ... ...

Abstract	Menopause is marked by a gradual and permanent decrease of estrogen from the ovaries, leading to metabolic and physiological changes in the body. Combined with increased body mass index, postmenopausal women have elevated systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances leading to increased risk of developing chronic diseases. A bioactive coconut yoghurt containing curcumin and chlorogenic acid was developed with the potential to target inflammatory processes. In this randomized crossover study, healthy postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25-40 were recruited to consume 125 g of either the bioactive or placebo yoghurt. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 min, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h postprandially. Plasma inflammatory markers (TNFα and IL6) and metabolic markers (triglycerides, insulin and glucose) were measured. Participants had significantly lower plasma TNFα C
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Yogurt ; Curcumin ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Chlorogenic Acid ; Postmenopause ; Cross-Over Studies ; Inflammation/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Curcumin (IT942ZTH98) ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Chlorogenic Acid (318ADP12RI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14214619
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Article: Chlorogenic Acid Potentiates the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin in LPS-Stimulated THP-1 Cells

Bisht, Akshay / Dickens, Martin / Rutherfurd-Markwick, Kay / Thota, Rohith / Mutukumira, Anthony N / Singh, Harjinder

Nutrients. 2020 Sept. 04, v. 12, no. 9

2020

Abstract: The anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin are well documented. However, the bioavailability of curcumin is a major barrier to its biological efficacy. Low-dose combination of complimentary bioactives appears to be an attractive strategy for limiting ... ...

Abstract	The anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin are well documented. However, the bioavailability of curcumin is a major barrier to its biological efficacy. Low-dose combination of complimentary bioactives appears to be an attractive strategy for limiting barriers to efficacy of bioactive compounds. In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin in combination with chlorogenic acid (CGA), was investigated using human THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Curcumin alone suppressed TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner with a decrease in cell viability at higher doses. Although treatment with CGA alone had no effect on TNF-α production, it however enhanced cell viability and co-administration with curcumin at a 1:1 ratio caused a synergistic reduction in TNF-α production with no impact on cell viability. Furthermore, an qRT-PCR analysis of NF-κB pathway components and inflammatory biomarkers indicated that CGA alone was not effective in reducing the mRNA expression of any of the tested inflammatory marker genes, except TLR-4. However, co-administration of CGA with curcumin, potentiated the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin. Curcumin and CGA together reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α (~88%) and IL-6 (~99%)], and COX-2 (~92%), possibly by suppression of NF-κB (~78%), IκB-β-kinase (~60%) and TLR-4 receptor (~72%) at the mRNA level. Overall, co-administration with CGA improved the inflammation-lowering effects of curcumin in THP-1 cells.
Keywords	anti-inflammatory activity ; bioactive compounds ; bioavailability ; biomarkers ; cell viability ; chlorogenic acid ; curcumin ; dose response ; gene expression ; humans ; interleukin-6 ; lipopolysaccharides ; macrophages
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0904
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu12092706
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Postprandial lipaemia following consumption of a meal enriched with medium chain saturated and/or long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. A randomised cross-over study.

Austin, Grace / Ferguson, Jessica Ja / Thota, Rohith N / Singh, Harjinder / Burrows, Tracy / Garg, Manohar L

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2020 Volume 40, Issue 2, Page(s) 420–427

Abstract: Background & aims: Postprandial lipaemic response has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary fats such as medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) are known to reduce ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Postprandial lipaemic response has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dietary fats such as medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA) and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) are known to reduce postprandial lipaemic responses. The combination of the two could potentially have complementary and/or synergistic effects for optimising cardiovascular health. This study aims to investigate the effects of MCSFA (coconut oil) with or without LCn-3PUFA (fish oil) inclusion in the test meal on postprandial blood lipids in healthy adults. Methods: In a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial cross-over study, participants (n = 15) were randomised to receive four standardised isocaloric test meals. Test meals include: placebo [PL, containing no fish oil (0 g EPA & DHA) or coconut oil (0 g MCSFA)], fish oil [FO, 6 g fish oil (3.85 g EPA & DHA), containing no coconut oil (0 g MCSFA)], coconut oil [CO, 18.65 g coconut oil (15 g MCSFA), containing no fish oil (0 g EPA & DHA)] and coconut oil + fish oil [COFO, 18.65 g coconut oil (15 g MCSFA) + 6 g fish oil (3.85 g EPA & DHA)]; all providing a total fat content of 33.5 g. Participants received all four treatments on four separate test days with at least 3 days washout in between. Blood parameters were measured by finger pricks at 7 timepoints between 0 and 300min. The primary outcome of this study was the change in postprandial triglycerides (TG) concentrations with secondary outcomes as total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose concentrations. Results: TG area under the curve (AUC) (mmol/L/min) was significantly lower for FO (383.67, p = 0.0125) and COFO (299.12, p = 0.0186) in comparison to PL (409.17) only. TG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) (mmol/L/min) was significantly lower with COFO (59.67) in comparison to CO (99.86), (p = 0.0480). Compared to PL, the change in absolute TG concentrations (mmol/L) from baseline to post TG peak time (180min) after FO were significantly less at 240min (0.39 vs 0.15), 270min (0.2 vs 0.1), and 300min (0.28 vs 0.06), and after COFO was significantly less at 300min (0.28 vs 0.16) (p < 0.05). No significant differences in postprandial AUC and iAUC for any other blood parameters were reported. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that LCn-3PUFA with or without MCSFA but not MCSFA alone are effective in reducing postprandial TG in healthy individuals.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cholesterol/blood ; Coconut Oil/administration & dosage ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fish Oils/administration & dosage ; Food, Fortified ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/etiology ; Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood ; Male ; Meals/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Postprandial Period/drug effects ; Triglycerides/blood
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Dietary Fats ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fish Oils ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Triglycerides ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Coconut Oil (Q9L0O73W7L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604812-2
ISSN	1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
ISSN (online)	1532-1983
ISSN	0261-5614
DOI	10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.027
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