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Article ; Online: Continuous planting of Chinese fir monocultures significantly influences dissolved organic matter content and microbial assembly processes.

Zhou, Chuifan / Gao, Qianian / Tigabu, Mulualem / Wang, Shuzhen / Cao, Sheng / Yu, Yuanchun

2024 Volume 926, Page(s) 171943

Abstract: Monoculture plantations in China, characterized by the continuous cultivation of a single species, pose challenges to timber accumulation and understory biodiversity, raising concerns about sustainability. This study investigated the impact of continuous ...

Abstract	Monoculture plantations in China, characterized by the continuous cultivation of a single species, pose challenges to timber accumulation and understory biodiversity, raising concerns about sustainability. This study investigated the impact of continuous monoculture plantings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata [Lamb.] Hook.) on soil properties, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and microorganisms over multiple generations. Soil samples from first to fourth-generation plantations were analyzed for basic chemical properties, DOM composition using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, and microorganisms via high-throughput sequencing. Results revealed a significant decline in nitrate nitrogen content with successive rotations, accompanied by an increase in easily degradable compounds like carbohydrates, aliphatic/proteins, tannins, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen- (CHON) and Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur- (CHOS) containing compounds. However, the recalcitrant compounds, such as lignin and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs), condensed aromatics and Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen- (CHO) containing compounds decreased. Microorganism diversity, abundance, and structure decreased with successive plantations, affecting the ecological niche breadth of fungal communities. Bacterial communities were strongly influenced by DOM composition, particularly lignin/CRAMs and tannins. Continuous monoculture led to reduced soil nitrate, lignin/CRAMs, and compromised soil quality, altering chemical properties and DOM composition, influencing microbial community assembly. This shift increased easily degraded DOM, accelerating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, ultimately reducing soil carbon sequestration. From environmental point of view, the study emphasizes the importance of sustainable soil management practices in continuous monoculture systems. Particularly the findings offer valuable insights for addressing challenges associated with monoculture plantations and promoting long-term ecological sustainability.
MeSH term(s)	Dissolved Organic Matter ; Cunninghamia ; Nitrates/analysis ; Lignin/metabolism ; Tannins/analysis ; Tannins/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Organic Chemicals/analysis ; Sulfur Compounds/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Carbon/analysis ; Microbiota ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Oxygen/analysis
Chemical Substances	Dissolved Organic Matter ; Nitrates ; Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Tannins ; Soil ; Organic Chemicals ; Sulfur Compounds ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Hydrogen (7YNJ3PO35Z) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171943
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Article: Commercial Eucalyptus Plantations with Taungya System: Analysis of Tree Root Biomass

Edberg, Simon / Tigabu, Mulualem / Odén, Per Christer

Forests. 2022 Aug. 31, v. 13, no. 9

2022

Abstract: The increasing demand for wood, fiber, and pulp, coupled with efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, has placed immense importance on the development of forest plantations. The rapidly growing human population faces shortages of food, particularly ...

Abstract	The increasing demand for wood, fiber, and pulp, coupled with efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, has placed immense importance on the development of forest plantations. The rapidly growing human population faces shortages of food, particularly in the developing world where agricultural productivity is generally low. The taungya system, an age-old agroforestry practice involving the intercropping of crops with trees on the same unit of land, is opined as a win-win strategy to meet the need for wood products and food at the same time. In recent years, the taungya system has gained increasing attention from large forest companies as a tool and an opportunity to contribute to the social well-being of the local community. However, the effects of intercropping on the tree component are largely unexplored. Thus, this study was conducted to examine whether intercropping after 2 and 7 years has an effect on the root system of trees, thereby generating knowledge that supports evidence-based plantation management decisions involving the taungya system. To characterize the root system architecture, trenches were made on six young trees in both a pure Eucalyptus camaldulensis monoculture and intercropped stands (1111 trees/ha in both stands). To quantitatively estimate root biomass, a total of 324 soil cores (6 stands × 6 trees × 3 distances × 3 soil depths) were collected, and roots were sorted and dried to constant mass in an oven at 60 °C for 48 h. The root dry mass data were subjected to analysis of variance to examine the significant effects of intercropping, spacing, and stand age. The results show that the root system of E. camaldulensis was mainly confined to shallow depth but well elongated horizontally in both pure and intercropped stands with 4–6 thick lateral roots. The intercropping of rice/cassava with eucalypt had no effect on the total root dry mass of the tree component (p > 0.05) irrespective of the plantation spacing (5 m × 2 m or 9 m × 1 m); however, root biomass decreased with increasing horizontal distance from the tree base and in deeper soil layers, particularly for trees in young stands. The effects of spacing between trees, wide (5 m × 2 m) versus narrow (9 m × 1 m), on root dry mass were dependent on the horizontal and vertical distribution of the root system, and root biomass appeared to be higher at 40 cm soil depth for the stand with wide spacing between trees than for stands with narrow spacing. Root biomass was larger for older rather than younger trees in both monoculture and intercropped stands, suggesting the lack of a carry-over effect of intercropping on root biomass. In conclusion, this study provides evidence in support of intercropping as a win-win strategy to meet the short-term needs of food production while producing wood in the end. As root biomass varies with horizontal distribution, further research is recommended to test buffer zones between trees and crops other than 1m, which is currently used.
Keywords	Eucalyptus camaldulensis ; analysis of variance ; biomass ; cassava ; food production ; forests ; greenhouse gases ; human population ; intercropping ; ovens ; pulp ; rice ; root systems ; soil depth ; spatial distribution ; stand age ; taungya system ; trees ; wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0831
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f13091395
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Linking Microbial Decomposition to Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in the Revegetation of the Red Soil Erosion Area

Chen, Wenxin / Hu, Huaying / Heal, Kate / Sohi, Saran / Tigabu, Mulualem / Qiu, Weijuan / Zhou, Chuifan

Forests. 2023 Jan. 31, v. 14, no. 2

2023

Abstract: Studying the changes and linkages between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microorganisms in soils during vegetation restoration will help to understand the role of vegetation restoration in soil carbon sequestration and thus improve the understanding ... ...

Abstract	Studying the changes and linkages between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microorganisms in soils during vegetation restoration will help to understand the role of vegetation restoration in soil carbon sequestration and thus improve the understanding of the global soil carbon cycle. Soil DOM molecules were characterized by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and the results showed that the soil DOM consisted mainly of lignin/carboxylic rich alicyclic molecule (CRAM)-like structures, while the ratios of lipids and aliphatic/protein decreased in sequence with recovery time. Lipids and aliphatic/proteins with high H/C DOM (labile DOM) degrade preferentially, while lignin/CRAM-like structures and tannins with low H/C DOM (recalcitrant DOM) are recalcitrant during vegetation restoration. With the restoration of vegetation, DOM molecules tend to be diversified and complicated, and DOM compounds with low double bond equivalent (DBE), low aromatic, and low alkyl structures will be converted into persistent organic matter with high carbon numbers and high DBE. The diversity of soil microorganisms was determined by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria increased significantly after revegetation, while the abundance and diversity of soil fungi began to increase when the ecosystem became a more mature coniferous forest. The soil microbial community exhibited complex connectivity and strong interaction with DOM molecules during vegetation restoration. As most of the DOM molecules are recalcitrant, vegetation restoration facilitates C sequestration in the soil, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation.
Keywords	biodegradation ; carbon ; carbon sequestration ; climate change ; coniferous forests ; dissolved organic matter ; ecosystems ; land restoration ; lignin ; mass spectrometry ; soil ; soil erosion ; soil microorganisms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0131
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f14020270
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Intraspecific variations in leaf functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata provenances

Xu, Rui / Cheng, Shundan / Zhou, Jing / Tigabu, Mulualem / Ma, Xiangqing / Li, Ming

BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Dec., v. 23, no. 1 p.92-92

2023

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on intra-specific variability in leaf functional traits is important to evaluate adaptation of the species to predicted climate change, and to develop long-term conservation strategy. The main objectives were to investigate the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Studies on intra-specific variability in leaf functional traits is important to evaluate adaptation of the species to predicted climate change, and to develop long-term conservation strategy. The main objectives were to investigate the relationship between the functional traits leaves and C, N, P stoichiometry of Chinese fir from different geographical provenances and their relationship with the main environmental factors of provenance. RESULTS: In this study, we measured 12 leaf functional traits on 36-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata trees from 13 provenances. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine the variability. Redundancy analysis (RA) was computed to examine the relationship between geo-climatic factors of provenance origin and leaf functional traits while Pearson’s correlation coefficient was computed to assess inter-trait correlations. The results showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) in intraspecific leaf traits among provenances, except leaf P content. The relationships among leaf traits are consistent with the general trend observed in the leaf economic spectrum. Mean annual temperature appeared to be a key factor that influences intraspecific leaf traits variability compared to mean annual precipitation. CONCLUSION: These results provide useful insights about adaptation of leaf trait of Chinese fir in a changing climatic condition. Thus, our findings shed light on the importance of interspecific trait variability in Chinese fir and the potential effect of climate change.
Keywords	Cunninghamia lanceolata ; analysis of variance ; atmospheric precipitation ; climate change ; climatic factors ; intraspecific variation ; leaves ; provenance ; stoichiometry ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-12
Size	p. 92.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-023-04097-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Investigating Drought Events and Their Consequences in Wildfires: An Application in China

Yang, Song / Zeng, Aicong / Tigabu, Mulualem / Wang, Guangyu / Zhang, Zhen / Zhu, He / Guo, Futao

Fire. 2023 June 02, v. 6, no. 6

2023

Abstract: Understanding the impact of drought on fire dynamics is crucial for assessing the potential effects of climate change on wildfire activity in China. In this study, we present a series of multiple linear regression (MLR) models linking burned area (BA) ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the impact of drought on fire dynamics is crucial for assessing the potential effects of climate change on wildfire activity in China. In this study, we present a series of multiple linear regression (MLR) models linking burned area (BA) during mainland China’s fire season from 2001 to 2019, across seven regions, to concurrent drought, antecedent drought, and time trend. We estimated burned area using Collection 6 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectradiometer (MODIS) and drought indicators using either the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) or the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI). Our findings indicate that the wildfire season displays a spatial variation pattern that increases with latitude, with the Northeast China (NEC), North China (NC), and Central China (CC) regions identified as the primary areas of wildfire occurrence. Concurrent and antecedent drought conditions were found to have varying effects across regions, with concurrent drought as the dominant predictor for NEC and Southeast China (SEC) regions and antecedent drought as the key predictor for most regions. We also found that the Northwest China (NWC) and CC regions exhibit a gradual decrease in burned area over time, while the NEC region showed a slight increase. Our multiple linear regression models exhibited a notable level of predictive power, as evidenced by the average correlation coefficient of 0.63 between the leave-one-out cross-validation predictions and observed values. In particular, the NEC, NWC, and CC regions demonstrated strong correlations of 0.88, 0.80, and 0.76, respectively. This indicates the potential of our models to contribute to the prediction of future wildfire occurrences and the development of effective wildfire management and prevention strategies. Nevertheless, the intricate relationship among fire, climate change, human activities, and vegetation distribution may limit the generalizability of these findings to other conditions. Consequently, future research should consider a broad range of factors to develop more comprehensive models.
Keywords	climate change ; drought ; evapotranspiration ; fire season ; humans ; latitude ; population distribution ; prediction ; regression analysis ; wildfires ; wildland fire management ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0602
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	2571-6255
DOI	10.3390/fire6060223
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Provenance and family variations in early growth of Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) and selection of superior families.

Zhang, Qinhui / Chen, Su / Qu, Guanzheng / Yang, Yuchun / Lu, Zhiming / Wang, Jun / Tigabu, Mulualem / Liu, Jifeng / Xu, Lianfeng / Wang, Fang

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0298918

Abstract: This study, conducted in China in November 2020, was aimed at exploring the variations in growth traits among different provenances and families as well as to select elite materials of Juglans mandshurica. Thus, seeds of 44 families from six J. ... ...

Abstract	This study, conducted in China in November 2020, was aimed at exploring the variations in growth traits among different provenances and families as well as to select elite materials of Juglans mandshurica. Thus, seeds of 44 families from six J. mandshurica provenances in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces were sown in the nursery and then transplanted out in the field. At the age of 5 years, seven growth traits were assessed, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted as well as selection of provenance and families. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant (P < 0.01) differences in seven growth traits among different provenances and families, thereby justifying the pursuit of further breeding endeavors. The genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits ranged from 5.44% (branch angle) to 21.95% (tree height) whereas the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from 13.74% (tapering) to 38.50% (branch number per node), indicating considerable variability across the traits. Further, all the studied traits except stem straightness degree, branch angle and branch number per node, showed high heritability (Tree height, ground diameter, mean crown width and tapering, over 0.7±0.073), indicating that the variation in these traits is primarily driven by genetic factors. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (r > 0.8) between tree height and ground diameter (r = 0.86), tree height and mean crown width (r = 0.82), and ground diameter and mean crown width (r = 0.83). This suggests that these relationships can be employed for more precise predictions of the growth and morphological characteristics of trees, as well as the selection of superior materials. There was a strong correlation between temperature factors and growth traits. Based on the comprehensive scores in this study, Sanchazi was selected as elite provenance. Using the top-percentile selection criteria, SC1, SC8, DJC15, and DQ18 were selected as elite families. These selected families exhibit genetic gains of over 10% in tree height, ground diameter and mean crown width, signifying their significant potential in forestry for enhancing timber production and reducing production cycles, thereby contributing to sustainable forest management. In this study, the growth traits of J. mandshurica were found to exhibit stable variation, and there were correlations between these traits. The selected elite provenance and families of J. mandshurica showed faster growth, which is advantageous for the subsequent breeding and promotion of improved J. mandshurica varieties.
MeSH term(s)	Juglans/genetics ; Plant Breeding ; Trees ; Forests ; China
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298918
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Release of biogenic volatile organic compounds and physiological responses of two sub-tropical tree species to smoke derived from forest fire.

Guo, Yuxuan / Ma, Yuanfan / Zhu, Zhongpan / Tigabu, Mulualem / Marshall, Peter / Zhang, Zhen / Lin, Haichuan / Huang, Ziyan / Wang, Guangyu / Guo, Futao

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

2024 Volume 275, Page(s) 116250

Abstract: Forests emit a large amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Despite frequent occurrence of large forest fires in recent years, the impact of smoke stress derived from these forest fires on the ... ...

Abstract	Forests emit a large amount of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Despite frequent occurrence of large forest fires in recent years, the impact of smoke stress derived from these forest fires on the emission of BVOCs is largely unexplored. Thus, the aims of the study were to quantify the amount and composition of BVOCs released by two sub-tropical tree species, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba, in response to exposure to smoke. Physiological responses and their relationship with BVOCs were also investigated. The results showed that smoke treatments significantly (p < 0.001) promoted short-term release of BVOCs by C. lanceolata leaves than S. superba; and alkanes, olefins and benzene homologs were identified as major classes of BVOCs. Both C. lanceolata and S. superba seedlings showed significant (p < 0.005) physiological responses after being smoke-stressed where photosynthetic rate remained unaffected, chlorophyll content greatly reduced and Activities of anti-oxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde content generally increased with the increase in smoke concentration. Activities of anti-oxidant enzymes showed mainly positive correlations with the major BVOCs. In conclusion, the release of BVOCs following smoke stress is species-specific and there exists a link between activities of antioxidant enzymes and BVOCs released. The findings provide insight about management of forest fires in order to control excessive emission of smoke that would trigger increased release of BVOCs.
MeSH term(s)	Trees ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; Wildfires ; Antioxidants ; Smoking
Chemical Substances	Volatile Organic Compounds ; Antioxidants
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	436536-7
ISSN	1090-2414 ; 0147-6513
ISSN (online)	1090-2414
ISSN	0147-6513
DOI	10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116250
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Article ; Online: Intraspecific variations in leaf functional traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata provenances.

Xu, Rui / Cheng, Shundan / Zhou, Jing / Tigabu, Mulualem / Ma, Xiangqing / Li, Ming

BMC plant biology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 92

Abstract: Background: Studies on intra-specific variability in leaf functional traits is important to evaluate adaptation of the species to predicted climate change, and to develop long-term conservation strategy. The main objectives were to investigate the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Studies on intra-specific variability in leaf functional traits is important to evaluate adaptation of the species to predicted climate change, and to develop long-term conservation strategy. The main objectives were to investigate the relationship between the functional traits leaves and C, N, P stoichiometry of Chinese fir from different geographical provenances and their relationship with the main environmental factors of provenance. Results: In this study, we measured 12 leaf functional traits on 36-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata trees from 13 provenances. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine the variability. Redundancy analysis (RA) was computed to examine the relationship between geo-climatic factors of provenance origin and leaf functional traits while Pearson's correlation coefficient was computed to assess inter-trait correlations. The results showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) in intraspecific leaf traits among provenances, except leaf P content. The relationships among leaf traits are consistent with the general trend observed in the leaf economic spectrum. Mean annual temperature appeared to be a key factor that influences intraspecific leaf traits variability compared to mean annual precipitation. Conclusion: These results provide useful insights about adaptation of leaf trait of Chinese fir in a changing climatic condition. Thus, our findings shed light on the importance of interspecific trait variability in Chinese fir and the potential effect of climate change.
MeSH term(s)	Cunninghamia/genetics ; Plant Leaves/genetics ; Trees ; Geography ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-023-04097-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effects of forest fire smoke deposition on soil physico-chemical properties and bacterial community.

Zhu, Zhongpan / Ma, Yuanfan / Tigabu, Mulualem / Wang, Guangyu / Yi, Zhigang / Guo, Futao

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 909, Page(s) 168592

Abstract: The number of forest fires has increased globally, together with considerable smoke emission that significantly impacts the atmospheric environment and associated ecosystems. Most current studies have focused on the in situ effects of fire on the forest ... ...

Abstract	The number of forest fires has increased globally, together with considerable smoke emission that significantly impacts the atmospheric environment and associated ecosystems. Most current studies have focused on the in situ effects of fire on the forest ecosystem. However, the mechanisms by which smoke particles affect adjacent ecosystems are largely unexplored. In this study, a simulated forest fire combustion system was developed to evaluate the effect of different smoke concentrations (control, low and high) on soil physico-chemical properties of adjacent farmland at two soil depths. The abundance and diversity of bacterial community were also determined. The results showed that smoke deposition increased the contents of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the 0-10 cm soil layer; however, no significant changes in soil water content (SWC) and pH values was observed. The ACE(Abundance Coverage-based Fastimator) and Chao1 diversity indices of bacterial community generally showed a downward trend whereas the PD_whole_ tree diversity index increased after 180 d of smoke deposition. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria remained stable, while abundance of Firmicutes in soil decreased after 180 d of smoke deposition. Smoke deposition slightly affected the physical and chemical properties of the 10-20 cm soil, but the range of variation of the relative abundance and diversity dominant bacteria exceeded that of the 0-10 cm soil. A significant positive correlation was found between the soil properties and the alpha diversity indices during the first 30 d after smoke deposition; the correlation then decreased gradually. Redundancy analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were generally positively correlated with TC, TN, and SWC. As a whole, the study reveals that the effects of smoke deposition on soil physico-chemical properties and bacterial community depends on smoke concentration where relatively low concentration appears to be beneficial to soil bacterial community.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Soil/chemistry ; Wildfires ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Smoke/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Bacteria ; Proteobacteria ; Firmicutes ; Nitrogen/analysis
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Smoke ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168592
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Article: Regeneration Status and Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge for Cloud Forest Ecosystem Restoration in Ecuador

Mariscal, Ana / Tigabu, Mulualem / Savadogo, Patrice / Odén, Per Christer

Forests. 2022 Jan. 09, v. 13, no. 1

2022

Abstract: The importance of forests for biodiversity conservation has been well recognized by the global community; as a result, conservation efforts have increased over the past two decades. In Ecuador, the lack of integrated information for defining and ... ...

Abstract	The importance of forests for biodiversity conservation has been well recognized by the global community; as a result, conservation efforts have increased over the past two decades. In Ecuador, the lack of integrated information for defining and assessing the status of local ecosystems is a major challenge for designing conservation and restoration plans. Thus, the objectives of this study were (1) to examine the regeneration status of cloud forest remnants, some of which had experienced past human disturbance events, (2) to explore a local rural community’s traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) relevant for restoration and (3) to investigate the integration between TEK and ecological science-based approaches. A survey of regeneration status was conducted in four remnants of cloud forests (n = 16) in Cosanga, Napo Province, in the Andes of northeastern Ecuador. The species of young trees (0.5–5 m height) were identified over 0.16 ha. In-depth interviews of individuals from local communities (n = 48) were conducted to identify socio-ecologically important native species. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.001) in species richness and the stem density of seedlings and saplings in gaps. The stem density of Chusquea sp., a bamboo species, explained 63% of the variation in species richness and 48% of the variation in the abundance of seedlings and saplings between plots. Informants cited 32 socio-ecologically important species, of which 26 species were cited as sources of food and habitats for wildlife. The ranking of species based on a relative importance index and a cultural value index—taking into account both the spread of knowledge among local informants and the multiplicity of uses—revealed that Hyeromina duquei, Citharexylum montanum, Eugenia crassimarginata and Sapium contortum were traditionally the most valuable species for both humans and wildlife. Informants also recommended 27 species for future planting, of which 19 species were amongst the rarest species in the regeneration survey. In conclusion, the results demonstrate a synergy between TEK and ecological science-based approaches (regeneration survey) to natural ecosystem research. Thus, traditional ecological knowledge can provide insights into ecosystem–plant–animal interaction, and to identify native species useful for both humans and wildlife for forest restoration projects to reconnect isolated cloud forest fragments.
Keywords	Chusquea ; Eugenia ; Sapium ; anthropogenic activities ; bamboos ; biodiversity conservation ; ecosystems ; environmental knowledge ; forest restoration ; indigenous species ; regeneration surveys ; rural communities ; species richness ; tropical montane cloud forests ; wildlife ; Andes region ; Ecuador
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0109
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f13010092
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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