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  1. Book ; Online: Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Colour

    Banks, Andrew Clive / Lerebourg, Christophe / Ruddick, Kevin / Tilstone, Gavin / Vendt, Riho

    2020  

    Keywords Research & information: general ; VIIRS ; SNPP ; NOAA-20 ; DINEOF ; ocean color data ; data merging ; gap-filling ; ocean color radiometers ; radiometric calibration ; indoor intercomparison measurement ; agreement between sensors ; measurement uncertainty ; field intercomparison measurement ; Hyperspectral reflectance ; validation ; autonomous measurements ; ground-truth data ; system design ; downwelling irradiance ; satellite validation ; Fiducial Reference Measurements ; water reflectance ; satellite ; calibration ; solar diffusor ; SDSM ; desert trend ; lunar calibration ; RVS ; MODIS ; Aqua ; ocean color ; water-leaving radiance ; atmospheric correction ; Sentinel-3 OLCI ; Copernicus ; ocean colour ; system vicarious calibration ; fiducial reference measurement ; Lampedusa ; MOBY ; MarONet ; radiometry ; research infrastructure ; uncertainty budget ; satellite ocean colour ; fiducial reference measurements (FRM) ; calibration and validation ; SI traceability and uncertainty ; European Space Agency (ESA) ; Committee for Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) ; fiducial reference measurements ; SI-traceability ; Mediterranean Sea ; BOUSSOLE ; MSEA ; hyper-temporal dataset ; optical radiometry ; coastal environment ; observation geometry ; remote sensing reflectance ; ocean colour radiometers ; TriOS RAMSES ; Seabird HyperSAS ; field intercomparison ; AERONET-OC ; Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower ; remote sensing ; spectral irradiance comparison ; spectral radiance sources comparison
    Size 1 electronic resource (508 pages)
    Publisher MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publishing place Basel, Switzerland
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021046273
    ISBN 9783039430659 ; 3039430653
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Threshold indicators of primary production in the north-east Atlantic for assessing environmental disturbances using 21 years of satellite ocean colour

    Tilstone, Gavin H. / Land, Peter E. / Pardo, Silvia / Kerimoglu, Onur / Van der Zande, Dimitry

    Science of the Total Environment. 2023 Jan., v. 854 p.158757-

    2023  

    Abstract: Primary production (PP) is highly sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and can be used as an early warning indicator for disturbance in the marine environment. Historic indicators of good environmental status of the north-east (NE) Atlantic and north- ... ...

    Abstract Primary production (PP) is highly sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and can be used as an early warning indicator for disturbance in the marine environment. Historic indicators of good environmental status of the north-east (NE) Atlantic and north-west (NW) European Seas suggested that daily PP should not exceed 2–3 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ during phytoplankton blooms and that annual rates should be <300 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹. We use 21 years of Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS) Ocean Colour data from September 1997 to December 2018 to assess areas in the NE Atlantic with similar peak, climatology, phenology and annual PP values. Daily and annual thresholds of the 90th percentile (P90) of PP are defined for these areas and PP values above these thresholds indicate disturbances, both natural and anthropogenic, in the marine environment. Two case studies are used to test the validity and accuracy of these thresholds. The first is the eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull, which deposited large volumes of volcanic dust (and therefore iron) into the NE Atlantic during April and May 2010. A clear signature in both PP and chlorophyll-a (Chl a) was evident from 28th April to 6th May and from 18th to 27th May 2010, when PP exceeded the PP P90 threshold for the region, which was comparatively more sensitive than Chl a P90 as an indicator of this disturbance. The second case study was for the riverine input of total nitrogen and phosphorus, along the Wadden Sea coast in the North Sea. During years when total nitrogen and phosphorus were above the climatology maximum, there was a lag signature in both PP and Chl a when PP exceeded the PP P90 threshold defined for the study area which was slightly more sensitive than Chl a P90. This technique represents an accurate means of determining disturbances in the environment both in the coastal and offshore waters in the NE Atlantic using remotely sensed ocean colour data.
    Keywords case studies ; chlorophyll ; climatology ; coasts ; color ; dust ; ecosystems ; marine environment ; phenology ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton ; primary productivity ; remote sensing ; riparian areas ; satellites ; total nitrogen ; North Sea ; Primary production ; North-East Atlantic ; Baseline ; Thresholds ; Time series ; 90th percentile
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158757
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Determination of optical markers of cyanobacterial physiology from fluorescence kinetics.

    Courtecuisse, Emilie / Oxborough, Kevin / Tilstone, Gavin H / Spyrakos, Evangelos / Hunter, Peter D / Simis, Stefan G H

    Journal of plankton research

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 3, Page(s) 365–385

    Abstract: Compared to other methods to monitor and detect cyanobacteria in phytoplankton populations, fluorometry gives rapid, robust and reproducible results and can be ... ...

    Abstract Compared to other methods to monitor and detect cyanobacteria in phytoplankton populations, fluorometry gives rapid, robust and reproducible results and can be used
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 756271-8
    ISSN 0142-7873
    ISSN 0142-7873
    DOI 10.1093/plankt/fbac025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Threshold indicators of primary production in the north-east Atlantic for assessing environmental disturbances using 21 years of satellite ocean colour.

    Tilstone, Gavin H / Land, Peter E / Pardo, Silvia / Kerimoglu, Onur / Van der Zande, Dimitry

    The Science of the total environment

    2022  Volume 854, Page(s) 158757

    Abstract: Primary production (PP) is highly sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and can be used as an early warning indicator for disturbance in the marine environment. Historic indicators of good environmental status of the north-east (NE) Atlantic and north- ... ...

    Abstract Primary production (PP) is highly sensitive to changes in the ecosystem and can be used as an early warning indicator for disturbance in the marine environment. Historic indicators of good environmental status of the north-east (NE) Atlantic and north-west (NW) European Seas suggested that daily PP should not exceed 2-3 g C m
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158757
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Revised spectral optimization approach to remove surface-reflected radiance for the estimation of remote-sensing reflectance from the above-water method.

    Lin, Junfang / Lee, Zhongping / Tilstone, Gavin H / Liu, Xiaohan / Wei, Jianwei / Ondrusek, Michael / Groom, Steve

    Optics express

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 14, Page(s) 22964–22981

    Abstract: The effective sea-surface skylight reflectance (ρ) is an important parameter for removing the contribution of surface-reflected radiance when measuring water-leaving radiance (Lw) using the above-water approach (AWA). Radiative simulations and field ... ...

    Abstract The effective sea-surface skylight reflectance (ρ) is an important parameter for removing the contribution of surface-reflected radiance when measuring water-leaving radiance (Lw) using the above-water approach (AWA). Radiative simulations and field measurements show that ρ varies spectrally. To improve the determination of Lw (and then remote sensing reflectance, Rrs) from the AWA, we further developed a wavelength-dependent model for ρ to remove surface-reflected radiance, which is applied with a spectral optimization approach for the determination of Rrs. Excellent agreement was achieved between the AWA-derived and skylight-blocked approach (SBA)-obtained Rrs (coefficient of determination > 0.92, mean absolute percentage deviation < ∼ 11% for Rrs > 0.0005 sr
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.486981
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Optimising Multispectral Active Fluorescence to Distinguish the Photosynthetic Variability of Cyanobacteria and Algae.

    Courtecuisse, Emilie / Marchetti, Elias / Oxborough, Kevin / Hunter, Peter D / Spyrakos, Evangelos / Tilstone, Gavin H / Simis, Stefan G H

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1

    Abstract: This study assesses the ability of a new active fluorometer, the LabSTAF, to diagnostically assess the physiology of freshwater cyanobacteria in a reservoir exhibiting annual blooms. Specifically, we analyse the correlation of relative cyanobacteria ... ...

    Abstract This study assesses the ability of a new active fluorometer, the LabSTAF, to diagnostically assess the physiology of freshwater cyanobacteria in a reservoir exhibiting annual blooms. Specifically, we analyse the correlation of relative cyanobacteria abundance with photosynthetic parameters derived from fluorescence light curves (FLCs) obtained using several combinations of excitation wavebands, photosystem II (PSII) excitation spectra and the emission ratio of 730 over 685 nm (Fo(730/685)) using excitation protocols with varying degrees of sensitivity to cyanobacteria and algae. FLCs using blue excitation (B) and green−orange−red (GOR) excitation wavebands capture physiology parameters of algae and cyanobacteria, respectively. The green−orange (GO) protocol, expected to have the best diagnostic properties for cyanobacteria, did not guarantee PSII saturation. PSII excitation spectra showed distinct response from cyanobacteria and algae, depending on spectral optimisation of the light dose. Fo(730/685), obtained using a combination of GOR excitation wavebands, Fo(GOR, 730/685), showed a significant correlation with the relative abundance of cyanobacteria (linear regression, p-value < 0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.42). We recommend using, in parallel, Fo(GOR, 730/685), PSII excitation spectra (appropriately optimised for cyanobacteria versus algae), and physiological parameters derived from the FLCs obtained with GOR and B protocols to assess the physiology of cyanobacteria and to ultimately predict their growth. Higher intensity LEDs (G and O) should be considered to reach PSII saturation to further increase diagnostic sensitivity to the cyanobacteria component of the community.
    MeSH term(s) Fluorescence ; Phycobilisomes/metabolism ; Photosynthesis/physiology ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; Light
    Chemical Substances Phycobilisomes ; Photosystem II Protein Complex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s23010461
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Online: Identifying the biological control of the annual and multi-year variations in South Atlantic air–sea CO2 flux

    Ford, Daniel J. / Tilstone, Gavin H. / Shutler, Jamie D. / Kitidis, Vassilis

    eISSN: 1726-4189

    2022  

    Abstract: The accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere has been buffered by the absorption of CO 2 by the global ocean, which acts as a net CO 2 sink. The CO 2 flux between the atmosphere and the ocean, which collectively results in the ... ...

    Abstract The accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere has been buffered by the absorption of CO 2 by the global ocean, which acts as a net CO 2 sink. The CO 2 flux between the atmosphere and the ocean, which collectively results in the oceanic carbon sink, is spatially and temporally variable, and fully understanding the driving mechanisms behind this flux is key to assessing how the sink may change in the future. In this study a time series decomposition analysis was applied to satellite observations to determine the drivers that control the sea–air difference of CO 2 partial pressure ( Δ p CO 2 ) and the CO 2 flux on seasonal and inter-annual timescales in the South Atlantic Ocean. Linear trends in Δ p CO 2 and the CO 2 flux were calculated to identify key areas of change. Seasonally, changes in both the Δ p CO 2 and CO 2 flux were dominated by sea surface temperature (SST) in the subtropics (north of 40 ∘ S) and were correlated with biological processes in the subpolar regions (south of 40 ∘ S). In the equatorial Atlantic, analysis of the data indicated that biological processes are likely a key driver as a response to upwelling and riverine inputs. These results highlighted that seasonally Δ p CO 2 can act as an indicator to identify drivers of the CO 2 flux. Inter-annually, the SST and biological contributions to the CO 2 flux in the subtropics were correlated with the multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index (MEI), which leads to a weaker (stronger) CO 2 sink in El Niño (La Niña) years. The 16-year time series identified significant trends in Δ p CO 2 and CO 2 flux; however, these trends were not always consistent in spatial extent. Therefore, predicting the oceanic response to climate change requires the examination of CO 2 flux rather than Δ p CO 2 . Positive CO 2 flux trends (weakening sink for atmospheric CO 2 ) were identified within the Benguela upwelling system, consistent with increased upwelling and wind speeds. Negative trends in the CO 2 flux (intensifying sink for ...
    Subject code 511 ; 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-09
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Consistency between Satellite Ocean Colour Products under High Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter Absorption in the Baltic Sea

    Tilstone, Gavin H. / Pardo, Silvia / Simis, Stefan G. H. / Qin, Ping / Selmes, Nick / Dessailly, David / Kwiatkowska, Ewa

    Remote Sensing. 2021 Dec. 25, v. 14, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: Ocean colour (OC) remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring phytoplankton in the global ocean. In optically complex waters such as the Baltic Sea, relatively efficient light absorption by substances other than phytoplankton increases product ... ...

    Abstract Ocean colour (OC) remote sensing is an important tool for monitoring phytoplankton in the global ocean. In optically complex waters such as the Baltic Sea, relatively efficient light absorption by substances other than phytoplankton increases product uncertainty. Sentinel-3 OLCI-A, Suomi-NPP VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua OC radiometric products were assessed using Baltic Sea in situ remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) from ferry tracks (Alg@line) and at two Aerosol Robotic Network for Ocean Colour (AERONET-OC) sites from April 2016 to September 2018. A range of atmospheric correction (AC) processors for OLCI-A were evaluated. POLYMER performed best with <23 relative % difference at 443, 490 and 560 nm compared to in situ Rrs and 28% at 665 nm, suggesting that using this AC for deriving Chl a will be the most accurate. Suomi-VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua underestimated Rrs by 35, 29, 22 and 39% and 34, 22, 17 and 33% at 442, 486, 560 and 671 nm, respectively. The consistency between different AC processors for OLCI-A and MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS products was relatively poor. Applying the POLYMER AC to OLCI-A, MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS may produce the most accurate Rrs and Chl a products and OC time series for the Baltic Sea.
    Keywords absorption ; color ; governmental programs and projects ; oceans ; phytoplankton ; polymers ; radiometry ; reflectance ; satellites ; time series analysis ; uncertainty ; Baltic Sea
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1225
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2513863-7
    ISSN 2072-4292
    ISSN 2072-4292
    DOI 10.3390/rs14010089
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Book ; Online: Derivation of seawater pCO2 from net community production identifies the South Atlantic Ocean as a CO2 source

    Ford, Daniel / Tilstone, Gavin H. / Shutler, Jamie D. / Kitidis, Vassilis

    eISSN: 1726-4189

    2021  

    Abstract: A key step in assessing the global carbon budget is the determination of the partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater (pCO 2 (sw) ). Spatially complete observational fields of pCO 2 (sw) are routinely produced for regional and global ocean carbon budget ... ...

    Abstract A key step in assessing the global carbon budget is the determination of the partial pressure of CO 2 in seawater (pCO 2 (sw) ). Spatially complete observational fields of pCO 2 (sw) are routinely produced for regional and global ocean carbon budget assessments by extrapolating sparse in situ measurements of pCO 2 (sw) using satellite observations. Within these schemes, satellite chlorophyll a (Chl a ) is often used as a proxy for the biological drawdown or release of CO 2 . Chl a does not however quantify carbon fixed through photosynthesis and then respired, which is determined by net community production (NCP). In this study, pCO 2 (sw) over the South Atlantic Ocean is estimated using a feed forward neural network (FNN) scheme and either satellite derived NCP, net primary production (NPP) or Chl a to compare which biological proxy is the most accurate. Estimates of pCO 2 (sw) using NCP, NPP or Chl a were similar, but NCP was more accurate for the Amazon Plume and upwelling regions, which were not fully reproduced when using Chl a or NPP. Reducing the uncertainties in the satellite biological parameters to estimate pCO 2 (sw) , illustrated further improvement and greater differences for NCP compared to NPP or Chl a . Using NCP to estimate pCO 2 (sw) showed that the South Atlantic Ocean is a CO 2 source, whereas if no biological parameters are used in the FNN (following existing annual carbon assessments), this region becomes a sink for CO 2 . These results highlight that using NCP improved the accuracy of estimating pCO 2 (sw) , and changes the South Atlantic Ocean from a CO 2 sink to a source. Reducing the uncertainties in NCP derived from satellite parameters will further improve our ability to quantify the global ocean CO 2 sink.
    Subject code 551 ; 290
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-02
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Performance of Ocean Colour Chlorophyll a algorithms for Sentinel-3 OLCI, MODIS-Aqua and Suomi-VIIRS in open-ocean waters of the Atlantic

    Tilstone, Gavin H / Pardo, Silvia / Dall'Olmo, Giorgio / Brewin, Robert J.W / Nencioli, Francesco / Dessailly, David / Kwiatkowska, Ewa / Casal, Tania / Donlon, Craig

    Remote sensing of environment. 2021 July, v. 260

    2021  

    Abstract: The proxy for phytoplankton biomass, Chlorophyll a (Chl a), is an important variable to assess the health and state of the oceans which are under increasing anthropogenic pressures. Prior to the operational use of satellite ocean-colour Chl a to monitor ... ...

    Abstract The proxy for phytoplankton biomass, Chlorophyll a (Chl a), is an important variable to assess the health and state of the oceans which are under increasing anthropogenic pressures. Prior to the operational use of satellite ocean-colour Chl a to monitor the oceans, rigorous assessments of algorithm performance are necessary to select the most suitable products. Due to their inaccessibility, the oligotrophic open-ocean gyres are under-sampled and therefore under-represented in global in situ data sets. The Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) campaigns fill the sampling gap in Atlantic oligotrophic waters. In-water underway spectrophotometric data were collected on three AMT field campaigns in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to assess the performance of Sentinel-3A (S3-A) and Sentinel-3B (S3-B) Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) products. Three Chl a algorithms for OLCI were compared: Processing baseline (pb) 2, which uses the ocean colour 4 band ratio algorithm (OC4Me); pb 3 (OL_L2M.003.00) which uses OC4Me and a colour index (CI); and POLYMER v4.8 which models atmosphere and water reflectance and retrieves Chl a as a part of its spectral matching inversion. The POLYMER Chl a for S-3A OLCI performed best. The S-3A OLCI pb 2 tended to under-estimate Chl a especially at low concentrations, while the updated OL_L2M.003.00 provided significant improvements at low concentrations. OLCI data were also compared to MODIS-Aqua (R2018 processing) and Suomi-NPP VIIRS standard products. MODIS-Aqua exhibited good performance similar to OLCI POLYMER whereas Suomi-NPP VIIRS exhibited a slight under-estimate at higher Chl a values. The reasons for the differences were that S-3A OLCI pb 2 Rᵣₛ were over-estimated at blue bands which caused the under-estimate in Chl a. There were also some artefacts in the Rᵣₛ spectral shape of VIIRS which caused Chl a to be under-estimated at values >0.1 mg m⁻³. In addition, using in situ Rᵣₛ to compute Chl a with OC4Me we found a bias of 25% for these waters, related to the implementation of the OC4ME algorithm for S-3A OLCI. By comparison, the updated OLCI processor OL_L2M.003.00 significantly improved the Chl a retrievals at lower concentrations corresponding to the AMT measurements. S-3A and S-3B OLCI Chl a products were also compared during the Sentinel-3 mission tandem phase (the period when S-3A and S-3B were flying 30 sec apart along the same orbit). Both S-3A and S-3B OLCI pb 2 under-estimated Chl a especially at low values and the trend was greater for S-3A compared to S-3B. The performance of OLCI was improved by using either OL_L2M.003.00 or POLYMER Chl a. Analysis of coincident satellite images for S-3A OLCI, MODIS-Aqua and VIIRS as composites and over large areas illustrated that OLCI POLYMER gave the highest Chl a concentrations and percentage (%) coverage over the north and south Atlantic gyres, and OLCI pb 2 produced the lowest Chl a and % coverage.
    Keywords algorithms ; biomass ; chlorophyll ; color ; environment ; phytoplankton ; polymers ; reflectance ; satellites
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-07
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 431483-9
    ISSN 0034-4257
    ISSN 0034-4257
    DOI 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112444
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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