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  1. Article ; Online: Sex differences in pulmonary function parameters among Indigenous Australians with and without chronic airway disease

    Subash S. Heraganahally / Timothy Howarth / Lisa Sorger / Helmi Ben Saad

    PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

    2022  Volume 2

    Abstract: Background Studies assessing normative values and sex differences in pulmonary function test parameters (PFTPs) among Indigenous populations are sparse. Methods PFTPs were compared between male and female Indigenous Australian adults with and without ... ...

    Abstract Background Studies assessing normative values and sex differences in pulmonary function test parameters (PFTPs) among Indigenous populations are sparse. Methods PFTPs were compared between male and female Indigenous Australian adults with and without chest radiologically proven chronic airway diseases (CADs). Results 485 adults (56% were female) with no significant difference in age, body mass index or smoking status between sexes were included. Females displayed a higher prevalence of radiology without CADs compared to males (66 vs. 52%, respectively). Among patients without CADs, after adjustment for age, stature and smoking, males displayed significantly higher absolute values of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (mean difference, 0.41L (0.21,0.62), p<0.001) and Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (mean difference 0.27L (0.07,0.47), p<0.001), with no significant difference in FEV1/FVC ratio (mean difference -0.02 (-0.06, 0.02), p = 0.174). Male and female patients with radiologically proven CADs demonstrated lower FEV1/FVC values. However, compared to females, males showed significantly greater reductions in pre- [-0.53 (-0.74, -0.32) vs. -0.29 (-0.42, -0.16), p = 0.045] and post- [-0.51 (-0.72, -0.3) vs. -0.27 (-0.39, -0.14), p = 0.049] bronchodilator FEV1. Conclusions There are significant sex differences in the PFTPs among Indigenous Australians. Recognising these differences may be of value in the accurate diagnosis, management, monitoring and prognostication of CADs in this population.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590 ; 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Comparison of diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) between Indigenous Australians and Australian Caucasian adults.

    Timothy Howarth / Helmi Ben Saad / Ara J Perez / Charmain B Atos / Elisha White / Subash S Heraganahally

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 4, p e

    2021  Volume 0248900

    Abstract: Background and objective Currently there is paucity of evidence in the literature in relation to normative values for diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) among Indigenous Australians. Hence, in this study we ... ...

    Abstract Background and objective Currently there is paucity of evidence in the literature in relation to normative values for diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) among Indigenous Australians. Hence, in this study we assessed the DLCO and TLC parameters among Indigenous Australians in comparison to Australian Caucasian counterparts. Methods DLCO and TLC values were assessed and compared between Indigenous Australians and Australian Caucasians matched for age, sex and body mass index, with normal chest radiology. Results Of the 1350 and 5634 pulmonary function tests assessed in Indigenous Australian and Australian Caucasian adults respectively, a total of 129 Indigenous Australians and 197 Australian Caucasians met the inclusion criteria. Absolute DLCO and TLC values for Indigenous Australians were a mean 4.3 ml/min/mmHg (95% CI 2.86, 5.74) and 1.03 L (95% CI 0.78, 1.27) lower than Australian Caucasians (p<0.01). Percentage predicted values were 15.38 (95% CI 11.59, 19.17) and 16.63 (95% CI 13.59, 19.68) points lower for DLCO and TLC, respectively. Lower limit of normal (LLN) values did not significantly differ between groups, however a significantly greater proportion of Indigenous Australians recorded values below the LLN in comparison to Australian Caucasians for DLCO (64 vs. 25%, p<0.01) and TLC (66 vs. 21%, p<0.01). Significant differences for the interaction of sex on DLCO and TLC were noted in Australian Caucasians, with reduced or absent sex differentiation among Indigenous Australians. Conclusions There are significant differences in DLCO and TLC parameters between Indigenous Australian compared to Australian Caucasians. Appropriate DLCO and TLC norms need to be established for Indigenous Australians.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 820
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Sleep disorders among Aboriginal Australians with Machado-Joseph Disease

    Desireé LaGrappe / Libby Massey / Anuk Kruavit / Timothy Howarth / Gayangwa Lalara / Bronwyn Daniels / Julie Gungunbuy Wunungmurra / Kimberley Flavell / Ruth Barker / Howard Flavell / Subash S. Heraganahally

    Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, Vol 12, Iss , Pp 100075- (2022)

    Quantitative results from a multiple methods study to assess the experience of people living with the disease and their caregivers

    2022  

    Abstract: Background: Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD), or Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3), is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness, loss of motor control, ataxia and permanent physical disability. Sleep disturbances are associated with MJD ... ...

    Abstract Background: Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD), or Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3), is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness, loss of motor control, ataxia and permanent physical disability. Sleep disturbances are associated with MJD but remain poorly understood. Objective: To investigate frequency and characteristics of sleep disorders and their association with health-related quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing for Aboriginal Australians living with MJD. Methods: A convenience sample of MJD participants n = 24 participated in a semi-attended, ambulatory diagnostic sleep study to capture polysomnography, actigraphy and sleep diary data. Self-report measures collected were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), STOP-BANG Questionnaire for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale (IRLS), Kessler-5 (K5) and EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ5D). Caregivers (n = 22) reported EQ-5D, K5 and bed partners’ sleep behaviour (Mayo Sleep Questionnaire-Informant). Environmental factors were measured. Results: We observed Nocturia, Sleep Related Leg Cramps, OSA, REM Behaviour Disorder, and RLS, respectively in 100%, 71%, 47%, 43%, and 33% of participants with a significant positive correlation between Body mass index (BMI) and Apnoea hypopnea index (AHI). The majority of sleep was spent in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM)-N2 stage (77.8% (67.7, 81.6)). Overcrowding (92%) and overnight care needs (42%) interrupted sleep. MJD participants and caregivers reported high psychological distress (K5 median 12.5 IQR 7, 16.5 & 8 IQR 6, 12 respectively). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances are prevalent among this cohort. Disease manifestations and environmental factors are driving factors. Larger sample sizes are required to predict risk factors and confirm observed associations.
    Keywords Machado-Joseph disease” ; “Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 3” ; “Ataxia” ; “Sleep” ; “Aboriginal” ; “Indigenous” ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Antibiotic use for Australian Aboriginal children in three remote Northern Territory communities.

    Timothy Howarth / Raelene Brunette / Tanya Davies / Ross M Andrews / Bhavini K Patel / Steven Tong / Federica Barzi / Therese M Kearns

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e

    2020  Volume 0231798

    Abstract: Objective To describe antibiotic prescription rates for Australian Aboriginal children aged <2 years living in three remote Northern Territory communities. Design A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Setting Three primary health ... ...

    Abstract Objective To describe antibiotic prescription rates for Australian Aboriginal children aged <2 years living in three remote Northern Territory communities. Design A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Setting Three primary health care centres located in the Katherine East region. Participants Consent was obtained from 149 mothers to extract data from 196 child records. There were 124 children born between January 2010 and July 2014 who resided in one of the three chosen communities and had electronic health records for their first two years of life. Main outcome measures Antibiotic prescription rates, factors associated with antibiotic prescription and factors associated with appropriate antibiotic prescription. Results There were 5,675 Primary Health Care (PHC) encounters for 124 children (median 41, IQR 25.5, 64). Of the 5,675 PHC encounters, 1,542 (27%) recorded at least one infection (total 1,777) and 1,330 (23%) had at least one antibiotic prescription recorded (total 1,468). Children had a median five (IQR 2, 9) prescriptions in both their first and second year of life, with a prescription rate of 5.99/person year (95% CI 5.35, 6.63). Acute otitis media was the most common infection (683 records, 38%) and Amoxycillin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (797 prescriptions, 54%). Of the 1,468 recorded prescriptions, 398 (27%) had no infection recorded and 116 (8%) with an infection recorded were not aligned with local treatment guidelines. Conclusion Prescription rates for Australian Aboriginal children in these communities are significantly higher than that reported nationally for non-Aboriginal Australians. Prescriptions predominantly aligned with treatment guidelines in this setting where there is a high burden of infectious disease.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Correction

    Timothy Howarth / Raelene Brunette / Tanya Davies / Ross M Andrews / Bhavini K Patel / Steven Tong / Federica Barzi / Therese M Kearns

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 5, p e

    Antibiotic use for Australian Aboriginal children in three remote Northern Territory communities.

    2020  Volume 0233533

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0231798.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0231798.].
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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