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  1. Article ; Online: Determination of antibiotic resistance patterns and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds

    Nejash A. Ahmed / Timur Gulhan

    Microbiome, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2024  Volume 15

    Abstract: Abstract Background Curbing the potential negative impact of antibiotic resistance, one of our era's growing global public health crises, requires regular monitoring of the resistance situations, including the reservoir of resistance genes. Wild birds, a ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Curbing the potential negative impact of antibiotic resistance, one of our era's growing global public health crises, requires regular monitoring of the resistance situations, including the reservoir of resistance genes. Wild birds, a possible bioindicator of antibiotic resistance, have been suggested to play a role in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of determining the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles of 100 Escherichia coli isolates of gull and pigeon origin by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and PCR. Furthermore, the genetic relationships of the isolates were determined by RAPD-PCR. Results Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 63% (63/100) and 29% (29/100) of E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and multidrug-resistant (MDR), respectively. With the exception of cephalothin, to which the E. coli isolates were 100% susceptible, tetracycline (52%), kanamycin (38%), streptomycin (37%), ampicillin (28%), chloramphenicol (21%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (19%), gentamicin (13%), enrofloxacin (12%) and ciprofloxacin (12%) resistances were detected at varying degrees. Among the investigated resistance genes, tet(B) (66%), tet(A) (63%), aphA1 (48%), sul3 (34%), sul2 (26%), strA/strB (24%) and sul1 (16%) were detected. Regarding the genetic diversity of the isolates, the RAPD-PCR-based dendrograms divided both pigeon and gull isolates into five different clusters based on a 70% similarity threshold. Dendrogram analysis revealed 47–100% similarities among pigeon-origin strains and 40–100% similarities among gull-origin E.coli strains. Conclusions This study revealed that gulls and pigeons carry MDR E. coli isolates, which may pose a risk to animal and human health by contaminating the environment with their feces. However, a large-scale epidemiological study investigating the genetic relationship of the strains from a "one health" point of view is ...
    Keywords Antibiotic resistance ; E. coli ; Gull ; Pigeon ; RAPD-PCR ; Microbial ecology ; QR100-130
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Hünnap (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Yaprak Ekstraktının İnce Bağırsak Mikroflorası ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri

    Timur Gülhan / Merve Gizem Sezener / Gözde Kılınç

    Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 91-

    2020  Volume 99

    Abstract: Bu çalışmada, yumurtacı tavuk (Nick Brown; 32 haftalık) rasyonlarına ilave edilen hünnap yaprak ekstraktının (HYE) bazı kan parametreleri ve jejunum bakteri içeriği üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 32 haftalık 96 adet Nick Brown yumurta tavuğu ...

    Abstract Bu çalışmada, yumurtacı tavuk (Nick Brown; 32 haftalık) rasyonlarına ilave edilen hünnap yaprak ekstraktının (HYE) bazı kan parametreleri ve jejunum bakteri içeriği üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada 32 haftalık 96 adet Nick Brown yumurta tavuğu biri kontrol (HYE-0) ve 3’ü deneme grubu olacak şekilde 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Bir haftası alıştırma periyodu olmak üzere toplam 10 hafta süren çalışmada HYE-0 grubu bazal yem ile beslenmiştir. Her 1 kg karma yem için 1 g yaprak; 2 g yaprak; 3 g yaprak kullanılarak ekstraksiyon işlemi yapılmış ve elde edilen ekstraktlar 45 mg kg-1 (HYE-1), 90 mg kg-1 (HYE-2) ve 135 mg kg-1 (HYE-3) düzeylerinde bazal yeme ilave edilerek deneme grupları beslenmiştir. Çalışmada hünnap yaprak ekstraktının jejunum toplam koliform bakteri sayısı üzerine önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı; laktobasil sayısı üzerine ise önemli bir etkisinin olduğu (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Hünnap yaprak ekstraktının rasyondaki 90 mg kg-1 ve 135 mg kg-1 düzeylerinin laktobasil sayısını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Hünnap yaprak ekstraktının serum glukoz, albümin, fosfor düzeylerine ve AST ile GGT enzim aktiviteleri üzerine önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Serum trigliserid düzeyi bakımından ise gruplar arasında önemli bir fark olmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, hünnap yaprak ekstraktının yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarında 90 mg kg-1 ve 135 mg kg-1 düzeylerinde kullanılmasının bağırsak florasını kısmen iyileştirebileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.
    Keywords yumurtacı tavuk ; hünnap yaprak ekstraktı ; bağırsak mikroflorası ; kan parametreleri ; laying hen ; jujube leaf extract ; intestinal microflora ; blood parameters ; Agriculture ; S ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Abant İzzet Baysal University
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Determination of Avian Influenza A Viruses in Some Avian Species in Van Lake Basin by Real Time-PCR, Isolation and Subtyping

    Erdal Ogun / Fethiye Coven / Hasan Solmaz / Ismail Hakki Ekin / Atilla Durmus / Abdulbaki Aksakal / Ziya Ilhan / Ozdemir Adizel / Timur Gulhan / Banur Boynukara

    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 502-

    2011  Volume 510

    Abstract: In this study, feces samples collected during 37 months from February 2006 to March 2009 from 2013 animals consisting of 47 avian species covering irregular vagrant, transit migrant, winter visitor, migratory and native birds in the Van Lake Basin Turkey ...

    Abstract In this study, feces samples collected during 37 months from February 2006 to March 2009 from 2013 animals consisting of 47 avian species covering irregular vagrant, transit migrant, winter visitor, migratory and native birds in the Van Lake Basin Turkey were tested by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) with respect to Avian Influenza (AI) type A virus M2 gene. Of them, 59 samples (2.9%) were found to be positive. RT-PCR positive samples were examined with the same method with respect to H5N1 and 4 samples (6.8%) were found to be positive. RT-PCR positive 59 samples were inoculated in Embryonated Chicken Egg (ECE) and AI type A virus was isolated from 12 samples (20.3%). Of the isolates, 3 were typed as H1N7, 2 as H7N9, 2 as H11N9 and 1 as H8N4 with Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Neuraminidase Inhibition (NI) tests. About 4 isolates obtained from winter visitor Anas cylpeata which had been determined as H5N1 by RT-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis, gave positive reaction by HI test both with H1 and H5 antisera and all were typed as N1 by NI-test. Feces samples found to be positive by RT-PCR belonged to avian species Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, Passeriformes, Gruiformes and Phoenicopteriformes orders. The highest positivity was determined in winter visitor Anas acuta (37.1%) and Anas penelope (22.5%) ducks. Of the RT-PCR positive 59 samples, 43 (72.9%) were determined in the samples collected during winter and spring of 2006-2009. Positivity was determined at a rate of 35.2% in respect of AI type A by RT-PCR in different species sharing the same time and place. With this study, the presence of AI type A viruses in various wild birds in the Van Lake Basin was determined for the first time in Turkey.
    Keywords subtyping ; isolation ; RT-PCR ; wild birds ; Avian influenza ; Turkey ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Animal Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Medwell Online
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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