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Article ; Online: The Godspeed Questionnaire Series in the Assessment of the Social Robot TIAGo by Older Individuals.

Tobis, Slawomir / Piasek-Skupna, Joanna / Suwalska, Aleksandra

2023 Volume 23, Issue 16

Abstract: 1) Background: A robot in care for older adults requires solid research confirming its acceptance. The aim of this study was to present the Polish version of the Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS) and assess the perception of the social robot TIAGo; (2) ...

Abstract	(1) Background: A robot in care for older adults requires solid research confirming its acceptance. The aim of this study was to present the Polish version of the Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS) and assess the perception of the social robot TIAGo; (2) Methods: The study involved older individuals living in the community and care homes and measured perception after interaction with TIAGo using five series of GQS (S1: Anthropomorphism, S2: Animacy, S3: Likeability, S4: Perceived intelligence, and S5: Perceived safety); (3) Results: We studied 178 individuals (age: 75.2 ± 9.6 years, 103 women). Good internal consistency was found. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.90 for the entire tool (from 0.75 to 0.94 for the individual series). Mean scores for S1 and S2 were comparable but lower than all others (
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Intelligence ; Robotics ; Self-Assessment ; Social Interaction
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23167251
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Value of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale in the Assessment of Post-COVID among Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities.

Goździewicz, Łukasz / Tobis, Sławomir / Chojnicki, Michał / Wieczorowska-Tobis, Katarzyna / Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: The COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the long-term effects of COVID-19. The scale was validated and is commonly used in the general population. In this study, we assess the utility ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) is a patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the long-term effects of COVID-19. The scale was validated and is commonly used in the general population. In this study, we assess the utility of the C19-YRS in evaluating the post-COVID burden among residents of long-term care facilities with a mean age of 79. C19-YRS and Barthel index evaluations were performed among 144 residents of long-term care facilities reporting new or worsened symptoms or functioning three months after convalescence from COVID-19. The C19-YRS-based screening showed that 70.9% of COVID-19 convalescents had ≥1 complaint three months after recovery. The highest C19-YRS-scored symptoms (indicating a higher burden) were breathlessness, fatigue, and cognitive and continence problems; however, symptomatology was very heterogeneous, revealing a high complexity of the disease in older persons. The mean total C19-YRS score was higher in hospitalized patients (n = 78) than in the outpatient group (n = 66) (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare12030333
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Article ; Online: Robots in Eldercare: How Does a Real-World Interaction with the Machine Influence the Perceptions of Older People?

Tobis, Slawomir / Piasek, Joanna / Cylkowska-Nowak, Miroslawa / Suwalska, Aleksandra

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 5

Abstract: 1) Background: Using autonomous social robots in selected areas of care for community-dwelling older adults is one of the promising approaches to address the problem of the widening care gap. We posed the question of whether a possibility to interact ... ...

Abstract	(1) Background: Using autonomous social robots in selected areas of care for community-dwelling older adults is one of the promising approaches to address the problem of the widening care gap. We posed the question of whether a possibility to interact with the technology to be used had an impact on the scores given by the respondents in various domains of needs and requirements for social robots to be deployed in care for older individuals. (2) Methods: During the study, the opinions of older people (65+; n = 113; with no severe cognitive impairment) living in six social care institutions about a robot in care for older people were collected twice using the Users’ Needs, Requirements and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ): after seeing a photo of the robot only and after a 90−150 min interaction with the TIAGo robot. (3) Results: Mean total scores for both assistive and social functions were higher after the interaction (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between opinion changes in social and assistive functions (r = 0.4842; p = 0.0000). (4) Conclusions: Preimplementation studies and assessments should include the possibility to interact with the robot to provide its future users with a clear idea of the technology and facilitate necessary customisations of the machine.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Robotics ; Social Support ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22051717
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Article ; Online: Determinants of Attitude to a Humanoid Social Robot in Care for Older Adults: A Post-Interaction Study.

Tobis, Sławomir / Piasek-Skupna, Joanna / Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka / Religioni, Urszula / Suwalska, Aleksandra

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research

2023 Volume 29, Page(s) e941205

Abstract: BACKGROUND While there is a growing body of research examining opinions on social robots in elderly care, there is a lack of comprehensive studies investigating the underlying factors influencing these opinions. The Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS) ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND While there is a growing body of research examining opinions on social robots in elderly care, there is a lack of comprehensive studies investigating the underlying factors influencing these opinions. The Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS) measures perceptions related to human-robot interactions (HRIs). The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is widely used to evaluate physical, cognitive, and social functions of older patients. The EASYCare 2010 Standard (EC) is a tool for assessing unmet needs in older individuals. TIAGo, a social humanoid robot, integrates perception, navigation, and HRI capabilities. This study aimed to identify the determinants of perception following interactions between older individuals and TIAGo, utilizing the GQS, selected CGA items, and EC. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed a database of opinions from older individuals who interacted with TIAGo, based on the Users' Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire. We examined the relationships between the robot's roles (companion/assistant/useful device), its assistive/social functions, and various characteristics of the older participants. RESULTS The study included 161 participants (mean age: 75.2±9.8 years), comprising 89 women and 113 institutionalized individuals. Positive correlations were observed between the robot's role, its functions, and the participants'; perceptions across most evaluated parameters (Anthropomorphism, Animacy, Likeability, Perceived intelligence, Perceived safety). Only a few individual correlations were found for other parameters. CONCLUSIONS The primary determinant of older individuals' opinions was their perception of the robot. Therefore, involving older adults in the co-design process of such robots is crucial. Additionally, a paradigm shift is needed in the study of humanoid social robots, focusing on successful aging rather than deficits associated with aging.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Robotics ; Social Interaction ; Aging ; Databases, Factual ; Geriatric Assessment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1439041-3
ISSN	1643-3750 ; 1234-1010
ISSN (online)	1643-3750
ISSN	1234-1010
DOI	10.12659/MSM.941205
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Article ; Online: The Effects of Stakeholder Perceptions on the Use of Humanoid Robots in Care for Older Adults: Postinteraction Cross-Sectional Study.

Tobis, Slawomir / Piasek-Skupna, Joanna / Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka / Suwalska, Aleksandra / Wieczorowska-Tobis, Katarzyna

Journal of medical Internet research

2023 Volume 25, Page(s) e46617

Abstract: Background: Efficient use of humanoid social robots in the care for older adults requires precise knowledge of expectations in this area. There is little research in this field that includes the interaction of stakeholders with the robot. Even fewer ... ...

Abstract	Background: Efficient use of humanoid social robots in the care for older adults requires precise knowledge of expectations in this area. There is little research in this field that includes the interaction of stakeholders with the robot. Even fewer studies have compared the perceptions of older people (as care recipients) and professional caregivers (representing those taking care of older adults in teams with robots). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze whether specific aspects of the perceptions about humanoid robots influence attitudes after interacting with the robot and to compare the opinions of different stakeholders (older people and their professional caregivers) on this topic. We analyzed the potential impact of the differences in perception of the robot between stakeholder groups with respect to how the robot should be designed and tailored to fit the specific needs of future users. We also attempted to define areas where targeted educational activities could bring the attitudes of the two groups of stakeholders closer to each other. Methods: The studied group was a conveniently available sample of individuals who took part in the presentation of and interaction with a humanoid social robot. Among them, there were 48 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years), who were participants of day care units (which may signal the presence of self-care needs), and 53 professional caregivers. The participants were asked to express their views after an interaction with a humanoid social robot (TIAGo) using the Users' Needs, Requirements and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ) and the Godspeed Questionnaire Series (GQS). Results: Compared to the caregivers, older adults not only assessed the robot more positively with respect to its roles as a companion and assistant (P=.009 and P=.003, respectively) but also had higher scores on their need to increase their knowledge about the robot (P=.049). Regarding the robot's functions, the greatest differences between groups were observed for the social aspects on the UNRAQ, including decreasing the sense of loneliness (P=.003) and accompanying the user in everyday activities (P=.005). As for the GQS, the mean scores of the Animacy, Likeability, and Perceived Intelligence scales were significantly higher for older participants than for caregivers (P=.04, P<.001, and P<.001, respectively). The only parameter for which the caregivers' scores were higher than those of the older adults was the Artificial-Lifelike item from the Anthropomorphism scale of the GQS (P=.03). Conclusions: The acceptance of the social functions of a humanoid robot is related to its perception in all analyzed aspects, whereas the expected usefulness of a care robot is not linked to aspects of anthropomorphism. Successful implementation of robots in the care for older people thus depends on considering not only the fears, needs, and requirements of various stakeholders but also on the perceptions of the robot. Given the differences between the stakeholders, targeted and properly structured educational and training activities for caregivers and prospective users may enable a seamless integration of robotic technologies in care provision.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Robotics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Social Interaction ; Attitude
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-04
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1438-8871
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1438-8871
DOI	10.2196/46617
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Article ; Online: C-Reactive Protein and Albumin Levels as Useful Tools for Predicting In-Hospital Outcomes in Polish Nonagenarians.

Mazurkiewicz, Michal / Lizurej, Wojciech / Mazurkiewicz, Lukasz / Majewski, Arkadiusz / Tobis, Slawomir / Cymerys, Maciej

Clinical interventions in aging

2023 Volume 18, Page(s) 1547–1554

Abstract: Purpose: The admissions of nonagenarians to internal medicine wards are rising. The aim of this study was to analyse the causes of ward admission and blood and renal parameters as potential mortality predictors in this age group.: Patients and methods! ...

Abstract	Purpose: The admissions of nonagenarians to internal medicine wards are rising. The aim of this study was to analyse the causes of ward admission and blood and renal parameters as potential mortality predictors in this age group. Patients and methods: Out of 1140 patients, 111 nonagenarians aged 90+ admitted to the Internal Medicine Ward in one general hospital in Poznan in 2019 were studied. Medical records of these patients were analysed to find factors attributable to the hospitalisation. Results: The leading causes of admission were infections and cardiovascular diseases, and the main causes of death were cardiovascular diseases. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level was a statistically significant death predictor. Equally, decreased albumin level was found to be a mortality predictor. No such relationships were obtained for haematological or renal parameters. Conclusion: Our study uniquely analysed a relatively large group of hospitalised nonagenarians and identified those who need particular attention in the ward by identifying those with the highest risk of death. CRP and albumin levels may serve as useful indicators of in-hospital mortality in this age group.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Nonagenarians ; Poland ; Hospitals
Chemical Substances	C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-14
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2364924-0
ISSN	1178-1998 ; 1176-9092
ISSN (online)	1178-1998
ISSN	1176-9092
DOI	10.2147/CIA.S422895
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Zs.A 6742: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Role of Assistive Robots in the Care of Older People: Survey Study Among Medical and Nursing Students.

Łukasik, Sylwia / Tobis, Sławomir / Kropińska, Sylwia / Suwalska, Aleksandra

Journal of medical Internet research

2020 Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) e18003

Abstract: Background: Populations are aging at an alarming rate in many countries around the world. There has been not only a decrease in the number of births and an increase in the percentage of older people, but also an increase in the number of people living ... ...

Abstract	Background: Populations are aging at an alarming rate in many countries around the world. There has been not only a decrease in the number of births and an increase in the percentage of older people, but also an increase in the number of people living alone. There is growing demand for specialist medical care and daily care with the number of people who can act as caregivers reducing. The use of assistive robots can, at least partially, solve these problems. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the opinions of future health care professionals (medical and nursing students) regarding the use of assistive robots in the care of older people. Methods: The study was conducted with a group of 178 students from Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland (110 nursing students and 68 medical students), using the Users' Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire. Results: The participants of this study believed that assistive robots should, first of all, remind older people to take medication regularly, ensure their safety, monitor their health status and environment, provide cognitive training, and encourage them to maintain physical activity. In the students' opinion, the robot should not be an older person's companion but only act as an assistant. Nursing students had significantly higher scores than medical students in several statements concerning everyday use of robots, including reminding about meals (P=.03), monitoring the environment (P=.001), providing advice about a healthy diet (P=.04), monitoring the intake of food and fluids (P=.02), and automatic "switch on" function (P=.02). Nursing students were more focused on the social functions of robots, including encouraging contact with friends (P=.003) and reducing the sense of loneliness and improving mood (P=.008). Medical students were more aware of privacy issues in the statement concerning the possibility of switching off the robot in specific situations (P=.01). Conclusions: Our study revealed a generally positive attitude of future doctors and nurses toward assistive robots, which can have an impact on their acceptance by older adults. In the future, medical professionals could help their patients to choose the right robots (and necessary functions) that are best suited to their needs. However, this would require expanding the curriculum to include the issues of gerontechnology.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Caregivers/standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Robotics/methods ; Students, Medical ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1439-4456
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1439-4456
DOI	10.2196/18003
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Article ; Online: UNRAQ-A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties.

Tobis, Slawomir / Neumann-Podczaska, Agnieszka / Kropinska, Sylwia / Suwalska, Aleksandra

International journal of environmental research and public health

2021 Volume 18, Issue 11

Abstract: 1) Background: while there exist validated measures to assess the needs of older people, there are comparatively few validated tools to assess needs and requirements for the use of robots. Henceforth, the aim of the study is to present and validate such ...

Abstract	(1) Background: while there exist validated measures to assess the needs of older people, there are comparatively few validated tools to assess needs and requirements for the use of robots. Henceforth, the aim of the study is to present and validate such a tool. (2) Methods: The study group included 720 subjects (mean age 52.0 ± 37.0, 541 females) who agreed to fill the Users' Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ). The validation part of the study included 125 persons. (3) Results: the acceptance of the robot was good in the whole group. The social functions were rated worse than assistive ones. A correlation was found between the scores of social and assistive functions. The respondents claimed that older adults were not prepared to interact with the robot and not very good at handling it, and were sceptical about their willingness to learn to operate the robot. The Cronbach alpha value for the whole questionnaire was 0.95 suggesting excellent internal consistency, and the ICC value of 0.88 represents excellent agreement; (4) Conclusions: We observed a good overall acceptance of the robot across the studied group. There is considerable demand for the use of a social robot in care for older people.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Robotics ; Social Interaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18116157
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Article ; Online: The Association of Self-Esteem with the Level of Independent Functioning and the Primary Demographic Factors in Persons over 60 Years of Age.

Ryszewska-Łabędzka, Dorota / Tobis, Sławomir / Kropińska, Sylwia / Wieczorowska-Tobis, Katarzyna / Talarska, Dorota

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 4

Abstract: Self-esteem reflects the way we see ourselves. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among self-esteem, bio-psycho-social functioning, and sociodemographic conditions in the elderly. The study included 300 individuals over 60 years of ... ...

Abstract	Self-esteem reflects the way we see ourselves. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship among self-esteem, bio-psycho-social functioning, and sociodemographic conditions in the elderly. The study included 300 individuals over 60 years of age living in their home environment. The employed research tools included the Abbreviated Mental Test Score, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and EASYCare Standard 2010 questionnaire involving the following scales: independence score, risk of breakdown in care, and risk of falls. Results: The average score achieved by the study group according to the RSES scale was 29.9 ± 5.6 points. In addition, the study group presented a low risk of independence loss (independence score 13.3 ± 18.1), risk of breakdown in care (4.4 ± 2.4), and risk of falls (1.8 ± 1.6). The conducted multivariate analysis demonstrated that a significant (
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Demography ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19041996
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Using a Rehabilitation Robot for Patients with Post-Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Fatigue Syndrome.

Trzmiel, Tomasz / Marchewka, Renata / Pieczyńska, Anna / Zasadzka, Ewa / Zubrycki, Igor / Kozak, Dominika / Mikulski, Michał / Poświata, Anna / Tobis, Sławomir / Hojan, Katarzyna

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 19

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of traditional neurological rehabilitation and neurological rehabilitation combined with a rehabilitation robot for patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome. Eighty-six participants transferred ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of traditional neurological rehabilitation and neurological rehabilitation combined with a rehabilitation robot for patients with post-COVID-19 fatigue syndrome. Eighty-six participants transferred from intensive care units due to post-viral fatigue after COVID-19 were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. The control group received standard neurological rehabilitation for 120 min a day, while the intervention group received the same neurological rehabilitation for 75 min a day, complemented by 45 min of exercises on the rehabilitation robot. The Berg scale, Tinetti scale, six-minute walking test, isokinetic muscle force test, hand grip strength, Barthel Index, and Functional Independence Measure were used to measure the outcomes. Both groups improved similarly during the rehabilitation. Between groups, a comparison of before/after changes revealed that the intervention group improved better in terms of Functional Independence Measure (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Robotics ; Hand Strength ; COVID-19 ; Exercise Therapy ; Fatigue
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23198120
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