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Article ; Online: Dietary crude protein reductions in wheat-based diets with two energy densities compromised performance of broiler chickens from 15 to 36 days post-hatch

Macelline, Shemil P. / Chrystal, Peter V. / Toghyani, Mehdi / Selle, Peter H. / Liu, Sonia Y.

Poultry Science 2023 July 16, v. 102, no. 10, p. 102932

2023 , Page(s) 102932

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impacts of 2 energy densities (13.0 and 12.5 MJ/kg ME) in wheat-based diets with 3 tiers of CP concentrations (210, 190, and 170 g/kg) on the performance of broiler chickens. The parameters assessed included ... ...

Abstract	This study was designed to investigate the impacts of 2 energy densities (13.0 and 12.5 MJ/kg ME) in wheat-based diets with 3 tiers of CP concentrations (210, 190, and 170 g/kg) on the performance of broiler chickens. The parameters assessed included growth performance (15–36 d posthatch), carcass traits, nutrient utilization, starch–protein digestive dynamics, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients, and the free amino acid and ammonia (NH₃) concentrations in systemic plasma. Also, the feasibility of substituting soybean meal with canola meal in 190 g/kg CP diets was investigated. The dietary CP reduction from 210 to 170 g/kg significantly compromised weight gain by 12.4% (1,890 vs. 2158 g/bird) and FCR by 5.33% (1.501 vs. 1.425). The 0.5 MJ energy density reduction compromised FCR by 3.25% (1.525 vs. 1.477; P = 0.013) in birds offered 170 g/kg CP diets. Reducing dietary CP and energy densities interactively influenced (P = 0.027) apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected metabolizable energy (AMEn) (P = 0.022) such that reducing dietary CP increased these parameters but reducing dietary energy densities decreased AME and AMEn. The 150 g/kg canola meal inclusion with the elimination of soybean meal displayed some promise. Dietary CP reductions (and increased nonbound amino acid inclusions) linearly associated with increased plasma ammonia (NH₃) concentrations (r = −0.607; P = 0.010) and plasma NH₃ was linearly related to depressed weight gains (r = −0.565; P = 0.018). The association of dietary non–protein-bound amino acid (NPBAA) inclusions and elevated plasma NH₃ concentrations have profound implications for the successful development of reduced-CP, wheat-based broiler diets.
Keywords	amino acids ; ammonia ; birds ; canola meal ; crude protein ; digestible amino acids ; energy ; energy density ; free amino acids ; growth performance ; ileum ; metabolizable energy ; nitrogen ; nutrient utilization ; poultry science ; soybean meal ; weight gain ; broiler ; protein ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0716
Size	p. 102932
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2023.102932
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens.

Macelline, Shemil P / Chrystal, Peter V / Inanan, Chanon / Toghyani, Mehdi / Selle, Peter H / Liu, Sonia Yun

Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 259–268

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler chickens. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed ... ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler chickens. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations (210 and 170 g/kg), two feed grains (wheat and sorghum), and two arginine:lysine ratios (104 and 110). Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen, a total of 784 off-sex male, Ross 308 broilers, from 14 to 35 d post-hatch. The dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0% (2078 versus 2310 g/bird) as a main effect and FCR by 7.51% (1.474 versus 1.371), subject to an interaction. In a three-way interaction (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-26
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6383
ISSN (online)	2405-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.007
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Dietary crude protein reductions in wheat-based diets with two energy densities compromised performance of broiler chickens from 15 to 36 days post-hatch.

Macelline, Shemil P / Chrystal, Peter V / Toghyani, Mehdi / Selle, Peter H / Liu, Sonia Y

Poultry science

2023 Volume 102, Issue 10, Page(s) 102932

Abstract	This study was designed to investigate the impacts of 2 energy densities (13.0 and 12.5 MJ/kg ME) in wheat-based diets with 3 tiers of CP concentrations (210, 190, and 170 g/kg) on the performance of broiler chickens. The parameters assessed included growth performance (15-36 d posthatch), carcass traits, nutrient utilization, starch-protein digestive dynamics, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients, and the free amino acid and ammonia (NH
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens ; Triticum/metabolism ; Ammonia/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Diet/veterinary ; Weight Gain ; Digestion ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Glycine max/metabolism ; Brassica napus ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Energy Metabolism
Chemical Substances	Ammonia (7664-41-7) ; Dietary Proteins ; Amino Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2023.102932
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens

Macelline, Shemil P. / Chrystal, Peter V. / Inanan, Chanon / Toghyani, Mehdi / Selle, Peter H. / Liu, Sonia Yun

Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Animal Nutrition. 2023 May 26,

2023

Abstract	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations, grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler chickens. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations (210 and 170 g/kg), two feed grains (wheat and sorghum), and 2 arginine:lysine ratios (104 and 110). Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen, a total of 784 off-sex male, Ross 308 broilers, from 14 to 35 d post-hatch. The dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0% (2078 versus 2310 g/bird) as a main effect and FCR by 7.51% (1.474 versus 1.371), subject to an interaction. In a three-way interaction (P = 0.008), expanded arginine:lysine ratios improved FCR by 2.30% in 170 g/kg CP, sorghum-based diets but compromised FCR by 2.12% in corresponding wheat-based diets. Sorghum was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-CP diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59% (2154 versus 2002 g/kg) and FCR of 6.94% (1.421 versus 1.527) in birds offered 170 g/kg CP diets. Both dietary CP and feed grain generated significant and divergent impacts in apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino acids. Dietary CP reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions (NBAA) in wheat-based diets (48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg) to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets (35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg) and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with compromised weight gain (r = -0.834; P < 0.001) and FCR (r = 0.862; P < 0.001). Increasing ratios of free arginine to lysine plasma concentrations were linearly (r = -0.466; P = 0.004) related to improvements in FCR. The implications of the observed outcomes are discussed and possible explanations are advanced.
Keywords	animal nutrition ; arginine ; birds ; crude protein ; digestibility ; feed grains ; ileum ; lysine ; males ; nutritional intervention ; weight gain ; wheat ; Amino acid ; Broiler chickens ; Energy ; Protein ; Sorghum
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0526
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Pre-press version ; Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	2834745-6
ISSN	2405-6545
ISSN	2405-6545
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations.

Macelline, Shemil P / Kidd, Michael T / Chrystal, Peter V / Toghyani, Mehdi / Selle, Peter H / Liu, Sonia Y

Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui)

2023 Volume 15, Page(s) 399–408

Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of non-bound amino acid (NBAA) in standard and reduced-crude protein (CP), wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler chickens. Dietary treatments ... ...

Abstract	The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of non-bound amino acid (NBAA) in standard and reduced-crude protein (CP), wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler chickens. Dietary treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg CP. The 210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or 55.5 g/kg NBAA. The formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive dynamics. Each of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of 15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 chickens. Growth performance, relative abdominal fat-pad weights, breast muscle and leg shank yields were determined. Ileal starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients, disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were defined. Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days post-hatch. The transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3% (1742 versus 1964 g/bird) and FCR by 10.4% (1.606 versus 1.455), although both parameters were subject to treatment interactions. The treatment interaction (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6383
ISSN (online)	2405-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.013
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Organic acid blends improve intestinal integrity, modulate short-chain fatty acids profiles and alter microbiota of broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

Kumar, Alip / Toghyani, Mehdi / Kheravii, Sarbast K. / Pineda, Lane / Han, Yanming / Swick, Robert A. / Wu, Shu-Biao

Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Animal nutrition. 2022 Mar., v. 8

2022

Abstract: Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is crucial. Among many additives, organic acids (OA) and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic era. The current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids ( ... ...

Abstract	Controlling enteric diseases of broilers is crucial. Among many additives, organic acids (OA) and their blends are gaining attention to combat diseases in the post-antibiotic era. The current study evaluated the potentials of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) blends and/or phenolic compounds on intestinal integrity, intestinal pH, caecal microbiota, and caecal SCFA profiles of broilers under necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge. The additives used were: (A) a blend of SCFA, MCFA, and a phenolic compound (SMP), (B) a blend of free and buffered SCFA with MCFA (SMF), and (C) a blend of free and buffered SCFA with a high concentration of MCFA (SHM). A total of 1,404 male parental chicks of Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 78 floor pens on hatching day with 6 treatments replicated 13 times with 18 birds per pen. The treatments were: UCC, unchallenged control; CHC, challenged control; BAC, challenged group plus zinc bacitracin; SMP, challenged group plus additive SMP; SMF, challenged group plus additive SMF; SHM, challenged group plus additive SHM. Birds were challenged with field-strain Eimeria spp. on d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d 14. Birds challenged with NE increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) concentration in serum, reduced acetate and butyrate concentrations, and increased Bacteroides and C. perfringens load in the caeca (P < 0.05). Birds fed additives decreased FITC-d from gut to serum, reduced Bacteroides (d 16, P < 0.05) and numerically reduced C. perfringens load compared to CHC group. Birds fed additive SHM had higher concentrations of acetate and butyrate (d 21, P < 0.05) than CHC group but were not different from SMP and SMF groups. All the additives exhibited similar intestinal protection against NE compared to the BAC group indicated by FITC-d concentration in serum, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations in the caeca, and caecal bacterial loads except for the C. perfringens (P > 0.05). The SMP group had a higher load compared to BAC (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the promising effects of OA blends as alternatives to BAC to ameliorate the impact of NE challenge of broilers as indicated by improved intestinal health.
Keywords	Bacteroides ; Clostridium perfringens ; Eimeria ; acetates ; animal nutrition ; bacitracin ; blood serum ; butyrates ; cecum ; dextran ; fluorescein ; isothiocyanates ; males ; microorganisms ; necrotic enteritis ; pH ; propionic acid ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 82-90.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2834745-6
ISSN	2405-6545
ISSN	2405-6545
DOI	10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Transgenic, high-protein sorghums display promise in poultry diets in an initial comparison.

Macelline, Shemil P / Godwin, Ian D / Liu, Guoquan / Restall, Jemma / Cantor, David I / McInerney, Bernard V / Toghyani, Mehdi / Chrystal, Peter V / Selle, Peter H / Liu, Sonia Yun

Poultry science

2024 Volume 103, Issue 6, Page(s) 103698

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the inclusion of transgenic sorghums against commercially available sorghums on growth performance in broiler chickens. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were offered to a total 288 male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 14 ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to compare the inclusion of transgenic sorghums against commercially available sorghums on growth performance in broiler chickens. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were offered to a total 288 male Ross 308 broiler chickens from 14 to 35 d posthatch. Three dietary treatments were diets based on transgenic sorghums with a mean protein content of 154.7 g/kg and 5 treatments were based on commercially available sorghum hybrids with a mean protein content of 90.6 g/kg. Soybean meal inclusions in the commercial sorghum diets averaged 215 g/kg, which was reduced to 171 g/kg in the transgenic sorghum diets because of the higher protein contents. Overall growth performance was highly satisfactory, and commercial sorghums supported 2.55% (2,330 vs. 2,272 g/bird; P = 0.010) more weight gains and 2.74% (2,929 vs. 2,851 g/bird; P = 0.012) higher feed intakes; however, the transgenic sorghums supported a fractionally better FCR (1.255 vs 1.257; P = 0.826). There were no statistical differences in apparent jejunal and ileal starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients between treatments. The transgenic sorghum diets generated slightly, but significantly, higher AME:GE ratios and AMEn, but the commercial sorghum diets generated 6.33% (235 vs. 221 g/kg; P < 0.001) greater breast meat yields. Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of 16 amino acids averaged 0.839 and 0.832 for transgenic and commercial sorghum-based diets, respectively, without any significant differences in individual amino acids. This outcome suggests amino acid digestibilities of the transgenic sorghums may be inherently higher than commercial hybrid sorghums as the 25.7% higher average soybean meal inclusions would have advantaged amino acid digestibilities in commercial sorghum diets. The possibility that the digestibilities of amino acids in the kafirin component of transgenic sorghums was enhanced by modifications to the structure of kafirin protein bodies is discussed. In conclusion, transgenic sorghums with higher protein concentrations led to 20.5% reduction of soybean meal inclusions in broiler diets, and this change did not compromise feed conversion efficiency compared to standard commercial hybrid sorghums.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2024.103698
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of dietary crude protein concentrations, fishmeal, and sorghum inclusions in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diet via Box-Behnken response surface design.

Macelline, Shemil P / Chrystal, Peter V / Greenhalgh, Shiva / Toghyani, Mehdi / Selle, Peter H / Liu, Sonia Y

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) e0260285

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary crude protein (CP), fishmeal and sorghum on nutrient utilisation, digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of starch and protein, amino acid concentrations in systemic plasma ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary crude protein (CP), fishmeal and sorghum on nutrient utilisation, digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of starch and protein, amino acid concentrations in systemic plasma and their relevance to growth performance of broiler chickens using the Box-Behnken response surface design. The design consisted of three factors at three levels including dietary CP (190, 210, 230 g/kg), fishmeal (0, 50, 100 g/kg), and sorghum (0, 150, 300 g/kg). A total of 390 male, off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered experimental diets from 14 to 35 days post-hatch. Growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and protein digestibilities and plasma free amino acids were determined. Dietary CP had a negative linear impact on weight gain where the transition from 230 to 190 g/kg CP increased weight gain by 9.43% (1835 versus 2008 g/bird, P = 0.006). Moreover, dietary CP linearly depressed feed intake (r = -0.486. P < 0.001). Fishmeal inclusions had negative linear impacts on weight gain (r = -0.751, P < 0.001) and feed intake (r = -0.495, P < 0.001). There was an interaction between dietary CP and fishmeal for FCR. However, growth performance was not influenced by dietary inclusions of sorghum. Total plasma amino acid concentrations were negatively related to weight gain (r = -0.519, P < 0.0001). The dietary transition from 0 to 100 g/kg fishmeal increased total amino acid concentrations in systemic plasma by 35% (771 versus 1037 μg/mL, P < 0.001). It may be deduced that optimal weight gain (2157 g/bird), optimal feed intake (3330 g/bird) and minimal FCR (1.544) were found in birds offered 190 g/kg CP diets without fishmeal inclusion, irrespective of sorghum inclusions. Both fishmeal and sorghum inclusions did not alter protein and starch digestion rate in broiler chickens; however, moderate reductions in dietary CP could advantage broiler growth performance.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Chickens/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Eating/physiology ; Edible Grain/metabolism ; Male ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Plasma/metabolism ; Sorghum/metabolism ; Starch/metabolism ; Triticum/metabolism ; Weight Gain/physiology
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Dietary Proteins ; Starch (9005-25-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0260285
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Amino acid requirements for laying hens: a comprehensive review.

Macelline, Shemil P / Toghyani, Mehdi / Chrystal, Peter V / Selle, Peter H / Liu, Sonia Yun

Poultry science

2021 Volume 100, Issue 5, Page(s) 101036

Abstract: The main aim of this review is to consolidate the relevant published data examining amino acid requirements of layer hens and to reach a new set of recommendation based on these data. There are inconsistences in lysine, sulphur-containing amino acids, ... ...

Abstract	The main aim of this review is to consolidate the relevant published data examining amino acid requirements of layer hens and to reach a new set of recommendation based on these data. There are inconsistences in lysine, sulphur-containing amino acids, threonine, tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, and arginine recommendations in data that have surfaced since 1994. This review finds that breed, age, basal diet composition, and assessment method have contributed toward inconsistencies in amino acid recommendations. Presently, the development of reduced-protein diets for layer hens is receiving increasing attention because of the demand for sustainable production. This involves quite radical changes in diet composition with inclusions of nonbound, essential and nonessential amino acids. Increasing inclusions of nonbound amino acids into layer diets modifies protein digestive dynamics, and it may influence amino acid requirements in layer hens. This review considers present amino acid recommendations for layer hens and proposes refinements that may better serve the needs of the layer industry in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Chickens ; Diet/veterinary ; Digestion ; Female ; Lysine ; Oviposition
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2021.101036
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sources and levels of copper affect liver copper profile, intestinal morphology and cecal microbiota population of broiler chickens fed wheat-soybean meal diets.

Nguyen, Hoai Thi Thanh / Kheravii, Sarbast K / Wu, Shu-Biao / Roberts, Julie R / Swick, Robert A / Toghyani, Mehdi

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2249

Abstract: Super dosing copper (Cu) has long been used as an alternative to antibiotic growth-promoters in broiler chickens' diet to improve gut health. This study was designed to compare nutritional and growth-promoting levels of Cu hydroxychloride (CH) with ... ...

Abstract	Super dosing copper (Cu) has long been used as an alternative to antibiotic growth-promoters in broiler chickens' diet to improve gut health. This study was designed to compare nutritional and growth-promoting levels of Cu hydroxychloride (CH) with CuSO
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Cecum/drug effects ; Cecum/microbiology ; Chickens ; Copper/analysis ; Copper/metabolism ; Copper/pharmacology ; Copper Sulfate/analysis ; Copper Sulfate/metabolism ; Copper Sulfate/pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Jejunum/anatomy & histology ; Jejunum/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/metabolism ; Hydroxides/analysis ; Hydroxides/metabolism ; Hydroxides/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Copper (789U1901C5) ; Copper Sulfate (LRX7AJ16DT) ; copper hydroxychloride ; Hydroxides
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-06204-9
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