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Article ; Online: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella spp. isolates recovered from clinical settings.

Diab, Hassan / Rahy, Kelven / Jisr, Tamima / El Chaar, Mira / Abboud, Edmond / Tokajian, Sima

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

2024 Volume 119, Page(s) 105583

Abstract: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx with many being linked to nosocomial infections. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is ... ...

Abstract	Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx with many being linked to nosocomial infections. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical public health concern. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) - based analysis was performed to understand the molecular epidemiology of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella spp. clinical isolates. Genome comparison, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole-genome-SNP-based phylogenetic analysis (wg-SNP) were used for in-depth molecular characterization. in silico typing was used to determine the resistance genes, virulence factors, Inc. groups, and capsular types. All except one isolate were non-susceptible to meropenem and 89% were non-susceptible to ertapenem and imipenem. bla
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Klebsiella/genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Phylogeny ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2037068-4
ISSN	1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
ISSN (online)	1567-7257
ISSN	1567-1348
DOI	10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105583
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Article: Characterization of

Moussa, Jennifer / Nassour, Elie / Jisr, Tamima / El Chaar, Mira / Tokajian, Sima

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 8, Page(s) e29642

Abstract: The increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a major threat, with the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzyme-producing CPEs being one of the major causative agents of healthcare settings infections. In this study, ... ...

Abstract	The increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is a major threat, with the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzyme-producing CPEs being one of the major causative agents of healthcare settings infections. In this study, we characterized an IncX3 plasmid harboring
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29642
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Article ; Online: Field evaluation of metal bioaccumulation in the gastropod Helix aspersa at agricultural and industrial sites in Lebanon

Al-Alam, Josephine / Millet, Maurice / Harb, Moustapha / Akoury, Elias / Tokajian, Sima / Wazne, Mahmoud

Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jan., v. 195, no. 1 p.197-197

2023

Abstract: Juvenile Helix aspersa Müller exposed in field microcosms were used to assess the spatial and temporal bioaccumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn at two agricultural and two industrial sites in Lebanon. The study was performed over a 12-week ... ...

Abstract	Juvenile Helix aspersa Müller exposed in field microcosms were used to assess the spatial and temporal bioaccumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn at two agricultural and two industrial sites in Lebanon. The study was performed over a 12-week period where caged snails were sampled once every 3 weeks and assessed for metal bioaccumulation and partitioning between soft tissue and shells. Results showed that metal bioaccumulation by snails was site dependent, with Fe and Cd being the greatest and least accumulated metals, respectively. Significant differences between bioaccumulation in each of the matrices (soft tissue and shells) were also observed. Time-dependent bioaccumulation results showed an increasing accumulation trend at both agricultural sites, while a slight decline was observed at the end of the sampling campaign for the industrial sites. The study of the bioaccumulation factors (BAF) revealed that tested H. aspersa were macroconcentrators for Zn and Cd (BAF > 2) and deconcentrators for all other analyzed elements (BAF < 1). The high partitioning factor values obtained for Cu and Zn indicate an affinity of these two elements for the soft tissues of the snails. The results of this field study indicate that H. aspersa are well suited for active biomonitoring and could provide reliable information on metal pollution and bioavailability.
Keywords	Helix aspersa ; bioaccumulation ; bioavailability ; environmental monitoring ; juveniles ; pollution ; tissues ; Lebanon
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 197.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	782621-7
ISSN	1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
ISSN (online)	1573-2959
ISSN	0167-6369
DOI	10.1007/s10661-022-10791-5
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Interleukin-37: A Link Between COVID-19, Diabetes, and the Black Fungus.

Tokajian, Sima / Merhi, Georgi / Al Khoury, Charbel / Nemer, Georges

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 788741

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic involved millions of people and diabetes was identified as an associated comorbidity. Initiation of systemic corticosteroids in patients suffering from severe COVID-19 was associated with lower mortality. A surge of invasive fungal ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic involved millions of people and diabetes was identified as an associated comorbidity. Initiation of systemic corticosteroids in patients suffering from severe COVID-19 was associated with lower mortality. A surge of invasive fungal infections of the maxillofacial region, namely mucormycosis, was linked to a deadly infection known as black fungus. Black fungus, diabetes, corticosteroids, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) all have a dysregulated immune response in common, which partly could also be attributed to interleukin 37 (IL-37). IL-37, a new cytokine of the IL-1 family, known for broadly reducing innate inflammation as well as acquired immune responses. The use of corticosteroids in diabetic COVID-19 patients, crowded hospitals, and lack of medical oxygen should be carefully considered to reduce COVID-associated secondary infections.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.788741
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Article ; Online: NEK8-Associated Nephropathies: Do Autosomal Dominant Forms Exist?

Mehawej, Cybel / Chouery, Eliane / Ghabril, Ramy / Tokajian, Sima / Megarbane, Andre

Nephron

2022 Volume 147, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 229–233

Abstract: Introduction: Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a group of autosomal recessive renal diseases characterized by a reduced ability of the kidneys to concentrate solutes, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and cystic kidney disease. It represents the most ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a group of autosomal recessive renal diseases characterized by a reduced ability of the kidneys to concentrate solutes, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and cystic kidney disease. It represents the most common genetic cause of childhood renal failure. To date, around 20 different genes, encoding primary cilia proteins, have been linked to NPHP. These contribute to one-third of cases with NPHP while the majority of patients remain molecularly undiagnosed. Materials and methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out on a 2-year-old Lebanese boy with infantile NPHP characterized by multicystic kidney dysplasia, kidney insufficiency, and enlarged kidneys in addition to chronic anemia. The candidate variant, detected by WES, was then tested in the patient and his parents by Sanger sequencing. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis was subsequently performed in the proband. Results: Our studies enabled the detection of a heterozygous de novo variant in NEK8 (NM_178170: p.Arg45Trp) in the proband. CNV analysis excluded the presence of big deletions or insertions in this gene. Conclusion: Here we report a de novo heterozygous variant in the NEK8 gene in infantile NPHP. This variant was previously detected at a de novo state in a patient presenting with the same clinical features as the proband. This suggests that autosomal dominant forms of NEK8-linked nephropathies may exist. Reporting further patients with NEK8 mutations is essential to confirm these findings and assess whether dominant forms of the disease are restricted to a specific mutational spot or are linked to variants scattered throughout the NEK8 gene.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Protein Kinases/genetics ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; NIMA-Related Kinases/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/genetics ; Mutation
Chemical Substances	Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; NIMA-Related Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; NEK8 protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207121-6
ISSN	2235-3186 ; 1423-0186 ; 1660-8151 ; 0028-2766
ISSN (online)	2235-3186 ; 1423-0186
ISSN	1660-8151 ; 0028-2766
DOI	10.1159/000526841
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Article ; Online: Absolute quantification of gene expression in drug discovery using RT-qPCR: Case of a drug used in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Al Khoury, Charbel / Nemer, Georges / Guillot, Jacques / Tokajian, Sima

Research in veterinary science

2022 Volume 153, Page(s) 17–22

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and a public health concern. Chemotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of parasitic infections, including leishmaniasis, have several limitations. For that, we designed a highly sensitive assay using RT- ... ...

Abstract	Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and a public health concern. Chemotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of parasitic infections, including leishmaniasis, have several limitations. For that, we designed a highly sensitive assay using RT-aqPCR to evaluate the efficacy of antileishmanial drugs using SYBR Green to quantify the expression of marker genes. A matrix of reactions using different annealing temperatures and primer concentrations was tested to obtain optimum assay performance. The standard curves designed for quantification of parasites and macrophages showed linearity over a 9-log DNA concentration range. The amount of input target sequence was determined by plotting the C
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.012
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Article ; Online: Whole Genome-Based Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Enterobacter and Klebsiella aerogenes Isolates from Lebanon.

Merhi, Georgi / Amayri, Sara / Bitar, Ibrahim / Araj, George F / Tokajian, Sima

Microbiology spectrum

2023 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) e0291722

Abstract: Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella aerogenes are rod-shaped Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens. This study aimed at the molecular and genomic characterization of multidrug resistant Enterobacter spp. and K. aerogenes isolates recovered from hospitalized ...

Abstract	Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella aerogenes are rod-shaped Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens. This study aimed at the molecular and genomic characterization of multidrug resistant Enterobacter spp. and K. aerogenes isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in Lebanon. A total of 59 Enterobacter spp. clinical isolates consisting of 41 carbapenem-resistant and 18 susceptible by Etest were included in this study. Genotypic identification through whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed and confirmed
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Enterobacter aerogenes/genetics ; Enterobacter/genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Lebanon ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/genetics ; Carbapenems/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Carbapenems
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.02917-22
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Article: Advances in Understanding

Salloum, Tamara / Tokajian, Sima / Hirt, Robert P

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 702240

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoa parasite from over ... ...

Abstract	Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2021.702240
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Article ; Online: Carbapenem resistance determinants and their transmissibility among clinically isolated Enterobacterales in Lebanon.

Moussa, Jennifer / Nassour, Elie / Tahan, Elio / El Chaar, Mira / Jisr, Tamima / Tokajian, Sima

Journal of infection and public health

2023 Volume 16, Issue 12, Page(s) 1947–1953

Abstract: Background: The occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections has increased significantly over the years with Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting the broadest resistance range. In this study we aimed to investigate the genomic characteristics of ...

Abstract	Background: The occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections has increased significantly over the years with Gram-negative bacteria exhibiting the broadest resistance range. In this study we aimed to investigate the genomic characteristics of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Methods: Seventeen representative multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates from a hospital setting showing high level of resistance to carbapenems (ertapenem, meropenem and imipenem) were chosen for further characterization through whole-genome sequencing. Resistance mechanisms and transferability of plasmids carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes were also determined in silico and through conjugative mating assays. Results: We detected 18 different β-lactamases, including four carbapenemases (bla Conclusion: Our findings verified the continuing spread of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales and revealed the types of mobile elements circulating in a hospital setting and contributing to the spread of resistance determinants. The occurrence and transmission of plasmids carrying carbapenemase-encoding genes call for strengthening active surveillance and prevention efforts to control antimicrobial resistance dissemination in healthcare settings.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lebanon/epidemiology ; Carbapenems/pharmacology ; Imipenem ; Meropenem ; Anti-Infective Agents
Chemical Substances	Carbapenems ; Imipenem (71OTZ9ZE0A) ; Meropenem (FV9J3JU8B1) ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2467587-8
ISSN	1876-035X ; 1876-0341
ISSN (online)	1876-035X
ISSN	1876-0341
DOI	10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.003
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Article ; Online: The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants in surface water sources in Lebanon.

Moussa, Jennifer / Abboud, Edmond / Tokajian, Sima

FEMS microbiology ecology

2021 Volume 97, Issue 9

Abstract: The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water in Lebanon is a growing concern and understanding the mechanisms of the spread of resistance determinants is essential. We aimed at studying the occurrence of resistant bacteria and ... ...

Abstract	The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in surface water in Lebanon is a growing concern and understanding the mechanisms of the spread of resistance determinants is essential. We aimed at studying the occurrence of resistant bacteria and determinants in surface water sources in Lebanon and understanding their mobilization and transmission. Water samples were collected from five major rivers in Lebanon. A total of 91 isolates were recovered by incubating at 37°C on Blood and MacConkey agar out of which 25 were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and accordingly were further characterized. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common identified MDR isolates. Conjugation assays coupled with in silico plasmid analysis were performed and validated using PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) to identify and confirm incompatibility groups and the localization of β-lactamase encoding genes. Escherichia coli EC23 carried a blaNDM-5 gene on a conjugative, multireplicon plasmid, while blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B were detected in the majority of the MDR isolates. Different sequence types (STs)were identified including the highly virulent E. coli ST131. Our results showed a common occurrence of bacterial contaminants in surface water and an increase in the risk for the dissemination of resistance determinants exacerbated with the ongoing intensified population mobility in Lebanon and the widespread lack of wastewater treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Infections ; Humans ; Lebanon ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Plasmids/genetics ; Water ; beta-Lactamases/genetics
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283722-5
ISSN	1574-6941 ; 0168-6496
ISSN (online)	1574-6941
ISSN	0168-6496
DOI	10.1093/femsec/fiab113
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