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  1. Article ; Online: Two new species of the genus Anisoderomorpha Arrow, 1925 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae).

    Toki, Wataru

    Zootaxa

    2020  Volume 4779, Issue 4, Page(s) zootaxa.4779.4.7

    Abstract: The genus Anisoderomorpha Arrow, 1925 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae) is redescribed and two new species of Anisoderomorpha are described: A. tamdaoensis sp. nov. from Vietnam and A. malayana sp. nov. from Malaysia. The adults of A. tamdaoensis sp. ...

    Abstract The genus Anisoderomorpha Arrow, 1925 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae) is redescribed and two new species of Anisoderomorpha are described: A. tamdaoensis sp. nov. from Vietnam and A. malayana sp. nov. from Malaysia. The adults of A. tamdaoensis sp. nov. were found to be sexually dimorphic in external morphology, particularly in the shape of the head and mandibles: females have a large asymmetrical head and mandibles, whereas males have a symmetrical head with slightly asymmetrical mandibles. All three members of Anisoderomorpha and its related taxon, Celolanguria curvipes Arrow, 1925, are illustrated and the host plant of Anisoderomorpha is predicted based on the morphological similarity of the specified mouthparts to those of other genera.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Coleoptera ; Female ; Head ; Male ; Plants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-21
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1175-5334
    ISSN (online) 1175-5334
    DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.4.7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Presence of non-symbiotic yeasts in a symbiont-transferring organ of a stag beetle that lacks yeast symbionts found in other stag beetles.

    Yamamoto, Daichi / Toki, Wataru

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3726

    Abstract: Dispersal from wood to wood is essential for wood-inhabiting fungi and wood-inhabiting insects play an important role in the dispersal success of such fungi. However, it is poorly understood whether wood-inhabiting insects which change the habitats from ... ...

    Abstract Dispersal from wood to wood is essential for wood-inhabiting fungi and wood-inhabiting insects play an important role in the dispersal success of such fungi. However, it is poorly understood whether wood-inhabiting insects which change the habitats from wood to non-wood environments can contribute to the fungal dispersal. Larvae of most stag beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) are wood feeders, while adults are sap feeders. Female adults of lulcanids possess specialized organs (mycetangia) for transportation of fungal symbionts and harbor specific yeasts (e.g., Scheffersomyces spp.) within. Here, we report that the lucanid Aegus subnitidus harbors non-specific yeasts facultatively in mycetangia. We conducted yeast isolation from mycetangia and hindguts of female adults, in a larval gallery in wood-associated materials, and in female-visiting fermented tree sap using culture-dependent methods. Less than half of the females carried a total of 20 yeast species with small amounts using mycetangia and a female harbored up to five species, suggesting the absence of an intimate association with specific yeasts that are found in other lucanids. Yeast species compositions markedly differed between the larval gallery and sap. Most yeasts from the larval galley exhibited xylose-assimilation abilities, while few yeasts from sap did. Mycetangial yeasts comprised a combination from both sources. In hindguts, most yeasts were found in sap (> 70%) with no yeasts in the larval gallery. Sap-associated yeasts in each female mycetangium were also obtained from the female-visiting sap patch, while mycetangial, larval gallery-associated yeasts were absent from the patch, suggesting the survival success of larval gallery-associated yeasts in mycetangia through sap patches. Therefore, wood-inhabiting insects that possess mycetangia can potentially act as vectors of non-symbiotic wood-inhabiting yeasts dispersing from wood to wood via other environments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Female ; Coleoptera/microbiology ; Yeasts/genetics ; Larva/microbiology ; Saccharomycetales ; Insecta ; Symbiosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-30607-x
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  3. Article ; Online: Different phoretic affinities of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae) to Monochamus sartor urussovii and M. sutor (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Hokkaido, Japan

    Toki, Wataru / Togashi, Katsumi

    Journal of Forest Research. 2023 May 04, v. 28, no. 3 p.225-229

    2023  

    Abstract: Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae) is distributed widely in the Palearctic region and is transmitted by several species of long-horned beetles in the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). In Hokkaido, Japan, M. ... ...

    Abstract Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis (Nematoda, Aphelenchoididae) is distributed widely in the Palearctic region and is transmitted by several species of long-horned beetles in the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). In Hokkaido, Japan, M. sartor urussovii has been known as a vector of B. m. kolymensis. However, whether M. sutor is another vector has never been examined though it is the sympatric species of M. sa. urussovii in Hokkaido and transmits this nematode in Europe and Russian Far East. To answer this query, Bursaphelenchus nematodes were isolated from adults of M. sa. urussovii and M. sutor and identified using molecular techniques. Bursaphelenchus m. kolymensis alone was detected from 3 out of 40 M. sa. urussovii adults. In contrast, no Bursaphelenchus nematodes were recovered from 51 M. sutor adults. These results suggested that the primary vector of B. m. kolymensis was M. sa. urussovii in Hokkaido.
    Keywords Bursaphelenchus mucronatus ; Japan ; Monochamus ; Palearctic region ; Russia ; forests ; research ; sympatry ; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ; longicorn beetle ; Monochamini ; phoresy ; pine wilt disease
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0504
    Size p. 225-229.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2104467-3
    ISSN 1610-7403 ; 1341-6979
    ISSN (online) 1610-7403
    ISSN 1341-6979
    DOI 10.1080/13416979.2022.2156571
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: A single case study of mycetangia-associated fungi and their abilities to assimilate wood-associated carbon sources in the ship timber beetle Elateroides flabellicornis (Coleoptera: Lymexylidae) in Japan

    Toki, Wataru

    Symbiosis. 2021 Mar., v. 83, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: Ship timber beetles (Coleoptera: Lymexylidae) grow symbiotic fungi of the genus Alloascoidea in wood. The female adults possess fungus-carrying organs (mycetangia) and deposit the symbiont onto wood during oviposition. The larvae acquire the symbiont, ... ...

    Abstract Ship timber beetles (Coleoptera: Lymexylidae) grow symbiotic fungi of the genus Alloascoidea in wood. The female adults possess fungus-carrying organs (mycetangia) and deposit the symbiont onto wood during oviposition. The larvae acquire the symbiont, excavate a tunnel into wood, and feed on the symbiont growing on the tunnel walls. As lymexylids use wood as a larval habitat, it is possible that the fungal symbionts can utilize indigestible wood-associated sugars. However, their abilities to assimilate wood-associated carbon sources remain unknown. In addition, no lymexylid-associated fungal communities have been reported except for Elateroides dermestoides. Here, I report that the ship timber beetle E. flabellicornis originating from Japan harbored five fungal species. When microbial isolation was conducted from mycetangia of a female adult of E. flabellicornis, colonies of filamentous fungi and yeasts were recovered. DNA analyses revealed that they were Alloascoidea sp., Ambrosiozyma llanquihuensis, Ambrosiozyma sp., Cyberlindnera sp., and Saccharomycopsis sp. When wood-associated carbon assimilation abilities of four of the five fungal species: Alloascoidea sp., Am. llanquihuensis, Cyberlindnera sp., and Saccharomycopsis sp., were tested, the abilities were variable among them. Only Saccharomycopsis sp. assimilated galactose and galacturonic acid. Alloascoidea sp. and Cyberlindnera sp. strongly assimilated xylan from corn. Saccharomycopsis sp. and Cyberlindnera sp. assimilated cellobiose. All of the fungi assimilated glucose, mannose, and xylose. These results suggest that the association with multiple fungal species with various carbon assimilation abilities may help the larvae of E. flabellicornis to achieve efficient nutrient intake in space-limited tunnels within nutrient-poor wood.
    Keywords Cyberlindnera ; DNA ; Japan ; Lymexylidae ; Saccharomycopsis ; adults ; carbon ; carbon dioxide fixation ; case studies ; cellobiose ; corn ; females ; galactose ; galacturonic acid ; glucose ; habitats ; larvae ; mannose ; nutrient intake ; oviposition ; symbionts ; symbiosis ; wood ; xylan ; xylose
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 173-181.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2535332-9
    ISSN 1878-7665 ; 0334-5114
    ISSN (online) 1878-7665
    ISSN 0334-5114
    DOI 10.1007/s13199-021-00745-9
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  5. Article ; Online: Nutritional resources of the yeast symbiont cultivated by the lizard beetle Doubledaya bucculenta in bamboos.

    Toki, Wataru / Aoki, Dan

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 19208

    Abstract: Symbiotic fungi of wood-inhabiting insects are often considered to aid wood digestion of host insects when the associated fungi can assimilate wood-associated indigestible materials. In most cases, however, the components of wood that are utilized by ... ...

    Abstract Symbiotic fungi of wood-inhabiting insects are often considered to aid wood digestion of host insects when the associated fungi can assimilate wood-associated indigestible materials. In most cases, however, the components of wood that are utilized by fungal symbionts remain poorly understood. The lizard beetle Doubledaya bucculenta (Coleoptera, Erotylidae, Languriinae) farms the symbiotic yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus inside the cavity of host bamboo internodes, which serves as food for larvae. To determine the carbon sources of the internodes serving as nutritional substrates for W. anomalus, we used ion exchange chromatography measurements to analyze free and structural sugar compositions in fresh pith (FP), yeast-cultured pith (YP), and larva-reared pith (LP) of internodes. Glucose and fructose were the major free sugars in FP and markedly decreased in YP and LP. For structural sugars, no sugar significantly decreased in YP or LP compared with FP. Carbon assimilation tests showed that W. anomalus assimilated glucose, mannose, fructose, and sucrose strongly, xylose and cellobiose moderately, and xylan weakly. Elemental analysis revealed that the compositions of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen were not significantly different among tissue types. These results suggest that W. anomalus does not consume bamboo-associated indigestible sugars but most free sugars, mainly glucose and fructose, in the pith. Our findings suggest that a symbiont's abilities may not always benefit its host in nature.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carbon/metabolism ; Coleoptera/metabolism ; Coleoptera/microbiology ; Female ; Larva/metabolism ; Larva/microbiology ; Oviposition ; Saccharomycetales/metabolism ; Sasa/microbiology ; Sasa/parasitology ; Symbiosis
    Chemical Substances Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-98733-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Time-dependent oviposition deterrence by an oviposition mark in a fungus-farming lizard beetle.

    Miyazaki, Yuta / Toki, Wataru

    Die Naturwissenschaften

    2020  Volume 107, Issue 6, Page(s) 53

    Abstract: In insects, the selection of a suitable oviposition site is critical for offspring performance. Avoiding hosts already occupied by conspecific immatures in oviposition is one of the mechanisms to reduce intraspecific competition. The avoidance of such ... ...

    Abstract In insects, the selection of a suitable oviposition site is critical for offspring performance. Avoiding hosts already occupied by conspecific immatures in oviposition is one of the mechanisms to reduce intraspecific competition. The avoidance of such hosts by ovipositing females has been well-documented in parasitoid wasps and phytophagous insects but remains unknown in mycophagous insects. Here, we report that oviposition marks (OMs) of the fungus-farming lizard beetle, Doubledaya bucculenta (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae), deter conspecific females from oviposition. The females excavate a wall of host bamboo internodes to access cavities for oviposition and plug the holes with excised bamboo fibers after oviposition. A larva completes its development within a single internode. To determine what types of OMs function as oviposition deterrents and how the oviposition-deterring pattern associates with offspring survival, we examined the oviposition behaviors, egg-period lengths, and reactions of larvae to eggs. When a single internode was provided, most females laid eggs in internodes with no OMs, incomplete OMs, or plug-removed completed OMs (COMs), but fewer females laid in internodes with fresh COMs and no females laid in those with old COMs. When eggs were reared under constant temperatures, egg-period lengths varied, suggesting that later-laid eggs sometimes hatch earlier than earlier-laid eggs. When a larva encountered an egg, all eggs were killed shortly. These results suggest that the females avoid internodes associated with high offspring mortality and that the COM's plug contains an oviposition-deterring cue. Given that larvae of oviposition-deterring insects including D. bucculenta inhabit spatiotemporally-limited sites and have limited mobility, high resource competition in the larval stage may have driven the evolution of oviposition deterrence.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Coleoptera/physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Oviposition/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123257-5
    ISSN 1432-1904 ; 0028-1042
    ISSN (online) 1432-1904
    ISSN 0028-1042
    DOI 10.1007/s00114-020-01710-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Yeast associated with flower longicorn beetle Leptura ochraceofasciata (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae), with implication for its function in symbiosis.

    Kishigami, Mako / Matsuoka, Fumiaki / Maeno, Akiteru / Yamagishi, Shohei / Abe, Hisashi / Toki, Wataru

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0282351

    Abstract: Wood is difficult for most animals to digest due to large amounts of indigestible polymers, but some wood-feeding insects are considered to be able to utilize it as food with the aid of microbial symbionts. Most members of flower longicorn beetles ( ... ...

    Abstract Wood is difficult for most animals to digest due to large amounts of indigestible polymers, but some wood-feeding insects are considered to be able to utilize it as food with the aid of microbial symbionts. Most members of flower longicorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) feed on nectar and pollen of flowers as adults and wood as larvae. In some lepturines, associations with yeasts are known: female adults possess fungus-storing organs (termed mycetangia) at ovipositors, and larvae also possess such organs (termed mycetomes) in their midguts to carry the associated yeasts. Despite the high diversity of Lepturinae in the world, lepturine-yeast associations, such as the consistency of associated yeasts among the beetle's developmental stages and ecological function of yeast symbionts, have been poorly documented. Here, we investigated the yeast symbiont of the Japanese common lepturine Leptura ochraceofasciata. X-ray computed microtomography revealed that a pair of tube-like, S-shaped mycetangia was located at the basal part of the ovipositor and that a muscle bundle joined the apex of the mycetangium to spiculum ventrale of sternum VIII. All female adults harbored only one yeast species, Scheffersomyces insectosa, in the mycetangia. All larvae harbored S. insectosa exclusively in the mycetomes. Scheffersomyces insectosa was also recovered from surfaces of eggs. Scheffersomyces insectosa assimilated wood-associated sugars including xylose, cellobiose, and xylan in culture. These results suggest the intimate association between L. ochraceofasciata and S. insectosa: S. insectosa is transmitted from the mother to offspring during oviposition and may be related to larval growth in wood.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Animals ; Coleoptera ; Symbiosis ; Yeasts/physiology ; Larva ; Flowers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0282351
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  8. Article: Larval host plants of two lizard beetles in the genus Tetraphala (Coleoptera, Erotylidae, Languriinae, Languriini) from Taiwan, with a host plant list of Languriini

    Toki, Wataru / Chiu, Ming‐Chung / Huang, Ching‐Gi / Wu, Wen‐Jer

    Entomological science. 2021 Mar., v. 24, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: Lizard beetles (Erotylidae, Languriinae, Languriini) are known as stem borers of plants and contain agricultural pests and endangered species, but their species–host plant associations have been poorly documented. Here we investigated the larval host ... ...

    Abstract Lizard beetles (Erotylidae, Languriinae, Languriini) are known as stem borers of plants and contain agricultural pests and endangered species, but their species–host plant associations have been poorly documented. Here we investigated the larval host plants of two species of the genus Tetraphala Strum, T. collaris (Crotch) and Tetraphala sp. occurring in Taiwan. Females of T. collaris excavated living leafstalks and stems of the herbaceous dicot, Sambucus chinensis (Adoxaceae) using their mandibles for oviposition. We observed the eggs and early‐instar larvae inside and nearby oviposition holes and late‐instar larvae inside stems, suggesting that T. collaris uses living leafstalks and stems of S. chinensis as oviposition substrate and the larvae tunnel into stems with feeding on the tissues. Similarly, females of Tetraphala sp. excavated living leafstalks of the fern, Pteris wallichiana (Pteridaceae) using their mandibles for oviposition. We observed the eggs and early‐instar larvae inside and nearby oviposition holes. When reared in laboratory, a larva reached adulthood inside the leafstalk. These results indicated that Tetraphala sp. uses living leafstalks of Pt. wallichiana as oviposition substrate and the larvae complete their development within. This study revealed that the genus Tetraphala contains both fern‐ and dicot‐users during larval period. Further study is needed to clarify the evolutionary process of host plant use of languriines. Additionally, the host plant list of Languriini is provided.
    Keywords Erotylidae ; Pteris ; Sambucus ; adulthood ; endangered species ; ferns and fern allies ; host plants ; larvae ; lizards ; oviposition ; petioles ; Taiwan
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 103-108.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2105599-3
    ISSN 1479-8298 ; 1343-8786
    ISSN (online) 1479-8298
    ISSN 1343-8786
    DOI 10.1111/ens.12452
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  9. Article ; Online: Molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial genes and evolution of host plant use in the long-horned beetle tribe Lamiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan.

    Toki, W / Kubota, K

    Environmental entomology

    2010  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 1336–1343

    Abstract: The molecular phylogeny of the long-horned beetle tribe Lamiini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan (12 genera, 25 species, 3 additional subspecies) was determined based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxydase subunit I. The monophyly of ...

    Abstract The molecular phylogeny of the long-horned beetle tribe Lamiini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan (12 genera, 25 species, 3 additional subspecies) was determined based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxydase subunit I. The monophyly of the tribe Lamiini was supported, whereas that of the genus Acalolepta Pascoe was unclear. Evolution of host plant use in Lamiini was estimated using the molecular phylogeny. For adult and larval host plant kind-and-condition, the most ancestral state was for weakened to dead broad-leaved trees, whereas derived states favored conifers, healthy broad-leaved trees, and herbs. For adult and larval host range, the most ancestral state was polyphagy, whereas oligophagy and monophagy were derived. Evolution of hosts' idiosyncrasy and that of the insects' host range were related in many lineages. Our results partly support the hypothesis that habitation in living trees requires dietary specialization in phytophagous insects.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Coleoptera/genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Mitochondrial ; Japan ; Phylogeny ; Plants/parasitology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Electron Transport Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 120799-4
    ISSN 1938-2936 ; 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
    ISSN (online) 1938-2936
    ISSN 0046-2268 ; 0046-225X
    DOI 10.1603/EN09347
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Molecular Phylogeny Based on Mitochondrial Genes and Evolution of Host Plant use in the Long-Horned Beetle Tribe Lamiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan

    Toki, W / Kubota, K

    Environmental entomology. 2010 Aug., v. 39, issue 4

    2010  

    Abstract: The molecular phylogeny of the long-horned beetle tribe Lamiini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan (12 genera, 25 species, 3 additional subspecies) was determined based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxydase subunit I. The monophyly of ...

    Abstract The molecular phylogeny of the long-horned beetle tribe Lamiini Mulsant (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Japan (12 genera, 25 species, 3 additional subspecies) was determined based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxydase subunit I. The monophyly of the tribe Lamiini was supported, whereas that of the genus Acalolepta Pascoe was unclear. Evolution of host plant use in Lamiini was estimated using the molecular phylogeny. For adult and larval host plant kind-and-condition, the most ancestral state was for weakened to dead broad-leaved trees, whereas derived states favored conifers, healthy broad-leaved trees, and herbs. For adult and larval host range, the most ancestral state was polyphagy, whereas oligophagy and monophagy were derived. Evolution of hosts' idiosyncrasy and that of the insects' host range were related in many lineages. Our results partly support the hypothesis that habitation in living trees requires dietary specialization in phytophagous insects.
    Keywords Cerambycidae ; forest pests ; phytophagous insects ; phylogeny ; molecular systematics ; host plants ; mitochondrial DNA ; ribosomal RNA ; cytochrome-c oxidase ; protein subunits ; host preferences ; adult insects ; larvae ; species differences ; trees ; forbs ; Japan
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2010-08
    Size p. 1336-1343.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0046-225X
    DOI 10.1603/EN09347
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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