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Article ; Online: Efficacy of octenidine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains

Tomasz M. Karpiński

European Journal of Biological Research, Vol 9, Iss

2019 Volume 3

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium causing skin and soft tissue infections, complicated urinary tract infections, blood infections, and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. One of the most often used antiseptics in the skin and ... ...

Abstract	Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium causing skin and soft tissue infections, complicated urinary tract infections, blood infections, and nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections. One of the most often used antiseptics in the skin and soft tissue infections is octenidine dihydrochloride. The aim of this study was an evaluation of octenidine activity against strains of P. aeruginosa. Additionally, were compared two staining methods (TTC and MTT) for confirmation of bacterial growth. The study involved eight strains of P. aeruginosa. In order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of octenidine, the microdilution method was used. For bacterial growth detection was used staining method with 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). In the study has been demonstrated the excellent activity of octenidine against all strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For all tested strains, MICs of octenidine were 0.00039% or 0.00078%, what is equivalent to 3.9 µg/ml and 7.8 µg/ml, respectively. In the study, test with MTT for three strains was more sensitive than a test with TTC. Concluding, octenidine is an antiseptic with high efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Simultaneously, it was stated that a test with MTT is more sensitive than study with TTC. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3339499
Keywords	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Octenidine dihydrochloride ; Octenisept ; Antibacterial activity ; TTC ; MTT ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	TMKarpinski Publisher, Tomasz M. Karpiński
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Role of Oral Microbiota in Cancer Development

Tomasz M. Karpiński

Microorganisms, Vol 7, Iss 1, p

2019 Volume 20

Abstract: Nowadays cancer is the second main cause of death in the world. The most known bacterial carcinogen is Helicobacter pylori. Pathogens that can have an impact on cancer development in the gastrointestinal tract are also found in the oral cavity. Some ... ...

Abstract	Nowadays cancer is the second main cause of death in the world. The most known bacterial carcinogen is Helicobacter pylori. Pathogens that can have an impact on cancer development in the gastrointestinal tract are also found in the oral cavity. Some specific species have been identified that correlate strongly with oral cancer, such as Streptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Prevotella sp., Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Capnocytophaga gingivalis. Many works have also shown that the oral periopathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis play an important role in the development of colorectal and pancreatic cancer. Three mechanisms of action have been suggested in regard to the role of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of cancer. The first is bacterial stimulation of chronic inflammation. Inflammatory mediators produced in this process cause or facilitate cell proliferation, mutagenesis, oncogene activation, and angiogenesis. The second mechanism attributed to bacteria that may influence the pathogenesis of cancers by affecting cell proliferation is the activation of NF-κB and inhibition of cellular apoptosis. In the third mechanism, bacteria produce some substances that act in a carcinogenic manner. This review presents potentially oncogenic oral bacteria and possible mechanisms of their action on the carcinogenesis of human cells.
Keywords	oral microbiota ; oral cancer ; colorectal cancer ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Fusobacterium nucleatum ; Streptococcus sp ; chronic inflammation ; antiapoptotic activity ; cancerogenic substances ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Marine Macrolides with Antibacterial and/or Antifungal Activity

Tomasz M. Karpiński

Marine Drugs, Vol 17, Iss 4, p

2019 Volume 241

Abstract: Currently, the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a serious problem. Marine organisms are the source of thousands of substances, which also have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Among them, marine macrolides are significant. ... ...

Abstract	Currently, the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics is a serious problem. Marine organisms are the source of thousands of substances, which also have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Among them, marine macrolides are significant. In this review, the antibacterial and/or antifungal activities of 34 groups of marine macrolides are presented. Exemplary groups are chalcomycins, curvulides, halichondramides, lobophorins, macrolactins, modiolides, scytophycins, spongistatins, or zearalanones. In the paper, 74 antibiotics or their analog sets, among which 29 with antifungal activity, 25 that are antibacterial, and 20 that are both antifungal and antibacterial are summarized. Also, 36 macrolides or their sets are produced by bacteria, 18 by fungi, ten by sponges, seven by algae, two by porifera, and one by nudibranch. Moreover, the chemical structures of representatives from each of the 34 groups of these antibiotics are presented. To summarize, marine organisms are rich in natural macrolides. Some of these may be used in the future in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. Marine macrolides can also be potential drugs applicable against pathogens resistant to currently known antibiotics.
Keywords	macrolide ; antibiotic ; marine ; antibacterial ; antifungal ; antimicrobial ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anti-Candida and Antibiofilm Activity of Selected Lamiaceae Essential Oils

Tomasz M. Karpiński / Marcin Ożarowski / Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz / Hubert Wolski

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Vol 28, Iss 2, p

2023 Volume 28

Abstract: Background: Candidiasis is a common oral and vaginal infection. Some papers have presented that the essential oils of Lamiaceae plants can have antifungal activity. This study aimed to investigate the activity of 7 essential oils of the Lamiaceae family ... ...

Abstract	Background: Candidiasis is a common oral and vaginal infection. Some papers have presented that the essential oils of Lamiaceae plants can have antifungal activity. This study aimed to investigate the activity of 7 essential oils of the Lamiaceae family with known phytochemical compositions against Candida fungi. Methods: Forty-four strains belonging to six species were tested: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. During this investigation, the following methods were used: determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), biofilm inhibition studies, and in silicotoxicity tests. Results: Essential oils of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) showed the best anti-Candida activity, with MIC values below 3.125 mg/mL. Lavender (Lavandula stoechas), mint (Mentha × piperita), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils were also very active (0.39 to 6.25 or 12.5 mg/mL). Sage (Salvia officinalis) essential oil presented the lowest activity, with MIC values ranging from 3.125 to 100 mg/mL. In an antibiofilm study using MIC values, oregano and thyme essential oils showed the greatest effect, followed by lavender, mint, and rosemary oils. The weakest antibiofilm activity was observed with the lemon balm and sage oils. In silico toxicity research suggests that most of main compounds of Lamiaceae essential oils probably do not exhibit carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or cytotoxicity. Conclusions: The obtained results showed that Lamiaceae essential oils have anti-Candida and antibiofilm activity. Further research is required to confirm the safety and efficacy of essential oils in the topical treatment of candidiasis.
Keywords	essential oils ; antifungal ; antibiofilm ; lamiaceae ; phytocompounds ; drug sensitivity ; in silico ; toxicity ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IMR Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: What do we know about SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease?

Agnieszka Zeidler / Tomasz M. Karpiński

Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research, Vol 14, Iss 2, Pp 33-

2020 Volume 38

Abstract: Introduction Emerging viral diseases are a serious public health problem, especially with such a dynamically changing epidemic situation, in which we are observers and participants. Coronaviruses are present in our lives almost constantly. Currently, the ...

Abstract	Introduction Emerging viral diseases are a serious public health problem, especially with such a dynamically changing epidemic situation, in which we are observers and participants. Coronaviruses are present in our lives almost constantly. Currently, the world is struggling with a pandemic caused by the new SARS CoV-2 coronavirus, which is the etiological factor of COVID-19 disease. Objective The aim of the study is to review scientific reports and systematize current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease it causes in the face of the ongoing pandemic. State of knowledge The course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to cases caused by coronaviruses of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). Symptoms vary from mild to viral pneumonia, including fever, difficulty breathing, bilateral infiltrative pneumonia, and multi-organ failure in the most severe cases. COVID-19 disease also leads to complications, such as pulmonary fibrosis, neurological disorders, an increased risk of heart attack, thrombosis, and liver dysfunction. The review presents information about the taxonomy, structure, pathomechanism, clinical symptoms, complications, number of cases, diagnostics, and treatment of COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread quickly around the world, causing a rapidly increasing number of infections and deaths among patients. There is currently no effective vaccine or targeted treatment. The only way to prevent the spread of the virus remains quarantine, the isolation of sick people, and the use of a sanitary regime.
Keywords	coronavirus ; sars-cov-2 ; 2019-ncov ; covid-19 ; pandemic ; pneumonia ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Institute of Rural Health
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Polyhexanide (PHMB) – properties and applications in medicine

Patrycja Szkołuda / Tomasz M. Karpiński

European Journal of Biological Research, Vol 10, Iss

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine. It stands out from the others with its numerous advantages. It has a low toxicity factor, chemical stability, and bactericidal effect on most microorganisms. ... ...

Abstract	Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine. It stands out from the others with its numerous advantages. It has a low toxicity factor, chemical stability, and bactericidal effect on most microorganisms. PHMB is used in many areas of medicine, veterinary medicine, gastronomy, and industry. The application of polyhexanide in the treatment of chronic wounds allows for fast regeneration and reduced time of wound treatment and hospitalization. According to the Recommendations of the Polish Wound Treatment Society, PHMB is recommended in treatment of critically colonized wounds, wounds at risk infection, burns, and decontamination of acute and chronic wounds, and as second choice in infected wounds. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3956819
Keywords	Polyhexanide ; PHMB ; Polyhexamethylene biguanide ; Antiseptic ; Antimicrobial ; Wound ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	TMKarpinski Publisher, Tomasz M. Karpiński
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antibacterial Properties of Propolis

Izabela Przybyłek / Tomasz M. Karpiński

Molecules, Vol 24, Iss 11, p

2019 Volume 2047

Abstract: Researchers are continuing to discover all the properties of propolis due to its complex composition and associated broad spectrum of activities. This review aims to characterize the latest scientific reports in the field of antibacterial activity of ... ...

Abstract	Researchers are continuing to discover all the properties of propolis due to its complex composition and associated broad spectrum of activities. This review aims to characterize the latest scientific reports in the field of antibacterial activity of this substance. The results of studies on the influence of propolis on more than 600 bacterial strains were analyzed. The greater activity of propolis against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative was confirmed. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of propolis from different regions of the world was compared. As a result, high activity of propolis from the Middle East was found in relation to both, Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli ) strains. Simultaneously, the lowest activity was demonstrated for propolis samples from Germany, Ireland and Korea.
Keywords	propolis ; bee product ; antibacterial ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Escherichia coli ; polyphenols ; terpenoids ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Antifungal Properties of Chemically Defined Propolis from Various Geographical Regions

Marcin Ożarowski / Tomasz M. Karpiński / Rahat Alam / Małgorzata Łochyńska

Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 364, p

2022 Volume 364

Abstract: Long-term fungal infections that are difficult to treat require new substances for their prevention, treatment, or as adjuvants during antibiotic therapy. Propolis is a very promising source of natural substances that show a wide range of pharmacological ...

Abstract	Long-term fungal infections that are difficult to treat require new substances for their prevention, treatment, or as adjuvants during antibiotic therapy. Propolis is a very promising source of natural substances that show a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antifungal activity against various fungal strains. The purpose of the literature review was to summarize recent studies (PubMed, Scopus) on progress in evaluating the antifungal activity of chemically defined propolis extracts. During the selection of studies, only those with results of antifungal activity expressed as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and/or minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were analyzed. Moreover, plant, animal and environmental factors influencing the chemical composition of propolis are discussed. Mechanisms of antifungal activity of propolis extracts and research trends in the aspect of developing new therapies and the assessment of drug interactions are indicated. The review of the research results shows that there is great progress in the definition of propolis extracts. After comparing the MIC/MFC values, it was assessed that propolis extracts offer a wide range of activity not only against pathogenic Candida strains but also against risky molds; however, the strength of this activity is varied.
Keywords	propolis ; fungal strains ; Candida ; extracts ; phenolic compounds ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Discovery of Terpenes as Novel HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors via Molecular Docking

Tomasz M. Karpiński / Marcin Ożarowski / Pedro J. Silva / Mark Stasiewicz / Rahat Alam / Abdus Samad

Pathogens, Vol 12, Iss 842, p

2023 Volume 842

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a dangerous virus that is responsible for a large number of infections and deaths worldwide. In the treatment of HCV, it is important that the drugs are effective and do not have additional hepatotoxic effects. The aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a dangerous virus that is responsible for a large number of infections and deaths worldwide. In the treatment of HCV, it is important that the drugs are effective and do not have additional hepatotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to test the in silico activity of 1893 terpenes against the HCV NS5B polymerase (PDB-ID: 3FQK). Two drugs, sofosbuvir and dasabuvir, were used as controls. The GOLD software (CCDC) and InstaDock were used for docking. By using the results obtained from PLP.Fitness (GOLD), pKi, and binding free energy (InstaDock), nine terpenes were finally selected based on their scores. The drug-likeness properties were calculated using Lipinski’s rule of five. The ADMET values were studied using SwissADME and pkCSM servers. Ultimately, it was shown that nine terpenes have better docking results than sofosbuvir and dasabuvir. These were gniditrin, mulberrofuran G, cochlearine A, ingenol dibenzoate, mulberrofuran G, isogemichalcone C, pawhuskin B, 3-cinnamyl-4-oxoretinoic acid, DTXSID501019279, and mezerein. Each docked complex was submitted to 150 ns-long molecular dynamics simulations to ascertain the binding stability. The results show that mulberrofuran G, cochlearine A, and both stereoisomers of pawhuskin B form very stable interactions with the active site region where the reaction product should form and are, therefore, good candidates for use as effective competitive inhibitors. The other compounds identified in the docking screen either afford extremely weak (or even hardly any) binding (such as ingenol dibenzoate, gniditrin, and mezerein) or must first undergo preliminary movements in the active site before attaining their stable binding conformations, in a process which may take from 60 to 80 ns (for DTXSID501019279, 3-cinnamyl-4-oxoretinoic acid or isogemichalcone C).
Keywords	hepatitis ; terpenoids ; treatment ; in silico ; molecular dynamics ; new drugs ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Povidone-iodine in wound healing and prevention of wound infections

Maksym K. Gmur / Tomasz M. Karpiński

European Journal of Biological Research, Vol 10, Iss

2020 Volume 3

Abstract: The wound infections caused by bacteria and fungi are a significant problem in healthcare. Therefore, an effective treatment and prevention seems to be essential. Povidone-iodine is one of the commercial antimicrobial agents used for skin disinfection, ... ...

Abstract	The wound infections caused by bacteria and fungi are a significant problem in healthcare. Therefore, an effective treatment and prevention seems to be essential. Povidone-iodine is one of the commercial antimicrobial agents used for skin disinfection, in surgery and for local anti-infective treatment. The broad activity spectrum of this compound includes numerous species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Povidone-iodine is recommended for acute wounds as well as lacerations, bruises and deep wounds due to its good tissue penetration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3958220
Keywords	Povidone-iodine ; PVP-I ; Antiseptic ; Antimicrobial ; Wound infection ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	TMKarpinski Publisher, Tomasz M. Karpiński
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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