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  1. Article ; Online: Evaluation of vehicle running performance on ash-covered roads

    Tatsuji Nishizawa / Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto / Tomohiro Kubo / Ryo Honda / Setsuya Nakada / Nobuko Kametani / Yasuhiro Ishimine / Shinya Yamamoto

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract The scale of volcanic eruptions influences the effects of wide-ranging disasters involving ashfall, such as the disruption of lifelines and paralysis of urban functions. This highlights the importance of vehicle availability on ash-covered roads ...

    Abstract Abstract The scale of volcanic eruptions influences the effects of wide-ranging disasters involving ashfall, such as the disruption of lifelines and paralysis of urban functions. This highlights the importance of vehicle availability on ash-covered roads for disaster management personnel involved in rescue and recovery efforts and for citizens who must evacuate or continue their social lives. We conducted tests to scientifically verify the running ability of vehicles on ash-covered roads. Results revealed that all-wheel-drive vehicles showed better running performance than two-wheel-drive vehicles, which get stuck when ashfall thickness exceeds 10 cm. Most of the vehicle’s drive power is consumed as energy to scrape ash grains from under the tires, hindering sufficient propulsion. In addition, the tires sink into the ash layer, which increases driving resistance and causes the vehicle to get stuck. Running ability on ash-covered roads is mainly determined by the relation between the “drive system” of the vehicle and the “thickness of ash” on the roads. In addition, road surface conditions, including ash thickness, could change in time and space because of traffic volume and weather conditions.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 629
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: CFAP70 Is a Novel Axoneme-Binding Protein That Localizes at the Base of the Outer Dynein Arm and Regulates Ciliary Motility

    Noritoshi Shamoto / Keishi Narita / Tomohiro Kubo / Toshiyuki Oda / Sen Takeda

    Cells, Vol 7, Iss 9, p

    2018  Volume 124

    Abstract: In the present study, we characterized CFAP70, a candidate of cilia-related protein in mice. As this protein has a cluster of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains like many components of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex, we investigated the ... ...

    Abstract In the present study, we characterized CFAP70, a candidate of cilia-related protein in mice. As this protein has a cluster of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains like many components of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex, we investigated the domain functions of particular interest in ciliary targeting and/or localization. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry of various mouse tissues demonstrated the association of CFAP70 with motile cilia and flagella. A stepwise extraction of proteins from swine tracheal cilia showed that CFAP70 bound tightly to the ciliary axoneme. Fluorescence microscopy of the cultured ependyma expressing fragments of CFAP70 demonstrated that the N-terminus rather than the C-terminus with the TPR domains was more important for the ciliary localization. When CFAP70 was knocked down in cultured mouse ependyma, reductions in cilia beating frequency were observed. Consistent with these observations, a Chlamydomonas mutant lacking the CFAP70 homolog, FAP70, showed defects in outer dynein arm (ODA) activity and a reduction in flagellar motility. Cryo-electron tomography revealed that the N-terminus of FAP70 resided stably at the base of the ODA. These results demonstrated that CFAP70 is a novel regulatory component of the ODA in motile cilia and flagella, and that the N-terminus is important for its ciliary localization.
    Keywords tetratricopeptide repeat containing protein ; outer dynein arm ; cryo-electron tomography ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: TIM, a targeted insertional mutagenesis method utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

    Tyler Picariello / Yuqing Hou / Tomohiro Kubo / Nathan A McNeill / Haru-Aki Yanagisawa / Toshiyuki Oda / George B Witman

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 5, p e

    2020  Volume 0232594

    Abstract: Generation and subsequent analysis of mutants is critical to understanding the functions of genes and proteins. Here we describe TIM, an efficient, cost-effective, CRISPR-based targeted insertional mutagenesis method for the model organism Chlamydomonas ... ...

    Abstract Generation and subsequent analysis of mutants is critical to understanding the functions of genes and proteins. Here we describe TIM, an efficient, cost-effective, CRISPR-based targeted insertional mutagenesis method for the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. TIM utilizes delivery into the cell of a Cas9-guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) together with exogenous double-stranded (donor) DNA. The donor DNA contains gene-specific homology arms and an integral antibiotic-resistance gene that inserts at the double-stranded break generated by Cas9. After optimizing multiple parameters of this method, we were able to generate mutants for six out of six different genes in two different cell-walled strains with mutation efficiencies ranging from 40% to 95%. Furthermore, these high efficiencies allowed simultaneous targeting of two separate genes in a single experiment. TIM is flexible with regard to many parameters and can be carried out using either electroporation or the glass-bead method for delivery of the RNP and donor DNA. TIM achieves a far higher mutation rate than any previously reported for CRISPR-based methods in C. reinhardtii and promises to be effective for many, if not all, non-essential nuclear genes.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Alternating Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals: Access to Tunable and Functional Polyester Copolymers

    Hill, Megan R / Brent S. Sumerlin / C. Adrian Figg / Sofia L. Goodrich / Tomohiro Kubo

    Macromolecules. 2018 July 03, v. 51, no. 14

    2018  

    Abstract: Radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) provides a route to synthesize degradable polyesters or to impart degradability onto traditionally nondegradable vinyl polymers under the mild conditions afforded by radical ... ...

    Abstract Radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) provides a route to synthesize degradable polyesters or to impart degradability onto traditionally nondegradable vinyl polymers under the mild conditions afforded by radical polymerization. Copolymerization of CKAs with vinyl monomers is a promising strategy to prepare functional degradable polymers. However, such copolymerizations often result in poor incorporation of the ester moiety due to low relative reactivity of CKAs and the propensity to polymerize through the exomethylene bond via 1,2-addition, without ring-opening to the ester moiety. We demonstrate that the copolymerization of 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO) with a variety of maleimides proceeds in a highly alternating fashion with quantitative ring-opening of BMDO to the ester, producing alternating polyester copolymers. Modifying the N-substituent of the maleimide provided a straightforward route to tuning the thermal properties of the polymers and introducing functionality for postpolymerization modification. Additionally, a hydrophilic macro-chain-transfer agent was chain extended via alternating copolymerization of BMDO and a maleimide to yield amphiphilic block copolymers that self-assembled into degradable nanoparticles.
    Keywords composite polymers ; copolymerization ; hydrophilicity ; moieties ; nanoparticles ; polyesters ; thermal properties
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0703
    Size p. 5079-5084.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1491942-4
    ISSN 1520-5835 ; 0024-9297
    ISSN (online) 1520-5835
    ISSN 0024-9297
    DOI 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00889
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: MUTYH is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model

    Hiroki Sakamoto / Koji Miyanishi / Shingo Tanaka / Ryo Ito / Kota Hamaguchi / Akira Sakurada / Masanori Sato / Tomohiro Kubo / Takahiro Osuga / Kazuyuki Murase / Kohichi Takada / Yusaku Nakabeppu / Masayoshi Kobune / Junji Kato

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC is associated with oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of NASH-related HCC is unclear. MUTYH is one of the enzymes that is involved in repair of oxidative DNA ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC is associated with oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of NASH-related HCC is unclear. MUTYH is one of the enzymes that is involved in repair of oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MUTYH and NASH-related hepatocarcinogenesis. MUTYH wild-type (Mutyh +/+), heterozygous (Mutyh +/−), and MUTYH-null (Mutyh −/−) mice were fed a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet or HFHC + high iron diet (20 mice per group) for 9 months. Five of 20 Mutyh −/− mice fed an HFHC + high iron diet developed liver tumors, and they developed more liver tumors than other groups (especially vs. Mutyh+/+ fed an HFHC diet, P = 0.0168). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly higher accumulation of oxidative stress markers in mice fed an HFHC + high iron diet. The gene expression profiles in the non-tumorous hepatic tissues were compared between wild-type mice that developed no liver tumors and MUTYH-null mice that developed liver tumors. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis identified the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and increased expression of c-Myc in MUTYH-null liver. These findings suggest that MUTYH deficiency is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with NASH with hepatic iron accumulation.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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