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  1. Article: Doubts on ancient bone “microbiota” studies: A comment on Kazarina et al. (2019)

    Toranzos, Gary A.

    Journal of archaeological science. 2022 Oct., v. 146

    2022  

    Abstract: A recent publication evaluates microbial genome sequences from DNA isolated from ancient bones and compares these DNA sequences to those found in the surrounding soil. Although we need to be aware of environmental contamination when carrying out ... ...

    Abstract A recent publication evaluates microbial genome sequences from DNA isolated from ancient bones and compares these DNA sequences to those found in the surrounding soil. Although we need to be aware of environmental contamination when carrying out paleomicrobiological analyses, we should also realize that some samples do not contain their own microbiota and thus any microbial sequences observed can only come from the surrounding environment.
    Keywords DNA ; archaeology ; genome ; microorganisms ; pollution ; soil
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-10
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1468969-8
    ISSN 0305-4403
    ISSN 0305-4403
    DOI 10.1016/j.jas.2020.105112
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Deciphering Diets and Lifestyles of Prehistoric Humans through Paleoparasitology: A Review.

    Wiscovitch-Russo, Rosana A / Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M / Toranzos, Gary A

    Genes

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: Parasites have affected and coevolved with humans and animals throughout history. Evidence of ancient parasitic infections, particularly, reside in archeological remains originating from different sources dating to various periods of times. The study of ... ...

    Abstract Parasites have affected and coevolved with humans and animals throughout history. Evidence of ancient parasitic infections, particularly, reside in archeological remains originating from different sources dating to various periods of times. The study of ancient parasites preserved in archaeological remains is known as paleoparasitology, and it initially intended to interpret migration, evolution, and dispersion patterns of ancient parasites, along with their hosts. Recently, paleoparasitology has been used to better understand dietary habits and lifestyles of ancient human societies. Paleoparasitology is increasingly being recognized as an interdisciplinary field within paleopathology that integrates areas such as palynology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology. Paleoparasitology also incorporates techniques such as microscopy, immunoassays, PCR, targeted sequencing, and more recently, high-throughput sequencing or shotgun metagenomics to understand ancient parasitic infections and thus interpret migration and evolution patterns, as well as dietary habits and lifestyles. The present review covers the original theories developed in the field of paleoparasitology, as well as the biology of some parasites identified in pre-Columbian cultures. Conclusions, as well as assumptions made during the discovery of the parasites in ancient samples, and how their identification may aid in better understanding part of human history, ancient diet, and lifestyles are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Parasites ; Parasitic Diseases/parasitology ; Paleopathology/methods ; Diet ; Life Style
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2527218-4
    ISSN 2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
    ISSN (online) 2073-4425
    ISSN 2073-4425
    DOI 10.3390/genes14020303
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Coliphages as indicators of primary wastewater treatment efficiency by constructed wetlands.

    Hernandez-Rivera, Gisela / Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M / Toranzos, Gary A

    Journal of water and health

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 409–416

    Abstract: Constructed wetlands are an efficient and cost-effective system for the treatment of wastewater that can be reused for diverse purposes, including irrigation; however, few studies have determined the efficiency of microbial removal by constructed ... ...

    Abstract Constructed wetlands are an efficient and cost-effective system for the treatment of wastewater that can be reused for diverse purposes, including irrigation; however, few studies have determined the efficiency of microbial removal by constructed wetlands in tropical regions. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the microbial quality of the influent and effluent of a constructed wetland in Puerto Rico, using traditional bacterial indicators (i.e., thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci), as well as somatic and male-specific (F+) coliphages. Results showed that over 99.9 and 97.7% of thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci were removed after treatment by constructed wetlands, respectively. Notably, approximately 84.0% of male-specific (F+) coliphages were removed, while somatic and total coliphages exhibited differing removal percentages at different steps during treatment by constructed wetlands. The potential risk of the presence of enteric viruses in treated wastewater by constructed wetlands may increase when considering traditional bacterial indicators exclusively. The present study may aid in the efforts to determine public health concerns associated with the exposure of bioaerosols resulting from wastewater treatment by constructed wetlands.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Wetlands ; Wastewater ; Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods ; Coliphages ; Water Purification/methods ; Bacteria ; Enterococcus
    Chemical Substances Wastewater
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2123845-5
    ISSN 1996-7829 ; 1477-8920
    ISSN (online) 1996-7829
    ISSN 1477-8920
    DOI 10.2166/wh.2023.287
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: MULTI-OMICS as Invaluable Tools for the Elucidation of Host-Microbe-Microbiota Interactions.

    Toranzos, Gary A / Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 21

    Abstract: Omics" is becoming an increasingly recognizable term, even to the general public, as it is used more and more often in everyday scientific research [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract "Omics" is becoming an increasingly recognizable term, even to the general public, as it is used more and more often in everyday scientific research [...].
    MeSH term(s) Microbiota ; Host Microbial Interactions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms232113303
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  5. Article: Effect of nutrient availability on lipid productivity of Botryococcus sp. (Botryococcaceae, Chlorophyta), a newly isolated tropical microalgae strain from Puerto Rico

    Dávila, Catalina / Toranzos, Gary A

    Caribbean journal of science. 2020 Feb. 3, v. 50, no. 1

    2020  

    Abstract: Microalgae are promising sources of biofuels due to the high lipid content of some species. However, growing microalgae at large scales involves high production costs, mainly associated with nutrient inputs and harvesting processes. Therefore, to be cost ...

    Abstract Microalgae are promising sources of biofuels due to the high lipid content of some species. However, growing microalgae at large scales involves high production costs, mainly associated with nutrient inputs and harvesting processes. Therefore, to be cost competitive, species to be used as a source of fuels should be capable of accumulating lipids and biomass at lower fertilizer inputs. In the present study, we isolated and identified a native microalgal strain of Botryococcus sp. which was cultured under varying nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon dioxide regimes. The effects of nutrient availability on biomass, lipid production and fatty acid profiles were examined. We observed an increase in the relative lipid content from 25.5% under nitrogen non-limiting conditions to 41.8% under nitrogen deprivation. The lipid profile induced by nitrogen limitation was found to be dominated by saturated and monounsaturated lipid classes, meeting the European Standards for biodiesel and oil suitable for biofuel production. Thus, this Botryococcus sp. has the potential to be used at large scale cultures with the purpose of producing biofuels with lower fertilizer costs.
    Keywords Botryococcus ; biodiesel ; biomass ; carbon dioxide ; fatty acids ; fertilizers ; fuel production ; lipid content ; microalgae ; nitrogen ; nutrient availability ; phosphorus ; Caribbean ; Puerto Rico
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0203
    Size p. 60-73.
    Publishing place University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2016900-0
    ISSN 0008-6452
    ISSN 0008-6452
    DOI 10.18475/cjos.v50i1.a9
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Deciphering Diets and Lifestyles of Prehistoric Humans through Paleoparasitology: A Review

    Wiscovitch-Russo, Rosana A. / Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M. / Toranzos, Gary A.

    Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan. 24, v. 14, no. 2

    2023  

    Abstract: Parasites have affected and coevolved with humans and animals throughout history. Evidence of ancient parasitic infections, particularly, reside in archeological remains originating from different sources dating to various periods of times. The study of ... ...

    Abstract Parasites have affected and coevolved with humans and animals throughout history. Evidence of ancient parasitic infections, particularly, reside in archeological remains originating from different sources dating to various periods of times. The study of ancient parasites preserved in archaeological remains is known as paleoparasitology, and it initially intended to interpret migration, evolution, and dispersion patterns of ancient parasites, along with their hosts. Recently, paleoparasitology has been used to better understand dietary habits and lifestyles of ancient human societies. Paleoparasitology is increasingly being recognized as an interdisciplinary field within paleopathology that integrates areas such as palynology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology. Paleoparasitology also incorporates techniques such as microscopy, immunoassays, PCR, targeted sequencing, and more recently, high-throughput sequencing or shotgun metagenomics to understand ancient parasitic infections and thus interpret migration and evolution patterns, as well as dietary habits and lifestyles. The present review covers the original theories developed in the field of paleoparasitology, as well as the biology of some parasites identified in pre-Columbian cultures. Conclusions, as well as assumptions made during the discovery of the parasites in ancient samples, and how their identification may aid in better understanding part of human history, ancient diet, and lifestyles are discussed.
    Keywords archaeobotany ; coevolution ; diet ; humans ; metagenomics ; microscopy ; palynology
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0124
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2527218-4
    ISSN 2073-4425
    ISSN 2073-4425
    DOI 10.3390/genes14020303
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Multiomics and Health: A Holistic Approach to Better Understand the Role of the Microbiome.

    Toranzos, Gary A / Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 19

    Abstract: The present Special Issue focuses on the latest approaches to health and public health microbiology using multiomics [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract The present Special Issue focuses on the latest approaches to health and public health microbiology using multiomics [...].
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria/classification ; Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; Holistic Health/standards ; Humans ; Metabolome ; Metagenome ; Microbiota ; Proteome ; Public Health/standards
    Chemical Substances Proteome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms221910786
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  8. Article: Mycobiome-Host Coevolution? The Mycobiome of Ancestral Human Populations Seems to Be Different and Less Diverse Than Those of Extant Native and Urban-Industrialized Populations

    Reynoso-García, Jelissa / Narganes-Storde, Yvonne / Santiago-Rodriguez, Tasha M. / Toranzos, Gary A.

    Microorganisms. 2022 Feb. 16, v. 10, no. 2

    2022  

    Abstract: Few data exist on the human gut mycobiome in relation to lifestyle, ethnicity, and dietary habits. To understand the effect of these factors on the structure of the human gut mycobiome, we analyzed sequences belonging to two extinct pre-Columbian ... ...

    Abstract Few data exist on the human gut mycobiome in relation to lifestyle, ethnicity, and dietary habits. To understand the effect of these factors on the structure of the human gut mycobiome, we analyzed sequences belonging to two extinct pre-Columbian cultures inhabiting Puerto Rico (the Huecoid and Saladoid) and compared them to coprolite samples found in Mexico and Ötzi, the Iceman’s large intestine. Stool mycobiome samples from extant populations in Peru and urban cultures from the United States were also included. The ancient Puerto Rican cultures exhibited a lower fungal diversity in comparison to the extant populations. Dissimilarity distances showed that the Huecoid gut mycobiome resembled that from ancient Mexico. Fungal genera including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rasamsonia spp., Byssochlamys spp., Talaromyces spp., Blastomyces spp., Monascus spp., and Penicilliopsis spp. were differentially abundant in the ancient and extant populations. Despite cultural differences, certain fungal taxa were present in all samples. These results suggest that culture and diet may impact the gut mycobiome and emphasize that modern lifestyles could be associated with the alteration of gut mycobiome diversity. The present study presents data on ancient and extant human gut mycobiomes in terms of lifestyle, ethnicity, and diet in the Americas.
    Keywords Aspergillus ; Blastomyces ; Byssochlamys ; Monascus ; Penicillium ; Talaromyces ; coevolution ; diet ; fungi ; humans ; large intestine ; lifestyle ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; Mexico ; Peru ; Puerto Rico
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0216
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10020459
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Definitions and Historical Perspectives in Environmental Forensics.

    Toranzos, Gary A / Cano, Raúl J

    Microbiology spectrum

    2018  Volume 6, Issue 2

    Abstract: Environmental forensics is a tool that uses chemical, physical, and statistical techniques to investigate contaminants in the environment as a means to determine attribution for legal purposes. Environmental microbiology is a branch of science that has ... ...

    Abstract Environmental forensics is a tool that uses chemical, physical, and statistical techniques to investigate contaminants in the environment as a means to determine attribution for legal purposes. Environmental microbiology is a branch of science that has benefited from the use of metagenomics. The term microbial forensics, which includes nucleic acid sequencing methods, is now used to investigate the sources of microorganisms for attribution purposes as well. Environmental microbial forensics can fully address the questions that must be answered for attribution of causation and subsequent remedial actions within a reasonably short time frame. Although
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Microbiology/standards ; Forensic Genetics/methods ; Forensic Genetics/standards ; Forensic Sciences/methods ; Forensic Sciences/standards ; Humans ; Metagenomics ; Microbiological Techniques/methods ; Microbiological Techniques/standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/microbiolspec.EMF-0016-2018
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  10. Article ; Online: Future Technologies.

    Cano, Raúl J / Toranzos, Gary A

    Microbiology spectrum

    2018  Volume 6, Issue 2

    Abstract: Microbiome analysis of environmental samples may represent the next frontier in environmental microbial forensics. Next-generation sequencing technologies significantly increased the available genetic data that could be used as evidentiary material. It ... ...

    Abstract Microbiome analysis of environmental samples may represent the next frontier in environmental microbial forensics. Next-generation sequencing technologies significantly increased the available genetic data that could be used as evidentiary material. It is not clear, however, whether the microbiome can scale across institutions using forensic-based evidence due to the data resource requirements and the associated costs of maintaining these databases. A successful microbiome study is impacted by the quality of the information gathered and the steps in sample processing and data analysis. To ascertain the validity of methods and the results obtained, there needs to be a stringent procedure to validate the methods and ensure that the results are comparable and reproducible, not only within the laboratory but also between laboratories conducting similar research. Of primary importance for meaningful microbiome studies is an experimental design that leads to carefully executed, controlled, and reproducible studies. The microbiome literature contains a fair share of anecdotal descriptions of microbial community composition and "diagnostic" relative abundance of the taxa therein. These studies are now being supplemented by experimental designs that feature repeated measurements, error estimates, correlations of microbiota with covariates, and increasingly sophisticated statistical tests that enhance the robustness of data analysis and study conclusions. It is imperative to be careful, especially when carrying out attribution studies, to be fully aware of the possible biases included in a specific sample being analyzed.
    MeSH term(s) Computational Biology/methods ; Computational Biology/standards ; Data Analysis ; Environmental Microbiology ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Environmental Monitoring/standards ; Forensic Genetics/methods ; Forensic Genetics/standards ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; Metagenomics/methods ; Metagenomics/standards ; Microbiota/genetics ; Microbiota/physiology ; Quality Control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2165-0497
    ISSN (online) 2165-0497
    DOI 10.1128/microbiolspec.EMF-0015-2018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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