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  1. Article: The Economic Impact of Parasitism from Nematodes, Trematodes and Ticks on Beef Cattle Production.

    Strydom, Tom / Lavan, Robert P / Torres, Siddhartha / Heaney, Kathleen

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 10

    Abstract: Global human population growth requires the consumption of more meat such as beef to meet human needs for protein intake. Cattle parasites are a constant and serious threat to the development of the beef cattle industry. Studies have shown that parasites ...

    Abstract Global human population growth requires the consumption of more meat such as beef to meet human needs for protein intake. Cattle parasites are a constant and serious threat to the development of the beef cattle industry. Studies have shown that parasites not only reduce the performance of beef cattle, but also negatively affect the profitability of beef agriculture and have many other impacts, including contributing to the production of greenhouse gases. In addition, some zoonotic parasitic diseases may also threaten human health. Therefore, ongoing cattle parasite research is crucial for continual parasite control and the development of the beef cattle industry. Parasitism challenges profitable beef production by reducing feed efficiency, immune function, reproductive efficiency, liveweight, milk yield, calf yield and carcass weight, and leads to liver condemnations and disease transmission. Globally, beef cattle producers incur billions (US$) in losses due to parasitism annually, with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and cattle ticks causing the greatest economic impact. The enormity of losses justifies parasitic control measures to protect profits and improve animal welfare. Geographical differences in production environment, management practices, climate, cattle age and genotype, parasite epidemiology and susceptibility to chemotherapies necessitate control methods customized for each farm. Appropriate use of anthelmintics, endectocides and acaricides have widely been shown to result in net positive return on investment. Implementing strategic parasite control measures, with thorough knowledge of parasite risk, prevalence, parasiticide resistance profiles and prices can result in positive economic returns for beef cattle farmers in all sectors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani13101599
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Economic Impact of Parasitism from Nematodes, Trematodes and Ticks on Beef Cattle Production

    Strydom, Tom / Lavan, Robert P. / Torres, Siddhartha / Heaney, Kathleen

    Animals. 2023 May 10, v. 13, no. 10

    2023  

    Abstract: Global human population growth requires the consumption of more meat such as beef to meet human needs for protein intake. Cattle parasites are a constant and serious threat to the development of the beef cattle industry. Studies have shown that parasites ...

    Abstract Global human population growth requires the consumption of more meat such as beef to meet human needs for protein intake. Cattle parasites are a constant and serious threat to the development of the beef cattle industry. Studies have shown that parasites not only reduce the performance of beef cattle, but also negatively affect the profitability of beef agriculture and have many other impacts, including contributing to the production of greenhouse gases. In addition, some zoonotic parasitic diseases may also threaten human health. Therefore, ongoing cattle parasite research is crucial for continual parasite control and the development of the beef cattle industry. Parasitism challenges profitable beef production by reducing feed efficiency, immune function, reproductive efficiency, liveweight, milk yield, calf yield and carcass weight, and leads to liver condemnations and disease transmission. Globally, beef cattle producers incur billions (US$) in losses due to parasitism annually, with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and cattle ticks causing the greatest economic impact. The enormity of losses justifies parasitic control measures to protect profits and improve animal welfare. Geographical differences in production environment, management practices, climate, cattle age and genotype, parasite epidemiology and susceptibility to chemotherapies necessitate control methods customized for each farm. Appropriate use of anthelmintics, endectocides and acaricides have widely been shown to result in net positive return on investment. Implementing strategic parasite control measures, with thorough knowledge of parasite risk, prevalence, parasiticide resistance profiles and prices can result in positive economic returns for beef cattle farmers in all sectors.
    Keywords Nematoda ; Trematoda ; acaricides ; animal welfare ; anthelmintics ; beef ; beef cattle ; beef industry ; beef production ; body weight ; calves ; carcass weight ; cattle production ; climate ; disease transmission ; economic impact ; farms ; feed conversion ; gastrointestinal nematodes ; genotype ; greenhouses ; human health ; human population ; humans ; immune response ; liver ; milk yield ; parasitism ; population growth ; profitability ; protein intake ; reproductive efficiency ; risk
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0510
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani13101599
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: Two protocols using fluralaner for Rhipicephalus microplus strategic control on taurine cattle in a tropical region.

    de Aquino, Lidia Mendes / Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / Barufi, Francisco / de Amaral, Heitor Oliveira Arriero / de Borges, Fernando de Almeida / Gallina, Tiago / de Mendonça, Rafael Paranhos / Soares, Vando Edésio / Monteiro, Caio Marcio Oliveira / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

    Parasites & vectors

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 15

    Abstract: Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region ... ...

    Abstract Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different treatment strategies using a new commercial formulation containing pour-on fluralaner on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cattle and in pastures in a tropical climate region where up to five generations of this tick species can occur per year.
    Methods: Forty-five naturally infested cattle were divided into three experimental groups: T01, treated with fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) pour-on every 42 days; T02, the cattle received the first treatment with fluralaner on Day 0 but the next treatment involved a weekly visual evaluation; T03, control, received palliative treatment with a spray formulation when the group mean was ≥ 30 ticks. Counts of female R. microplus were performed weekly until day 343, and larval counts on pasture were performed on Days 0, 30, and 60 and every 30 days until Day 330.
    Results: Using fluralaner, six applications were performed in Group T01, and four were performed in Group T02. In the control group (T03), it was necessary to perform eight palliative acaricide treatments with the spray formulation. The animals in T01 and T02 showed lower mean tick counts (p ≤ 0.05) than the control group (T03) on 28 and 27 of the 49 evaluated dates, respectively. In the paddock where the animals were kept as controls, the R. microplus larvae counts increased to 1458. In the paddocks where the animals were treated with fluralaner, the number was ≤ 19 per paddock during the study.
    Conclusions: The different strategic treatment protocols performed with pour-on fluralaner (2.5 mg/kg) over a year in taurine cattle in a tropical region with a history of up to five annual generations of cattle ticks were effective, maintaining levels of R. microplus infestations in animals and in pastures close to zero in most of the study. Depending on the retreatment criterion adopted, the number of applications per year may be lower, resulting in a reduction in the mean cost of acaricide treatment per year and lower exposure of R. microplus populations to the active ingredient, resulting in lower resistance and selection pressure.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Animals ; Cattle ; Rhipicephalus ; Acaricides ; Isoxazoles/therapeutic use ; Larva
    Chemical Substances A1443 compound ; Acaricides ; Isoxazoles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
    ISSN (online) 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-023-06107-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Efficiency of fluralaner pour-on in different strategic control protocols against Rhipicephalus microplus on Brangus cattle in a tropical area.

    Reckziegel, Guilherme Henrique / de Freitas, Mariana Green / Tutija, Juliane Francielle / Rodrigues, Vinícius Duarte / Borges, Dyego Gonçalves Lino / de Freitas, Murilo Damasceno Brunet / Gallina, Tiago / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / de Oliveira Arriero Amaral, Heitor / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / de Almeida Borges, Fernando

    Parasites & vectors

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

    Abstract: Background: The occurrence of higher winter temperatures in Brazilian areas with tropical and highland climates may result in a fifth peak of tick populations during winter in addition to the four generations previously described. Therefore, a strategic ...

    Abstract Background: The occurrence of higher winter temperatures in Brazilian areas with tropical and highland climates may result in a fifth peak of tick populations during winter in addition to the four generations previously described. Therefore, a strategic control protocol was developed with treatments in two seasons with the objective of controlling the generations of ticks that occur in spring/summer and those that occur in autumn/winter.
    Methods: The study was conducted in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from the beginning of the rainy season, November 2020, to October 2021. In a randomized block design, 36 calves were distributed into three groups: (i) negative control; (ii) traditional strategic control in one season (SC1S), at the beginning of the rainy season; and (iii) strategic control in two seasons (SC2S), at the beginning and end of the rainy season. The SC1S strategic control group was treated on day 0, November 2020, and twice more with intervals of 42 days. The SC2S group received three more treatments beginning on day 182, May 2021, with intervals of 42 days. All treatments consisted of 5% fluralaner (Exzolt
    Results: Fluralaner showed a mean efficacy of more than 95% up to day 294. The two treated groups showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in the average number of ticks on day 3. In the SC2S group, the means were close or equal to zero throughout the study, while in the SC1S group, the means did not differ (P > 0.05) from those of the control group from day 231 onward. The final mean weight gain of each group was 76.40 kg, 98.63 kg, and 115.38 kg for the control, SC1S, and SC2S groups, respectively, differing (P < 0.05) from each other.
    Conclusions: Therefore, three applications of fluralaner, with one application every 42 days from the beginning of the rainy season in the middle spring, resulted in effective tick control for 224 days. When three additional treatments were given in autumn/winter with intervals of 42 days between applications, tick counts were reduced throughout the year. This strategic control approach may be indicated in years with climatic conditions that allow that population peaks are expected to occur in the autumn/winter period.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Rhipicephalus ; Isoxazoles/pharmacology ; Brazil ; Rain
    Chemical Substances A1443 compound ; Isoxazoles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
    ISSN (online) 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-024-06199-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Enzootic stability of tick fever in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region, subjected to strategic cattle tick control with fluralaner.

    Zapa, Dina Maria Beltran / de Aquino, Lidia Mendes / Couto, Luiz Felipe Monteiro / Heller, Luciana Maffini / de Morais, Igor Maciel Lopes / Salvador, Vanessa Ferreira / Leal, Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins / Trindade, Artur Siqueira Nunes / de Freitas Paula, Warley Vieira / de Lima, Nicolas Jalowitzki / Ferreira, Lorena Lopes / de Castro Rodrigues, Daniel / Strydom, Tom / Torres, Siddhartha / Soares, Vando Edésio / de Oliveira Monteiro, Caio Marcio / da Silva Krawczak, Felipe / Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti

    Parasites & vectors

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 120

    Abstract: Background: In 2022, fluralaner was launched on the market for use in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus after showing 100% efficacy in registration trials against the causative agents of cattle tick fever (TFAs). The aim of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: In 2022, fluralaner was launched on the market for use in the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus after showing 100% efficacy in registration trials against the causative agents of cattle tick fever (TFAs). The aim of the present study was to determine whether a strategic control regimen against R. microplus using fluralaner (FLU) in Holstein calves grazing in a tropical region would alter the enzootic stability status of cattle tick fever, triggering outbreaks in these animals up to 22 months age.
    Methods: In this study, a group of calves treated with FLU was compared with a control group treated with the regimen currently being used on the farm, which consisted of the fipronil + fluazuron formulation (FIFLUA). In the first experiment, the efficacy of the FIFLUA pour-on formulation was evaluated in a field study. In the second experiment, which lasted 550 days, two experimental groups (n = 30/group) of Holstein calves naturally infested with R. microplus were analyzed. Calves aged 4 to 10 months received either a specific treatment regimen with FLU (experimental group) or FIFLUA (control group). During this period, tick counts, animal weight measurement, feces collection (to determine eggs and oocysts per gram of feces), tick fever monitoring, blood smears (to ascertain enzootic stability of the herd), PCR testing for TFAs and serology (indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [iELISA]) were performed. All calves were evaluated for signs of tick fever between ages 11 and 22 months.
    Results: FIFLUA showed an acaricidal efficacy of > 90% from post-treatment days 14 to 35. Regarding treatments against the TFAs, the average number of treatments was similar between groups, but animals treated with FLU had a smaller reduction in packed cell volume on some of the evaluation dates of the second and third treatment against TFAs. In calves aged 10 months in the FLU group, B. bovis was not detected by PCR (0/15 samples), 40% of the samples had antibody titers and 33% (10/30) of the samples had positive blood smears. Regarding B. bigemina, > 86% of the samples in both groups tested positive for B. bigemina DNA and antibodies; there was no difference in the antibody titers between the groups. There were no clinical cases of cattle tick fever in calves aged 11 to 22 months.
    Conclusions: In comparison with the control treatment, the strategic control regimen against R. microplus with FLU that was implemented in the present study did not negatively affect the enzootic stability status of A. marginale and B. bigemina in the herd up to 22 months of age. The enzootic stability status of B. bovis was not reached by either group. These results likely represent a characteristic of the local tick population, so further studies should be performed.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Tick Control ; Tick Infestations/drug therapy ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology ; Ovum ; Babesiosis/epidemiology ; Anaplasmosis/epidemiology ; Rhipicephalus ; Isoxazoles
    Chemical Substances A1443 compound ; Isoxazoles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2409480-8
    ISSN 1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
    ISSN (online) 1756-3305
    ISSN 1756-3305
    DOI 10.1186/s13071-024-06212-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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