Article ; Online: Managing severe tuberculosis and its sequelae: from intensive care to surgery and rehabilitation.
2019 Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) e20180324
Abstract: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) continue to challenge physicians and public health specialists. Global treatment outcomes continue to be unsatisfactory, positive outcomes being achieved in ... ...
| Abstract | Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) continue to challenge physicians and public health specialists. Global treatment outcomes continue to be unsatisfactory, positive outcomes being achieved in only 54% of patients. Overall outcomes are even worse in patients infected with highly resistant strains. Treating MDR-/XDR-TB is difficult because of frequent adverse events, the long duration of drug regimens, the high costs of second-line drugs, chronic post-infectious sequelae, and loss of organ function. Ongoing research efforts (studies and trials) have various aims: increasing the rates of treatment success; understanding the potentialities of new and repurposed drugs; shortening the treatment duration; and reducing the rates of adverse events. It is hoped that better access to rapid diagnostics, increased awareness, and treatments that are more effective will reduce the rate of complications and of lung function impairment. This article aims to discuss the management of severe tuberculosis (defined as that which is potentially life threatening, requiring higher levels of care) and its sequelae, from intensive care to the postoperative period, rehabilitation, and recovery. We also discuss the nonpharmacological interventions available to manage chronic sequelae and improve patient quality of life. Because the majority of MDR-/XDR-TB cases evolve to lung function impairment (typically obstructive but occasionally restrictive), impaired quality of life, and low performance status (as measured by walk tests or other metrics), other interventions (e.g., smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccination/prevention of secondary bacterial infections/exacerbations, complemented by psychological and nutritional support) are required. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Critical Care ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy |
| Chemical Substances | Antitubercular Agents |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publishing date | 2019-04-25 |
| Publishing country | Brazil |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 2223157-2 |
| ISSN | 1806-3756 ; 1806-3713 |
| ISSN (online) | 1806-3756 |
| ISSN | 1806-3713 |
| DOI | 10.1590/1806-3713/e20180324 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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