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Article ; Online: Ontology-based decision support systems for diabetes nutrition therapy: A systematic literature review.

Spoladore, Daniele / Tosi, Martina / Lorenzini, Erna Cecilia

2024 Volume 151, Page(s) 102859

Abstract: Diabetes is a non-communicable disease that has reached epidemic proportions, affecting 537 million people globally. Artificial Intelligence can support patients or clinicians in diabetes nutrition therapy - the first medical therapy in most cases of ... ...

Abstract	Diabetes is a non-communicable disease that has reached epidemic proportions, affecting 537 million people globally. Artificial Intelligence can support patients or clinicians in diabetes nutrition therapy - the first medical therapy in most cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. In particular, ontology-based recommender and decision support systems can deliver a computable representation of experts' knowledge, thus delivering patient-tailored nutritional recommendations or supporting clinical personnel in identifying the most suitable diet. This work proposes a systematic literature review of the domain ontologies describing diabetes in such systems, identifying their underlying conceptualizations, the users targeted by the systems, the type(s) of diabetes tackled, and the nutritional recommendations provided. This review also delves into the structure of the domain ontologies, highlighting several aspects that may hinder (or foster) their adoption in recommender and decision support systems for diabetes nutrition therapy. The results of this review process allow to underline how recommendations are formulated and the role of clinical experts in developing domain ontologies, outlining the research trends characterizing this research area. The results also allow for identifying research directions that can foster a preeminent role for clinical experts and clinical guidelines in a cooperative effort to make ontologies more interoperable - thus enabling them to play a significant role in the decision-making processes about diabetes nutrition therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Nutrition Therapy/methods ; Biological Ontologies ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus/diet therapy ; Artificial Intelligence ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	645179-2
ISSN	1873-2860 ; 0933-3657
ISSN (online)	1873-2860
ISSN	0933-3657
DOI	10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102859
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Article: Grandparents, family solidarity and the division of housework: evidence from the Italian case.

Albertini, Marco / Tosi, Marco

Genus

2022 Volume 78, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

Abstract: As a consequence of recent socio-demographic trends and labour market transformations the role of grandparental support has become pivotal in individuals' and households' life courses. In Southern European countries the availability of grandparents ... ...

Abstract	As a consequence of recent socio-demographic trends and labour market transformations the role of grandparental support has become pivotal in individuals' and households' life courses. In Southern European countries the availability of grandparents affects young couples' labour market participation and fertility decisions. In the present paper, it is asked if the potential availability of social support from the older family generation is associated with more or less inequality in the division of unpaid housework in couples with minor children, in Italy. Using data from the 2016 Family and Social Subjects survey it is shown that while there is not a clear relation between intergenerational face-to-face contacts and the symmetry of the division of household labour, adult children and older (grand)parents coresidence is associated with a more gender-equal sharing of housework within couples, arguably because co-residing grandparents take on the execution of a number of household tasks. The observed effect is comparable to that of hiring a paid housekeeper and higher than hiring a babysitter. Thus, despite one may think that three-generation households are characterized by a culture of traditional norms, our findings indicate that they have a more gender-equal division of housework.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2658579-0
ISSN	2035-5556 ; 0016-6987
ISSN (online)	2035-5556
ISSN	0016-6987
DOI	10.1186/s41118-022-00168-4
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Article ; Online: Mental Health Around the Transition to First Birth: Does Medically Assisted Reproduction Matter?

Tosi, Marco / Goisis, Alice

Demography

2021 Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 1347–1371

Abstract: Previous research has shown that childbearing is associated with short-term improvements in women's subjective well-being but that these effects depend on the timing and quantum of the birth as well as on the parents' education and socioeconomic status. ... ...

Abstract	Previous research has shown that childbearing is associated with short-term improvements in women's subjective well-being but that these effects depend on the timing and quantum of the birth as well as on the parents' education and socioeconomic status. These studies did not address whether and, if so, how this effect varies according to the mode of conception. This represents an important knowledge gap, given that conceptions through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) have been increasing rapidly in recent decades, exceeding 5% of live births in some European countries. Drawing on nine waves (2009/2010-2017/2018) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, we use distributed fixed-effects linear regression models to examine changes in women's mental health before, during, and after natural and MAR conceptions. The results show that the mental health of women who conceived naturally improved around the time of conception and then gradually returned to baseline levels; comparatively, the mental health of women who conceived through MAR declined in the year before pregnancy and then gradually recovered. The findings also indicate that women's happiness decreased both two years and one year before an MAR conception and then increased above the baseline in the year of pregnancy. We further show that the deterioration in mental health and subjective well-being before an MAR conception affects both partners, which could be part of a longer process in which the partners potentially suffer from stress related not solely to the MAR treatments themselves but also to the experience of subfertility.
MeSH term(s)	Birth Order ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Live Birth ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mental Health ; Pregnancy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280612-5
ISSN	1533-7790 ; 0070-3370
ISSN (online)	1533-7790
ISSN	0070-3370
DOI	10.1215/00703370-9335177
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Article: Sonographic changes in the thyroid gland after sclerotherapy with doxycycline can be mistaken for thyroid cancer.

Raeymaeckers, Steven / Tosi, Maurizio / Sol, Bastiaan / De Mey, Johan

Thyroid research

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 33

Abstract: Background: The literature considers sclerotherapy to be a safe and effective treatment for benign thyroid cysts. No subsequent diagnostic problems have been reported as a complication. We report the occurrence of focal inflammation after said therapy, ... ...

Abstract	Background: The literature considers sclerotherapy to be a safe and effective treatment for benign thyroid cysts. No subsequent diagnostic problems have been reported as a complication. We report the occurrence of focal inflammation after said therapy, mimicking a thyroid malignancy. Case presentation: We report a case of a young male with a solitary strongly suspicious lesion in the thyroid. The patient had undergone prior sclerotherapy of a thyroid cyst with Doxycycline. The lesion appeared to be a focal area of inflammation and thus iatrogenic in nature. Systemic use of doxycycline is known to sometimes cause a non-immune chemical thyroiditis, dubbed as black thyroid due to the intense black discoloration of the thyroid. It might be that the instillation of doxycycline was responsible for a similar, more localized area of thyroiditis. Conclusions: For the work-up of a solitary suspicious thyroid lesion, the medical history of the patient should always be considered. In case of prior ipsilateral sclerotherapy, a reactive inflammatory response may mimic thyroid malignancy. A fine needle aspiration should be performed to exclude thyroid cancer. Treatment is not necessary; the process appears to be self-limiting as evidenced in the follow-up of this case.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2454440-1
ISSN	1756-6614
ISSN	1756-6614
DOI	10.1186/s13044-023-00177-1
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Article ; Online: Hand Hygiene Social Norms Among Healthcare Workers During Early COVID-19: Results of a Global Survey.

Gon, Giorgia / Szekely, Aron / Lowe, Hattie / Tosi, Marco

International journal of public health

2022 Volume 67, Page(s) 1604981

Abstract: Objectives: ...

Abstract	Objectives:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274130-6
ISSN	1661-8564 ; 1661-8556
ISSN (online)	1661-8564
ISSN	1661-8556
DOI	10.3389/ijph.2022.1604981
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Article: La diagnosi di II livello ed i percorsi riabilitativi: il ruolo dei Servizi per le Tossicodipendenze.

Tosi, M

Giornale italiano di medicina del lavoro ed ergonomia

2008 Volume 30, Issue 3 Suppl, Page(s) 78–79

Title translation	Level II diagnosis and rehabilitation programs: role of drug dependence services.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation
Language	Italian
Publishing date	2008-07
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603103-1
ISSN	1592-7830 ; 0391-9889
ISSN	1592-7830 ; 0391-9889
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Article ; Online: Glycomacropeptide-Based Protein Substitutes for Children with Phenylketonuria in Italy: A Nutritional Comparison.

Tosi, Martina / Fiori, Laura / Tagi, Veronica Maria / Gambino, Mirko / Montanari, Chiara / Bosetti, Alessandra / Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo / Verduci, Elvira

Nutrients

2024 Volume 16, Issue 7

Abstract: Advancements in food science technology have allowed the development of new products for the therapeutic management of inherited metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU). Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a peptide derived from casein, is naturally low in ...

Abstract	Advancements in food science technology have allowed the development of new products for the therapeutic management of inherited metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria (PKU). Glycomacropeptide (GMP), a peptide derived from casein, is naturally low in phenylalanine (Phe) and, thus, adequate for protein substitutes (PSs) for the management of PKU in children. This review aims primarily to analyse the differences in the nutritional composition of GMP-based protein substitutes in different formulations (ready to drink, powdered, and bars), and secondarily to assess the quality of these products, comparing their nutritional composition with that of standard amino acid (L-AA) mixtures. Thirty-five GMP-based PSs produced by six different companies were included in this review: twenty-one powdered PSs, eight ready to drink, and six bars. The analysis revealed great heterogeneity not only among the different formulations (powdered, ready to drink, and bars) but also within the same group, in terms of energy content and nutritional composition. GMP-based PSs were shown to have higher contents of sugars and saturated fatty acids compared to L-AA PSs, especially in ready-to-drink formulations and bars. The latter also provided the highest amounts of energy among the GMP-based products. This finding may be related to a higher risk of developing overweight and obesity. The greater palatability of these GMP-based PSs, combined with improved nutritional quality, could not only improve adherence to diet therapy but also reduce the incidence of obesity-related comorbidities in PKU.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Caseins ; Phenylketonurias ; Italy ; Obesity ; Peptide Fragments
Chemical Substances	caseinomacropeptide ; Caseins ; Peptide Fragments
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu16070956
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Article ; Online: Hate versus politics: detection of hate against policy makers in Italian tweets.

Duzha, Armend / Casadei, Cristiano / Tosi, Michael / Celli, Fabio

SN social sciences

2021 Volume 1, Issue 9, Page(s) 223

Abstract: Accurate detection of hate speech against politicians, policy making and political ideas is crucial to maintain democracy and free speech. Unfortunately, the amount of labelled data necessary for training models to detect hate speech are limited and ... ...

Abstract	Accurate detection of hate speech against politicians, policy making and political ideas is crucial to maintain democracy and free speech. Unfortunately, the amount of labelled data necessary for training models to detect hate speech are limited and domain-dependent. In this paper, we address the issue of classification of hate speech against policy makers from Twitter in Italian, producing the first resource of this type in this language. We collected and annotated 1264 tweets, examined the cases of disagreements between annotators, and performed in-domain and cross-domain hate speech classifications with different features and algorithms. We achieved a performance of ROC AUC 0.83 and analyzed the most predictive attributes, also finding the different language features in the anti-policymakers and anti-immigration domains. Finally, we visualized networks of hashtags to capture the topics used in hateful and normal tweets.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2662-9283
ISSN (online)	2662-9283
DOI	10.1007/s43545-021-00234-2
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Article: 4DCT Scanning Technique for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Scoping Review.

Raeymaeckers, Steven / Tosi, Maurizio / De Mey, Johan

Radiology research and practice

2021 Volume 2021, Page(s) 6614406

Abstract: Objective: 4DCT for the detection of (an) enlarged parathyroid(s) is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Protocols are often institution-specific; this review aims to summarize the different protocols and ... ...

Abstract	Objective: 4DCT for the detection of (an) enlarged parathyroid(s) is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Protocols are often institution-specific; this review aims to summarize the different protocols and explore the reported sensitivity and specificity of different 4DCT protocols as well as the associated dose. Materials and methods: A literature study was independently conducted by two radiologists from April 2020 until May 2020 using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) database. Articles were screened and assessed for eligibility. From eligible studies, data were extracted to summarize different parameters of the scanning protocol and observed diagnostic attributes. Results: A total of 51 articles were included and 56 scanning protocols were identified. Most protocols use three ( Conclusion: Many different 4DCT scanning protocols for the detection of parathyroid adenomas exist in the literature. The number of phases does not appear to affect sensitivity or specificity. A triphasic approach, however, seems preferable, as three patterns of enhancement of parathyroid adenomas are described. Bolus tracking could help to reduce the variability of enhancement. Sensitivity and specificity also do not appear to be affected by other scan parameters like tube voltage or tube current. To keep the effective dose within limits, scanning at a lower fixed tube current seems preferable. Lowering tube voltage from 120 kV to 100 kV may yield similar image contrast but would also help lower the dose.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-21
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2594649-3
ISSN	2090-195X ; 2090-1941
ISSN (online)	2090-195X
ISSN	2090-1941
DOI	10.1155/2021/6614406
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Article: Cover Crops Modulate the Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Water Supply: A Field Study in Corn.

Tosi, Micaela / Ogilvie, Cameron M / Spagnoletti, Federico N / Fournier, Sarah / Martin, Ralph C / Dunfield, Kari E

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: Cover crops (CCs) were found to improve soil health by increasing plant diversity and ground cover. They may also improve water supply for cash crops by reducing evaporation and increasing soil water storage capacity. However, their influence on plant- ... ...

Abstract	Cover crops (CCs) were found to improve soil health by increasing plant diversity and ground cover. They may also improve water supply for cash crops by reducing evaporation and increasing soil water storage capacity. However, their influence on plant-associated microbial communities, including symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is less well understood. In a corn field trial, we studied the response of AMF to a four-species winter CC, relative to a no-CC control, as well as to two contrasting water supply levels (i.e., drought and irrigated). We measured AMF colonization of corn roots and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to study the composition and diversity of soil AMF communities at two depths (i.e., 0-10 and 10-20 cm). In this trial, AMF colonization was high (61-97%), and soil AMF communities were represented by 249 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 5 genera and 33 virtual taxa.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12051015
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