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Article ; Online: GEOPHYSICS. Measuring slow slip offshore.

Tréhu, Anne M

2016 Volume 352, Issue 6286, Page(s) 654–655

Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.aaf6534
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Fluid sources and overpressures within the central Cascadia Subduction Zone revealed by a warm, high-flux seafloor seep.

Philip, Brendan T / Solomon, Evan A / Kelley, Deborah S / Tréhu, Anne M / Whorley, Theresa L / Roland, Emily / Tominaga, Masako / Collier, Robert W

Science advances

2023 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) eadd6688

Abstract: Pythia's Oasis is a newly discovered seafloor seep on the Central Oregon segment of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, where focused venting emits highly altered fluids ~9°C above the background temperature. The seep fluid chemistry is unique for Cascadia and ...

Abstract	Pythia's Oasis is a newly discovered seafloor seep on the Central Oregon segment of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, where focused venting emits highly altered fluids ~9°C above the background temperature. The seep fluid chemistry is unique for Cascadia and includes extreme enrichment of boron and lithium and depletion of chloride, potassium, and magnesium. We conclude that the fluids are sourced from pore water compaction and mineral dehydration reactions with minimum source temperatures of 150° to 250°C, placing the source at or near the plate boundary offshore Central Oregon. Estimated fluid flow rates of 10 to 30 cm s
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.add6688
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Finding and Using the World’s Gas Hydrates

Mienert, Jürgen / Tréhu, Anne M. / Berndt, Christian / Camerlenghi, Angelo / Liu, Char-Shine / Massironi, Matteo

2022

Abstract: For the past 50 years, gas hydrates have been regarded by scientists as part of the hydrocarbon reserves, particularly at governmental institutions. A better understanding of the processes controlling the distribution and dynamics of gas hydrates in ... ...

Abstract	For the past 50 years, gas hydrates have been regarded by scientists as part of the hydrocarbon reserves, particularly at governmental institutions. A better understanding of the processes controlling the distribution and dynamics of gas hydrates in nature, especially their sensitivity to changes in gas composition, pressure and temperature, requires both theoretical knowledge of their stability and dynamic behavior and knowledge of how gas hydrates form and where they occur in the sediment. Geophysical data, geochemical data and thermodynamic models indicate that both the rate of response and the total integrated response to climate change in the ocean depend on the location and forms in which hydrates are distributed. Thus, mapping gas hydrates by indirect geophysical methods or through dedicated drilling campaigns is fundamental to all research involving gas hydrates. This includes studies of their role in climate change, their consequences for slope stability, their role at the base of the food web for benthic ecosystems and their potential as a future energy resource. Here we provide a brief introduction to the occurrence of gas hydrates on Earth, and how this information may assist in detecting them on other planetary bodies.
Language	English
Publisher	Springer
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of the Iquique Ridge on structure and deformation of the north Chilean subduction zone

Ma, Bo / Geersen, Jacob / Klaeschen, Dirk / Contreras-Reyes, Eduardo / Riedel, Michael / Xia, Yueyang / Tréhu, Anne M. / Lange, Dietrich / Kopp, Heidrun

2023

Abstract: The subduction of seamounts and basement ridges affects the structure, morphology, and physical state of a convergent margin. To evaluate their impact on the seismo-tectonic setting of the subduction zone and the tectonic development of the lower ... ...

Abstract	The subduction of seamounts and basement ridges affects the structure, morphology, and physical state of a convergent margin. To evaluate their impact on the seismo-tectonic setting of the subduction zone and the tectonic development of the lower subducting and upper overriding plate, it is essential to know the precise location of subducted topographic features under the marine forearc. Offshore Northern Chile, the Iquique Ridge represents a broad zone of complex and heterogeneous structure of variable width on the oceanic Nazca Plate, which complicates attempts to project it beneath the forearc of the Chilean subduction zone. Here we use a state-of-the-art seismic reflection data processing approach to map structures related to ridge subduction under the marine forearc with unprecedented accuracy and resolution and evaluate their impact on the deformation of both the plate boundary and the upper plate. We show that significant ridge-related topography is currently subducting south of 20.5 °S and that the combined effect of horst and graben subduction with subduction of Iquique ridge-related thickened and elevated crust causes an upward bulging of the entire upper plate from the plate interface up to the seafloor as well as the presence of kilometer-scale anticlinal structures observed in multibeam bathymetric data that are approximately aligned with horsts seaward of the trench. In the area affected by the subducting ridge, a frontal prism is absent, which may relate to frontal subduction erosion caused by the excess lower plate topography. In contrast farther towards the north, where only isolated seamounts subduct, a small frontal prism and a slope/apron sediment cover down to 3000 m water depth are found.
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Deep Fault‐Controlled Fluid Flow Driving Shallow Stratigraphically Constrained Gas Hydrate Formation

Gorman, Andrew R. / Crutchley, Gareth J. / Baker, Dylan R. / Fraser, Douglas R. A. / Henrys, Stuart A. / Tréhu, Anne M. / Harris, Robert N. / Phrampus, Benjamin J. / Pecher, Ingo A.

Urutī Basin, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

2024

Abstract: The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐ ... ...

Abstract	The Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand's North Island hosts an extensive gas hydrate province with numerous gas hydrate accumulations related to the faulted structure of the accretionary wedge. One such hydrate feature occurs in a small perched upper‐slope basin known as Urutī Basin. We investigated this hydrate accumulation by combining a long‐offset seismic line (10‐km‐long receiver array) with a grid of high‐resolution seismic lines acquired with a 600‐m‐long hydrophone streamer. The long‐offset data enable quantitative velocity analysis, while the high‐resolution data constrain the three‐dimensional geometry of the hydrate accumulation. The sediments in Urutī Basin dip landward due to ongoing deformation of the accretionary wedge. These strata are clearly imaged in seismic data where they cross a distinct bottom simulating reflection (BSR) that dips counterintuitively in the opposite direction to the regional dip of the seafloor. BSR‐derived heat flow estimates reveal a distinct heat flow anomaly that coincides spatially with the upper extent of a landward‐verging thrust fault. We present a conceptual model of this gas hydrate system that highlights the roles of fault‐controlled fluid flow at depth merging into strata‐controlled fluid flow into the hydrate stability zone. The result is a layer‐constrained accumulation of concentrated gas hydrate in the dipping strata. Our study provides new insight into the interplay between deep faulting, fluid flow and gas hydrate formation within an active accretionary margin. Plain Language Summary Gas hydrates are ice‐like substances in which natural gas molecules are trapped in a cage of water molecules. They exist where the pressure is high, temperature is cold, and enough methane is present. These conditions exist in the marine environment at water depths greater than 300–500 m near sediment‐rich continental margins and in polar regions. It is important to study gas hydrates because they represent a significant part of the Earth's carbon budget and influence the ...
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publisher	AGU (American Geophysical Union)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Shallow seismic investigations of the accretionary complex offshore Central Chile

Obando-Orrego, Sebastián / Contreras-Reyes, Eduardo / Tréhu, Anne M. / Bialas, Joerg

2021

Abstract: Highlights • We obtain shallow two-dimensional and three-dimensional tomographic Vp models at the landward edge of the Maule accretionary prism (Chile at 35°-36°S). • The Maule accretionary prism is characterized by thrust ridges and shallow cold seep ... ...

Abstract	Highlights • We obtain shallow two-dimensional and three-dimensional tomographic Vp models at the landward edge of the Maule accretionary prism (Chile at 35°-36°S). • The Maule accretionary prism is characterized by thrust ridges and shallow cold seep activity caused by the vertical migration of warm methane-rich fluids into the GHSZ. • Thrust ridges and associated splay fault systems play an important role in the upward fluid migration during the dewatering process of the accretionary prism. Abstract Thrust ridges are accretionary structures often associated with local uplift along splay faults and cold seep activity. We study the influence of a NS-trending thrust ridge system on the transition between the accretionary prism and the continental framework (shelf break) offshore the Maule Region (central Chile at 35°–36°S) by examining its 2-D and 3-D seismic velocity structure. The experiment comprises five densely spaced seismic refraction lines running subparallel to the trench and recorded at nine OBH/S (ocean bottom hydrophone/seismometers) deployed along the central line. Results show a narrow margin-parallel volume (approximately 6 × 50 × 5 km3) whose velocity distribution is consistent with sedimentary rocks. The shallow sedimentary unit is characterized by the presence of very low velocity hydrate-bearing sediments (<1.7 km/s), which are interpreted as highly porous sedimentary rocks (>50% porosity) within the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone (GHSZ) suggesting low hydrate content. These zones spatially correlate with fluid activity in the vicinity of the NS trending thrust ridges based on local high heat flow values (>40 mWm−2) and seepage mapping. On the other hand, the splay faults that crop out on the flanks of the thrust ridge structures might be responsible for tectonically induced vertical fluid migration.
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Megathrust reflectivity reveals the updip limit of the 2014 Iquique earthquake rupture.

Ma, Bo / Geersen, Jacob / Lange, Dietrich / Klaeschen, Dirk / Grevemeyer, Ingo / Contreras-Reyes, Eduardo / Petersen, Florian / Riedel, Michael / Xia, Yueyang / Tréhu, Anne M / Kopp, Heidrun

Nature communications

2022 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3969

Abstract: The updip limit of seismic rupture during a megathrust earthquake exerts a major control on the size of the resulting tsunami. Offshore Northern Chile, the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake ruptured the plate boundary between 19.5° and 21°S. Rupture ... ...

Abstract	The updip limit of seismic rupture during a megathrust earthquake exerts a major control on the size of the resulting tsunami. Offshore Northern Chile, the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake ruptured the plate boundary between 19.5° and 21°S. Rupture terminated under the mid-continental slope and did not propagate updip to the trench. Here, we use state-of-the-art seismic reflection data to investigate the tectonic setting associated with the apparent updip arrest of rupture propagation at 15 km depth during the Iquique earthquake. We document a spatial correspondence between the rupture area and the seismic reflectivity of the plate boundary. North and updip of the rupture area, a coherent, highly reflective plate boundary indicates excess fluid pressure, which may prevent the accumulation of elastic strain. In contrast, the rupture area is characterized by the absence of plate boundary reflectivity, which suggests low fluid pressure that results in stress accumulation and thus controls the extent of earthquake rupture. Generalizing these results, seismic reflection data can provide insights into the physical state of the shallow plate boundary and help to assess the potential for future shallow rupture in the absence of direct measurements of interplate deformation from most outermost forearc slopes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-022-31448-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Megathrust reflectivity reveals the updip limit of the 2014 Iquique earthquake rupture

Ma, Bo / Geersen, Jacob / Lange, Dietrich / Klaeschen, Dirk / Grevemeyer, Ingo / Contreras-Reyes, Eduardo / Petersen, Florian / Riedel, Michael / Xia, Yueyang / Tréhu, Anne M. / Kopp, Heidrun

2022

Abstract	The updip limit of seismic rupture during a megathrust earthquake exerts a major control on the size of the resulting tsunami. Offshore Northern Chile, the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake ruptured the plate boundary between 19.5° and 21°S. Rupture terminated under the mid-continental slope and did not propagate updip to the trench. Here, we use state-of-the-art seismic reflection data to investigate the tectonic setting associated with the apparent updip arrest of rupture propagation at 15 km depth during the Iquique earthquake. We document a spatial correspondence between the rupture area and the seismic reflectivity of the plate boundary. North and updip of the rupture area, a coherent, highly reflective plate boundary indicates excess fluid pressure, which may prevent the accumulation of elastic strain. In contrast, the rupture area is characterized by the absence of plate boundary reflectivity, which suggests low fluid pressure that results in stress accumulation and thus controls the extent of earthquake rupture. Generalizing these results, seismic reflection data can provide insights into the physical state of the shallow plate boundary and help to assess the potential for future shallow rupture in the absence of direct measurements of interplate deformation from most outermost forearc slopes.
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-08
Publisher	Nature Research
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Conference proceedings ; Online: Marine forearc structure at the seismogenic up-dip end of the 2014 Iquique Mw 8.1 earthquake

Petersen, Florian / Lange, Dietrich / Ma, Bo / Geersen, Jacob / Grevemeyer, Ingo / Kopp, Heidrun / Contreras-Reyes, Eduardo / Barrientos, Sergio / Tréhu, Anne M.

2020

Abstract: On April 1st, the Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake ruptured the plate boundary in the North Chilean marine forearc. The earthquake did not cause enough shallow rupture in the updip area to trigger a significant tsunami in the Pacific Ocean. The segment of South ...

Abstract	On April 1st, the Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake ruptured the plate boundary in the North Chilean marine forearc. The earthquake did not cause enough shallow rupture in the updip area to trigger a significant tsunami in the Pacific Ocean. The segment of South American subduction-zone affected by the Iquique earthquake was previously considered a seismic gap, as it last ruptured entirely in 1877 during an M~9 earthquake, with a rupture area possibly extending from south of Arica at 19°S to the north of the Mejillones peninsula at 23°S. The smaller magnitude of the 2014 event and the reduced rupture area that only broke the central part of the seismic gap implies a seismo-tectonic segmentation of the marine forearc. To identify the structure of the marine forearc and the subduction plate interface at the shallow seismic/aseismic transition, we use two years of Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) and permanent onshore seismic data recorded eight months after the Iquique mainshock. The high-resolution aftershocks of the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake from the local OBS network together with a seismic reflection image acquired in 2016 of the marine forearc allows us to discuss the structural control on the up-dip extent of seismic rupture in the North Chilean subduction-zone. Most aftershocks occur updip of a co-seismic shallow slip patch in the marine forearc in the vicinity of a large crustal normal fault. A second area of increased aftershocks at the plate interface coincidence with the crustal-scale normal fault that links to the coastal scarp. The updip limit under the marine forearc further correlates with a highly faulted upper-plate and the subduction of Iquique ridge related topography. Combining the results concerning the 2014 Iquique earthquake with information from the 1995 Antofagasta and 2007 Tocopilla earthquakes, we suggest a uniform structural control of seismic rupture that is uniformly active along the Northern Chile.
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spatial and temporal trends in fin whale vocalizations recorded in the NE Pacific Ocean between 2003-2013.

Weirathmueller, Michelle J / Stafford, Kathleen M / Wilcock, William S D / Hilmo, Rose S / Dziak, Robert P / Tréhu, Anne M

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 10, Page(s) e0186127

Abstract: In order to study the long-term stability of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) singing behavior, the frequency and inter-pulse interval of fin whale 20 Hz vocalizations were observed over 10 years from 2003-2013 from bottom mounted hydrophones and ... ...

Abstract	In order to study the long-term stability of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) singing behavior, the frequency and inter-pulse interval of fin whale 20 Hz vocalizations were observed over 10 years from 2003-2013 from bottom mounted hydrophones and seismometers in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The instrument locations extended from 40°N to 48°N and 130°W to 125°W with water depths ranging from 1500-4000 m. The inter-pulse interval (IPI) of fin whale song sequences was observed to increase at a rate of 0.54 seconds/year over the decade of observation. During the same time period, peak frequency decreased at a rate of 0.17 Hz/year. Two primary call patterns were observed. During the earlier years, the more commonly observed pattern had a single frequency and single IPI. In later years, a doublet pattern emerged, with two dominant frequencies and IPIs. Many call sequences in the intervening years appeared to represent a transitional state between the two patterns. The overall trend was consistent across the entire geographical span, although some regional differences exist. Understanding changes in acoustic behavior over long time periods is needed to help establish whether acoustic characteristics can be used to help determine population identity in a widely distributed, difficult to study species such as the fin whale.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fin Whale/physiology ; Pacific Ocean ; Sound Spectrography ; Vocalization, Animal
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0186127
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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