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Article: Seasonality of bumblebee spillover between strawberry crops and adjacent pinewoods

Trillo, Alejandro / Montero-Castaño, Ana / Vilà, Montserrat

Apidologie. 2020 Dec., v. 51, no. 6

2020

Abstract: In agricultural landscapes, differences in floral resources provided by crops compared with adjacent habitats promote the spillover of pollinators seeking to fulfil their feeding needs. These foraging patterns play an important role in both crop ... ...

Abstract	In agricultural landscapes, differences in floral resources provided by crops compared with adjacent habitats promote the spillover of pollinators seeking to fulfil their feeding needs. These foraging patterns play an important role in both crop production and wild plant fitness. However, in classical observational studies, pollinator spillover patterns may be confounded by differences in pollinator phenologies and population sizes. To avoid these confounding effects, we quantified the combined effect of relative floral availability and season on pollinator spillover between strawberry crops and adjacent pinewoods by using commercial bumblebee colonies. We used 60 colonies that were placed in 6 open polytunnel strawberry crops and in 8 pinewoods adjacent to crops in landscapes with either low or high berry (mostly strawberry) crop cover. We repeated the experiment in winter and in spring to account for differences in flower resource availability. While strawberries were in bloom during the entire study period, wild flowering plants were scarce and abundant in winter and in spring, respectively. Spillover in crops was quantified as the percentage of bumblebee individuals that carried pollen from non-berry flowers, while spillover in pinewoods was quantified as the percentage of individuals that carried pollen from berry flowers. Overall, 526 bumblebees were collected. We found them carrying the pollen of 15 plant taxa in winter and 39 in spring, in accordance with seasonal floral availability. In crop colonies, around 30% of bumblebees spilled over into non-berry habitats in winter and 78% in spring, regardless of crop cover in the surrounding landscape. However, in pinewood colonies, we found an interaction effect between season and crop cover: even though on average 34% of bumblebees spilled over into berry crops, in winter it was almost twice in landscapes with high crop cover. Spillover patterns mainly mirrored seasonal changes in floral availability between habitats.
Keywords	Bombus ; crop production ; flowers ; landscapes ; pollen ; pollinators ; spring ; strawberries ; wild plants ; winter
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 1051-1061.
Publishing place	Springer Paris
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	280429-3
ISSN	1297-9678 ; 0044-8435 ; 0365-5407
ISSN (online)	1297-9678
ISSN	0044-8435 ; 0365-5407
DOI	10.1007/s13592-020-00782-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Prevalence of Nosema microsporidians in commercial bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) is not related to the intensity of their use at the landscape scale

Trillo, Alejandro / Brown, Mark J. F / Vilà, Montserrat

Apidologie. 2019 Apr., v. 50, no. 2

2019

Abstract: The use of commercial bumblebees to aid crop pollination may result in overcrowding of agricultural landscapes by pollinators. Consequently, transmission of parasites between pollinators via shared flowers may be substantial. In SW Spain, we assessed the ...

Abstract	The use of commercial bumblebees to aid crop pollination may result in overcrowding of agricultural landscapes by pollinators. Consequently, transmission of parasites between pollinators via shared flowers may be substantial. In SW Spain, we assessed the initial infection status of commercial Bombus terrestris colonies and then explored spatial and seasonal influences on changes in parasite prevalence across a landscape where bumblebee colonies are intensively used to pollinate berry crops. Colonies were placed inside strawberry greenhouse crops and in woodlands adjacent and distant to crops, in winter and in spring, as representative periods of high and low use of colonies, respectively. Worker bumblebees were collected from colonies upon arrival from a producer and 30 days after being placed in the field. The abdomen of each bumblebee was morphologically inspected for a range of internal parasites. Upon arrival, 71% of the colonies were infected by spores of Nosema. Three bumblebees from two colonies harboured Apicystis bombi spores at the end of their placement in woodlands adjacent to the crops. Nosema colony prevalence did not change significantly either among sites or between seasons. We found no evidence for the density of commercial B. terrestris impacting Nosema prevalence in those commercial colonies, but our results highlight the potential risk for parasites to be transmitted from commercial bumblebees to native pollinators.
Keywords	abdomen ; agricultural land ; Bombus terrestris ; crops ; flowers ; greenhouses ; landscapes ; Nosema ; parasites ; pollination ; pollinators ; risk ; spores ; spring ; strawberries ; winter ; woodlands ; worker bees ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-04
Size	p. 234-242.
Publishing place	Springer Paris
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	280429-3
ISSN	1297-9678 ; 0044-8435 ; 0365-5407
ISSN (online)	1297-9678
ISSN	0044-8435 ; 0365-5407
DOI	10.1007/s13592-019-00637-4
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: No detectable impact of parasite-infected commercial bumblebees on wild bees in areas adjacent to greenhouses despite diet overlap

Trillo, Alejandro / Bartomeus, Ignasi / Ortiz-Sánchez, F. Javier / Belmonte, Jordina / Vilà, Montserrat

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2021 Oct., v. 320 p.107604-

2021

Abstract: Over two million commercial bumblebee colonies are used on an annual basis to pollinate around 20 crop types worldwide. Despite their use, especially with crops grown in greenhouses, there is mounting evidence that many individuals also forage outside of ...

Abstract	Over two million commercial bumblebee colonies are used on an annual basis to pollinate around 20 crop types worldwide. Despite their use, especially with crops grown in greenhouses, there is mounting evidence that many individuals also forage outside of them. Hence, the use of commercial bumblebees poses a risk to wild pollinators, especially to those who share floral resources and pathogens. To date, however, there is little evidence about the impact of commercial bumblebees on pollinator communities in Europe. We surveyed the abundance of commercial Bombus terrestris and the prevalence of four of its parasites in natural areas at increasing distances from vegetable crops in Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería, SE Spain), the most extensive greenhouse cultivation area in the world. We also estimated resource niche overlap (i.e., shared plants used) between commercial bumblebees and the native pollinator community. Finally, we explored whether the abundance and diversity of pollinators in natural habitats were influenced by agricultural expansion (i.e., distance to greenhouses) and bumblebee abundance. We found a sharp reduction in commercial bumblebee densities at increasing distances from greenhouses, with most bumblebees (95%) foraging within a radius of less than 200 m from them. However, these commercial bumblebees had high parasite prevalence (41% of individuals infected) of trypanosomatids, microsporidians and neogregarines. Moreover, their diet particularly overlapped with honeybees and large wild bees. Yet, pollinator density and diversity were not related to the distance from greenhouses or to bumblebee abundance. Although our results suggest that commercial bumblebees do not significantly harm wild pollinators, actions like preventing their escape from greenhouses, monitoring their health and optimising their use should be considered so as to minimise future risks.
Keywords	Bombus terrestris ; Microsporidia ; Trypanosomatidae ; agriculture ; cultivation area ; diet ; environment ; greenhouse production ; parasites ; pollinators ; risk ; vegetables ; Spain ; Agroecosystems ; Plant-pollinator interactions ; Pollen ; Spillover ; Vegetable crops
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	602345-9
ISSN	1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
ISSN (online)	1873-2305
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2021.107604
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Managed bumble bees increase flower visitation but not fruit weight in polytunnel strawberry crops

Trillo, Alejandro / José M. Herrera / Montserrat Vilà

Gesellschaft für Ökologie Basic and applied ecology. 2018,

2018

Abstract: Animal-mediated pollination is essential for the production and quality of fruits and seeds of many crops consumed by humans. However, crop pollination services might be compromised when wild pollinators are scarce. Managed pollinators are commonly used ... ...

Abstract	Animal-mediated pollination is essential for the production and quality of fruits and seeds of many crops consumed by humans. However, crop pollination services might be compromised when wild pollinators are scarce. Managed pollinators are commonly used in crops to supplement such services with the assumption that they will enhance crop yield. However, information on the spatiotemporal pollinator-dependence of crops is still limited. We assessed the contribution of commercial bumble bee colonies compared to the available pollinator community on strawberry (‘Fortuna’ variety) flower visitation and strawberry quality across a landscape gradient of agricultural intensification (i.e. polytunnel berry crop cover). We used colonies of bumble bees in winter and in spring, i.e. when few and most wild pollinators are in their flight period, respectively. The placement of colonies increased visits of bumble bees to strawberry flowers, especially in winter. The use of bumble bee colonies did not affect flower visitation by other insects, mainly honey bees, hoverflies and other Diptera. Flower visitation by both honey bees and wild insects did not vary between seasons and was unrelated to the landscape gradient of berry crop cover. Strawberries were of the highest quality (i.e. weight) when insect-mediated pollination was allowed, and their quality was positively related to wild flower visitors in winter but not in spring. However, increased visits to strawberry flowers by managed bumble bees and honey bees had no effect on strawberry weight. Our results suggest that the pollination services producing high quality strawberry fruits are provided by the flower visitor community present in the study region without the need to use managed bumble bees.
Keywords	Bombus ; crop yield ; crops ; flight ; flowers ; fruit quality ; fruits ; honey bees ; humans ; intensive farming ; landscapes ; pollination ; pollinators ; seeds ; spring ; strawberries ; Syrphidae ; wild flowers ; winter
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2026806-3
ISSN	1439-1791
ISSN	1439-1791
DOI	10.1016/j.baae.2018.05.008
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops

Vila, Montserrat / Beaury, Evelyn / Blumenthal, Dana M. / Bradley, Bethany A. / Early, Regan / Laginhas, Brittany E. / Trillo, Alejandro / Dukes, Jeffrey S. / Sorte, Cascade J. / Ibanez, Ines

Environmental research. 2021 Mar. 1, v. 16, no. 3

2021

Abstract: Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have ... ...

Abstract	Crops worldwide are simultaneously affected by weeds, which reduce yield, and by climate change, which can negatively or positively affect both crop and weed species. While the individual effects of environmental change and of weeds on crop yield have been assessed, the combined effects have not been broadly characterized. To explore the simultaneous impacts of weeds with changes in climate-related environmental conditions on future food production, we conducted a meta-analysis of 171 observations measuring the individual and combined effects of weeds and elevated CO(2), drought or warming on 23 crop species. The combined effect of weeds and environmental change tended to be additive. On average, weeds reduced crop yield by 28%, a value that was not significantly different from the simultaneous effect of weeds and environmental change (27%), due to increased variability when acting together. The negative effect of weeds on crop yield was mitigated by elevated CO(2) and warming, but added to the negative effect of drought. The impact of weeds with environmental change was also dependent on the photosynthetic pathway of the weed/crop pair and on crop identity. Native and non-native weeds had similarly negative effects on yield, with or without environmental change. Weed impact with environmental change was also independent of whether the crop was infested with a single or multiple weed species. Since weed impacts remain negative under environmental change, our results highlight the need to evaluate the efficacy of different weed management practices under climate change. Understanding that the effects of environmental change and weeds are, on average, additive brings us closer to developing useful forecasts of future crop performance.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; crop yield ; crops ; drought ; food production ; meta-analysis ; photosynthesis ; research ; weed control ; weeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0301
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1088/1748-9326/abe14b
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Multimodal cues provide redundant information for bumblebees when the stimulus is visually salient, but facilitate red target detection in a naturalistic background.

Telles, Francismeire Jane / Corcobado, Guadalupe / Trillo, Alejandro / Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) e0184760

Abstract: Our understanding of how floral visitors integrate visual and olfactory cues when seeking food, and how background complexity affects flower detection is limited. Here, we aimed to understand the use of visual and olfactory information for bumblebees ( ... ...

Abstract	Our understanding of how floral visitors integrate visual and olfactory cues when seeking food, and how background complexity affects flower detection is limited. Here, we aimed to understand the use of visual and olfactory information for bumblebees (Bombus terrestris terrestris L.) when seeking flowers in a visually complex background. To explore this issue, we first evaluated the effect of flower colour (red and blue), size (8, 16 and 32 mm), scent (presence or absence) and the amount of training on the foraging strategy of bumblebees (accuracy, search time and flight behaviour), considering the visual complexity of our background, to later explore whether experienced bumblebees, previously trained in the presence of scent, can recall and make use of odour information when foraging in the presence of novel visual stimuli carrying a familiar scent. Of all the variables analysed, flower colour had the strongest effect on the foraging strategy. Bumblebees searching for blue flowers were more accurate, flew faster, followed more direct paths between flowers and needed less time to find them, than bumblebees searching for red flowers. In turn, training and the presence of odour helped bees to find inconspicuous (red) flowers. When bees foraged on red flowers, search time increased with flower size; but search time was independent of flower size when bees foraged on blue flowers. Previous experience with floral scent enhances the capacity of detection of a novel colour carrying a familiar scent, probably by elemental association influencing attention.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Attention ; Bees/physiology ; Color Perception ; Cues ; Flowers/physiology ; Olfactory Perception ; Pollination
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0184760
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Contrasting occurrence patterns of managed and native bumblebees in natural habitats across a greenhouse landscape gradient

Trillo, Alejandro / Ana Montero-Castaño / F. Javier Ortiz-Sánchez / Juan P. González-Varo / Montserrat Vilà / Pablo González-Moreno

Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2019 Feb. 15, v. 272

2019

Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a remarkable expansion of pollinator-dependent crops. An increase in the use of commercial pollinator colonies associated with these crops may promote the spillover of managed pollinators into nearby natural habitats. ... ...

Abstract	In recent decades, there has been a remarkable expansion of pollinator-dependent crops. An increase in the use of commercial pollinator colonies associated with these crops may promote the spillover of managed pollinators into nearby natural habitats. There, these managed pollinators can exploit floral resources similar to those of wild pollinators, and thus increase competition for local resources. Nonetheless, managed pollinator spillover has been poorly studied and research has focused on only one species, the western honeybee (Apis mellifera). In south-western Spain, we investigated the presence, density and exploitation of floral resources by managed (Bombus terrestris) and native bumblebees (B. t. lusitanicus) in 19 Mediterranean pinewood understories across a landscape gradient of strawberry polytunnel greenhouse cover. Sampling was performed over two consecutive years in two seasons: winter, when strawberries begin flowering and farmers frequently use colonies, and spring, when there is greater availability of floral resources and wild pollinators thrive. In winter, the density of managed bumblebees in pinewoods was higher than that of native bumblebees. The presence of managed and native bumblebees in pinewoods showed contrasting patterns in relation to greenhouse cover in the landscape. The presence of managed bumblebees was positively associated with greenhouse cover, whereas that of native bumblebees was negatively associated with greenhouse cover. Overall, the presence and density of bumblebees did not differ between seasons. The two bumblebee subspecies showed similar wild flowering plant preferences, particularly in winter, when flowering plant species are scarce. We conclude that, although managed bumblebees are placed in greenhouse crops, their pollination role extends beyond these crops. Further studies are needed to assess the pollination function of managed pollinators in crops in order to reduce their spillover into natural habitats and thus, the risks posed to native pollinators.
Keywords	Angiospermae ; Apis mellifera ; Bombus terrestris ; crops ; farmers ; flowering ; greenhouses ; habitats ; honey bees ; landscapes ; pollination ; pollinators ; risk ; spring ; strawberries ; winter ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0215
Size	p. 230-236.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	602345-9
ISSN	1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
ISSN (online)	1873-2305
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.018
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Long term effects of aversive reinforcement on colour discrimination learning in free-flying bumblebees.

Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A / Trillo, Alejandro / Corcobado, Guadalupe

PloS one

2013 Volume 8, Issue 8, Page(s) e71551

Abstract: The results of behavioural experiments provide important information about the structure and information-processing abilities of the visual system. Nevertheless, if we want to infer from behavioural data how the visual system operates, it is important to ...

Abstract	The results of behavioural experiments provide important information about the structure and information-processing abilities of the visual system. Nevertheless, if we want to infer from behavioural data how the visual system operates, it is important to know how different learning protocols affect performance and to devise protocols that minimise noise in the response of experimental subjects. The purpose of this work was to investigate how reinforcement schedule and individual variability affect the learning process in a colour discrimination task. Free-flying bumblebees were trained to discriminate between two perceptually similar colours. The target colour was associated with sucrose solution, and the distractor could be associated with water or quinine solution throughout the experiment, or with one substance during the first half of the experiment and the other during the second half. Both acquisition and final performance of the discrimination task (measured as proportion of correct choices) were determined by the choice of reinforcer during the first half of the experiment: regardless of whether bees were trained with water or quinine during the second half of the experiment, bees trained with quinine during the first half learned the task faster and performed better during the whole experiment. Our results confirm that the choice of stimuli used during training affects the rate at which colour discrimination tasks are acquired and show that early contact with a strongly aversive stimulus can be sufficient to maintain high levels of attention during several hours. On the other hand, bees which took more time to decide on which flower to alight were more likely to make correct choices than bees which made fast decisions. This result supports the existence of a trade-off between foraging speed and accuracy, and highlights the importance of measuring choice latencies during behavioural experiments focusing on cognitive abilities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bees/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Choice Behavior ; Color Perception ; Discrimination Learning ; Flowers ; Photic Stimulation ; Reinforcement, Psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0071551
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Identification of potential invasive alien species in Spain through horizon scanning

Cano-Barbacil, Carlos / Carrete, Martina / Castro-Díez, Pilar / Delibes-Mateos, Miguel / Jaques, Josep A. / López-Darias, Marta / Nogales, Manuel / Pino, Joan / Ros, Macarena / Traveset, Anna / Turon, Xavier / Vilà, Montserrat / Altamirano, María / Alvarez, Inés / Arias, Andrés / Boix, Dani / Cabido, Carlos / Cacabelos, Eva / Cobo Martínez, Fernando /

Journal of Environmental Management. 2023 Nov., v. 345 p.118696-

2023

Abstract: Invasive alien species have widespread impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Since the number of introductions worldwide is continuously rising, it is essential to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of new alien species through ... ...

Abstract	Invasive alien species have widespread impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Since the number of introductions worldwide is continuously rising, it is essential to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of new alien species through a systematic examination of future potential threats. Applying a three-step horizon scanning consensus method, we evaluated non-established alien species that could potentially arrive, establish and cause major ecological impact in Spain within the next 10 years. Overall, we identified 47 species with a very high risk (e.g. Oreochromis niloticus, Popillia japonica, Hemidactylus frenatus, Crassula helmsii or Halophila stipulacea), 61 with high risk, 93 with moderate risk, and 732 species with low risk. Many of the species categorized as very high or high risk to Spanish biodiversity are either already present in Europe and neighbouring countries or have a long invasive history elsewhere. This study provides an updated list of potential invasive alien species useful for prioritizing efforts and resources against their introduction. Compared to previous horizon scanning exercises in Spain, the current study screens potential invaders from a wider range of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive risk analyses to improve management and increase the efficiency of the early warning and rapid response framework for invasive alien species. We also stress the usefulness of measuring agreement and consistency as two different properties of the reliability of expert scores, in order to more easily elaborate consensus ranked lists of potential invasive alien species.
Keywords	Crassula ; Halophila ; Hemidactylus ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Popillia japonica ; biodiversity ; ecosystems ; environmental impact ; environmental management ; freshwater ; introduced species ; invasive species ; risk ; Spain ; Biodiversity impacts ; Biological invasions ; Consensus list ; Expert criteria ; Mediterranean region ; Reliability analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118696
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Identification of potential invasive alien species in Spain through horizon scanning.

Cano-Barbacil, Carlos / Carrete, Martina / Castro-Díez, Pilar / Delibes-Mateos, Miguel / Jaques, Josep A / López-Darias, Marta / Nogales, Manuel / Pino, Joan / Ros, Macarena / Traveset, Anna / Turon, Xavier / Vilà, Montserrat / Altamirano, María / Álvarez, Inés / Arias, Andrés / Boix, Dani / Cabido, Carlos / Cacabelos, Eva / Cobo, Fernando /

Journal of environmental management

2023 Volume 345, Page(s) 118696

Abstract	Invasive alien species have widespread impacts on native biodiversity and ecosystem services. Since the number of introductions worldwide is continuously rising, it is essential to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of new alien species through a systematic examination of future potential threats. Applying a three-step horizon scanning consensus method, we evaluated non-established alien species that could potentially arrive, establish and cause major ecological impact in Spain within the next 10 years. Overall, we identified 47 species with a very high risk (e.g. Oreochromis niloticus, Popillia japonica, Hemidactylus frenatus, Crassula helmsii or Halophila stipulacea), 61 with high risk, 93 with moderate risk, and 732 species with low risk. Many of the species categorized as very high or high risk to Spanish biodiversity are either already present in Europe and neighbouring countries or have a long invasive history elsewhere. This study provides an updated list of potential invasive alien species useful for prioritizing efforts and resources against their introduction. Compared to previous horizon scanning exercises in Spain, the current study screens potential invaders from a wider range of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive risk analyses to improve management and increase the efficiency of the early warning and rapid response framework for invasive alien species. We also stress the usefulness of measuring agreement and consistency as two different properties of the reliability of expert scores, in order to more easily elaborate consensus ranked lists of potential invasive alien species.
MeSH term(s)	Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Spain ; Reproducibility of Results ; Biodiversity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118696
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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