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Article: COVID 19 diagnostic multiplicity and its role in community surveillance and control.

Tripathi, Satyendra C / Deshmukh, Vishwajit / Patil, Ashlesh / Tripathy, Jaya Prasad

2020 Volume 28, Issue suppl 1, Page(s) 18–28

Abstract: Diagnosis of persons exposed to/infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to controlling the global pandemic of COVID-19. Currently, several diagnostic modalities are available for COVID-19, each with ... ...

Abstract	Diagnosis of persons exposed to/infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to controlling the global pandemic of COVID-19. Currently, several diagnostic modalities are available for COVID-19, each with its own pros and cons. Although there is a global consensus to increase the testing capacity, it is also essential to prudently utilize these tests to control the pandemic. In this paper, we have reviewed the current array of diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the gaps in current diagnostic modalities, and their role in community surveillance and control of the pandemic. The different modalities of COVID-19 diagnosis discussed are: clinical and radiological, molecular based (laboratory based and point-of-care), Immunoassay based (ELISA, rapid antigen and antibody detection tests) and digital diagnostics (artificial intelligence based algorithms). The role of rapid antigen/antibody detection tests in community surveillance has also been described here. These tests can be used to identify asymptomatic persons exposed to the virus and in community based seroprevalence surveys to assess the epidemiology of spread of the virus. However, there are few concerns about the accuracy of these tests which needs to evaluated beforehand.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Artificial Intelligence ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; Body Fluids/virology ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Population Surveillance ; Procedures and Techniques Utilization ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sputum/virology ; Symptom Assessment ; Viral Load
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Antigens, Viral ; RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-12
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2041081-5
ISSN	1124-9390
ISSN	1124-9390
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Renal Carcinoma Is Associated With Increased Risk of Coronavirus Infections.

Tripathi, Satyendra C / Deshmukh, Vishwajit / Creighton, Chad J / Patil, Ashlesh

Frontiers in molecular biosciences

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 579422

Abstract: Background: ...

Abstract	Background:
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2814330-9
ISSN	2296-889X
ISSN	2296-889X
DOI	10.3389/fmolb.2020.579422
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Sex hormones and COVID-19: tussle between the two.

Patil, Ashlesh / Tripathy, Jaya Prasad / Deshmukh, Vishwajit / Sontakke, Bharat / Tripathi, Satyendra C

Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace

2020 Volume 90, Issue 4

Abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected nearly 7 million individuals and claimed more than 0.4 million lives to date. There are several reports of gender differences related to infection and death due to COVID-19. This raises important ... ...

Abstract	Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected nearly 7 million individuals and claimed more than 0.4 million lives to date. There are several reports of gender differences related to infection and death due to COVID-19. This raises important questions such as "Whether there are differences based on gender in risk and severity of infection or mortality rate?" and "What are the biological explanation and mechanisms underlying these differences?" Emerging evidences have proposed sex-based immunological, genetic, and hormonal differences to explain this ambiguity. Besides biological differences, women have also faced social inequities and economic hardships due to this pandemic. Several recent studies have shown that independent of age males are at higher risk for severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Although susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 was found to be similar across both genders in several disease cohorts, a disproportionate death ratio in men can be partly explained by the higher burden of pre-existing diseases and occupational exposures among men. At immunological point of view, females can engage a more active immune response, which may protect them and counter infectious diseases as compared to men. This attribute of better immune responses towards pathogens is thought to be due to high estrogen levels in females. Here we review the current knowledge about sex differences in susceptibility, the severity of infection and mortality, host immune responses, and the role of sex hormones in COVID-19 disease.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptive Immunity/immunology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/mortality ; Disease Susceptibility ; Estrogens/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Male ; Mortality ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors ; Testosterone/immunology
Chemical Substances	Estrogens ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-18
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1160940-0
ISSN	1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
ISSN	1122-0643 ; 1120-0391
DOI	10.4081/monaldi.2020.1461
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.B 65: Show issues

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Article: Combinatorial Effect of PLK1 Inhibition with Temozolomide and Radiation in Glioblastoma.

Pandey, Arvind / Tripathi, Satyendra C / Mai, Junhua / Hanash, Samir M / Shen, Haifa / Mitra, Sankar / Rostomily, Robert C

Cancers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 20

Abstract: New strategies that improve median survivals of only ~15-20 months for glioblastoma (GBM) with the current standard of care (SOC) which is concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation (XRT) treatment are urgently needed. Inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 ( ... ...

Abstract	New strategies that improve median survivals of only ~15-20 months for glioblastoma (GBM) with the current standard of care (SOC) which is concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation (XRT) treatment are urgently needed. Inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a multifunctional cell cycle regulator, overexpressed in GBM has shown therapeutic promise but has never been tested in the context of SOC. Therefore, we examined the mechanistic and therapeutic impact of PLK1 specific inhibitor (volasertib) alone and in combination with TMZ and/or XRT on GBM cells. We quantified the effects of volasertib alone and in combination with TMZ and/or XRT on GBM cell cytotoxicity/apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, stemness, DNA damage, DNA repair genes, cellular signaling and in-vivo tumor growth. Volasertib alone and in combination with TMZ and/or XRT promoted apoptotic cell death, altered MtMP, increased ROS and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Combined volasertib and TMZ treatment reduced side population (SP) indicating activity against GBM stem-like cells. Volasertib combinatorial treatment also significantly increased DNA damage and reduced cell survival by inhibition of DNA repair gene expression and modulation of ERK/MAPK, AMPK and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Finally, as observed in-vitro, combined volasertib and TMZ treatment resulted in synergistic inhibition of tumor growth in-vivo. Together these results identify new mechanisms of action for volasertib that provide a strong rationale for further investigation of PLK1 inhibition as an adjunct to current GBM SOC therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers13205114
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Article ; Online: Renal carcinoma is associated with increased risk of coronavirus infections

Tripathi, Satyendra C / Deshmukh, Vishwajit / Creighton, Chad J. / Patil, Ashlesh

bioRxiv

Abstract: The current pandemic COVID-19 has affected most severely to the people with old age, or with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, COPD, and cancers. Cancer patients are twice more likely to contract the disease ... ...

Abstract	The current pandemic COVID-19 has affected most severely to the people with old age, or with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, COPD, and cancers. Cancer patients are twice more likely to contract the disease because of the malignancy or treatment-related immunosuppression; hence identification of the vulnerable population among these patients is essential. It is speculated that along with ACE2, other auxiliary proteins (DPP4, ANPEP, ENPEP, TMPRSS2) might facilitate the entry of coronaviruses in the host cells. We took a bioinformatics approach to analyze the gene and protein expression data of these coronavirus receptors in human normal and cancer tissues of multiple organs. Here, we demonstrated an extensive RNA and protein expression profiling analysis of these receptors across solid tumors and normal tissues. We found that among all, renal tumor and normal tissues exhibited increased levels of ACE2, DPP4, ANPEP, and ENPEP. Our results revealed that TMPRSS2 may not be the co-receptor for coronavirus in renal carcinoma patients. The receptors’ expression levels were variable in different tumor stage, molecular and immune subtypes of renal carcinoma. In clear cell renal cell carcinomas, coronavirus receptors were associated with high immune infiltration, markers of immunosuppression, and T cell exhaustion. Our study indicates that CoV receptors may play an important role in modulating the immune infiltrate and hence cellular immunity in renal carcinoma. As our current knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms will improve, it may help us in designing focused therapeutic approaches.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	BioRxiv; WHO
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.07.02.184663
Database	COVID19

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Article: COVID 19 diagnostic multiplicity and its role in community surveillance and control

Tripathi, Satyendra C. / Deshmukh, Vishwajit / Patil, Ashlesh / Tripathy, Jaya Prasad

Le infezioni in medicina

Abstract: Diagnosis of persons exposed to/infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to controlling the global pandemic of COVID-19 Currently, several diagnostic modalities are available for COVID-19, each with ... ...

Abstract	Diagnosis of persons exposed to/infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is central to controlling the global pandemic of COVID-19 Currently, several diagnostic modalities are available for COVID-19, each with its own pros and cons Although there is a global consensus to increase the testing capacity, it is also essential to prudently utilize these tests to control the pandemic In this paper, we have reviewed the current array of diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the gaps in current diagnostic modalities, and their role in community surveillance and control of the pandemic The different modalities of COVID-19 diagnosis discussed are: clinical and radiological, molecular based (laboratory based and point-of-care), Immunoassay based (ELISA, rapid antigen and antibody detection tests) and digital diagnostics (artificial intelligence based algorithms) The role of rapid antigen/antibody detection tests in community surveillance has also been described here These tests can be used to identify asymptomatic persons exposed to the virus and in community based seroprevalence surveys to assess the epidemiology of spread of the virus However, there are few concerns about the accuracy of these tests which needs to evaluated beforehand
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #599166
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Renal carcinoma is associated with increased risk of coronavirus infections

Tripathi, Satyendra C / Deshmukh, Vishwajit / Creighton, Chad J. / Patil, Ashlesh

bioRxiv

Abstract	The current pandemic COVID-19 has affected most severely to the people with old age, or with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, COPD, and cancers. Cancer patients are twice more likely to contract the disease because of the malignancy or treatment-related immunosuppression; hence identification of the vulnerable population among these patients is essential. It is speculated that along with ACE2, other auxiliary proteins (DPP4, ANPEP, ENPEP, TMPRSS2) might facilitate the entry of coronaviruses in the host cells. We took a bioinformatics approach to analyze the gene and protein expression data of these coronavirus receptors in human normal and cancer tissues of multiple organs. Here, we demonstrated an extensive RNA and protein expression profiling analysis of these receptors across solid tumors and normal tissues. We found that among all, renal tumor and normal tissues exhibited increased levels of ACE2, DPP4, ANPEP, and ENPEP. Our results revealed that TMPRSS2 may not be the co-receptor for coronavirus in renal carcinoma patients. The receptors expression levels were variable in different tumor stages, molecular and immune subtypes of renal carcinoma. In clear cell renal cell carcinomas, coronavirus receptors were associated with high immune infiltration, markers of immunosuppression, and T cell exhaustion. Our study indicates that CoV receptors may play an important role in modulating the immune infiltrate and hence cellular immunity in renal carcinoma. As our current knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms will improve, it may help us in designing focused therapeutic approaches.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-06
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.07.02.184663
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Fatty acid oxidation protects cancer cells from apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial membrane lipids.

Li, Yi-Jia / Fahrmann, Johannes Francois / Aftabizadeh, Maryam / Zhao, Qianqian / Tripathi, Satyendra C / Zhang, Chunyan / Yuan, Yuan / Ann, David / Hanash, Samir / Yu, Hua

Cell reports

2022 Volume 39, Issue 13, Page(s) 111044

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111044
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Fatty acid oxidation protects cancer cells from apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial membrane lipids.

Li, Yi-Jia / Fahrmann, Johannes Francois / Aftabizadeh, Maryam / Zhao, Qianqian / Tripathi, Satyendra C / Zhang, Chunyan / Yuan, Yuan / Ann, David / Hanash, Samir / Yu, Hua

Cell reports

2022 Volume 39, Issue 9, Page(s) 110870

Abstract: Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. ... ...

Abstract	Overcoming resistance to chemotherapies remains a major unmet need for cancers, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, mechanistic studies to provide insight for drug development are urgently needed to overcome TNBC therapy resistance. Recently, an important role of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in chemoresistance has been shown. But how FAO might mitigate tumor cell apoptosis by chemotherapy is unclear. Here, we show that elevated FAO activates STAT3 by acetylation via elevated acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). Acetylated STAT3 upregulates expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), resulting in increased phospholipid synthesis. Elevating phospholipids in mitochondrial membranes leads to heightened mitochondrial integrity, which in turn overcomes chemotherapy-induced tumor cell apoptosis. Conversely, in both cultured tumor cells and xenograft tumors, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ASCL4 or specifically targeting acetylated-STAT3 is associated with a reduction in phospholipids within mitochondrial membranes. This study demonstrates a critical mechanism underlying tumor cell chemoresistance.
MeSH term(s)	Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids ; Membrane Lipids ; Phospholipids ; Acetyl Coenzyme A (72-89-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110870
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: NFATc Acts as a Non-Canonical Phenotypic Stability Factor for a Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Phenotype.

Subbalakshmi, Ayalur Raghu / Kundnani, Deepali / Biswas, Kuheli / Ghosh, Anandamohan / Hanash, Samir M / Tripathi, Satyendra C / Jolly, Mohit Kumar

Frontiers in oncology

2020 Volume 10, Page(s) 553342

Abstract: Metastasis remains the cause of over 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cells undergoing metastasis use phenotypic plasticity to adapt to their changing environmental conditions and avoid therapy and immune response. Reversible transitions between epithelial ... ...

Abstract	Metastasis remains the cause of over 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cells undergoing metastasis use phenotypic plasticity to adapt to their changing environmental conditions and avoid therapy and immune response. Reversible transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes - epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) - form a key axis of phenotypic plasticity during metastasis and therapy resistance. Recent studies have shown that the cells undergoing EMT/MET can attain one or more hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotypes, the process of which is termed as partial EMT/MET. Cells in hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can be more aggressive than those in either epithelial or mesenchymal state. Thus, it is crucial to identify the factors and regulatory networks enabling such hybrid E/M phenotypes. Here, employing an integrated computational-experimental approach, we show that the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFATc) can inhibit the process of complete EMT, thus stabilizing the hybrid E/M phenotype. It increases the range of parameters enabling the existence of a hybrid E/M phenotype, thus behaving as a phenotypic stability factor (PSF). However, unlike previously identified PSFs, it does not increase the mean residence time of the cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes, as shown by stochastic simulations; rather it enables the co-existence of epithelial, mesenchymal and hybrid E/M phenotypes and transitions among them. Clinical data suggests the effect of NFATc on patient survival in a tissue-specific or context-dependent manner. Together, our results indicate that NFATc behaves as a non-canonical PSF for a hybrid E/M phenotype.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2020.553342
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