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Book ; Online: The effects of a hybrid negative income tax on poverty and inequality

Tromp, Alexander

a microsimulation on the UK and Italy

(EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 17, 15)

2017

Abstract: This paper aims to propose a social protection system that "decommodifies" labour and fulfills the properties of a Social Protection Floor satisfying revenue-neutrality. To this end, firstly, a Universal Basic Income (UBI) scheme is explored. Secondly, ... ...

Author's details	Alexander Tromp
Series title	EUROMOD working paper series ; EM 17, 15
Abstract	This paper aims to propose a social protection system that "decommodifies" labour and fulfills the properties of a Social Protection Floor satisfying revenue-neutrality. To this end, firstly, a Universal Basic Income (UBI) scheme is explored. Secondly, the UBI is transformed into a Negative Income Tax (NIT) scheme, providing universal protection instead of universal benefits. Finally, the NIT is modified into a Hybrid NIT (HNIT), being a mixture of NIT and a classic social assistance scheme. It features a 100% withdrawal rate, consequently allowing for a higher guaranteed minimum income level than would be possible with either an NIT or UBI. A static microsimulation, using the EUROMOD model, is conducted on the HNIT scheme, implementing two scenarios. One scenario establishes what the maximum levels of entitlements could be, assuming revenue-neutrality and current marginal tax levels. The other scenario assumes more generous entitlements and computes which tax rates would be necessary to pay for such a scheme. The models are applied to both Italy and the United Kingdom. The results are interpreted in terms of poverty and inequality statistics while closely looking into the assumptions of the microsimulation models. In the first scenario a modest level of guaranteed minimum income is feasible, decreasing both poverty and inequality decidedly compared to current levels. This effect is even stronger in the second scenario, however, it results in unrealistically high tax rates, especially for Italy. The impact on poverty and inequality of the HNIT scheme is markedly higher for Italy in both scenarios suggesting that the United Kingdom has currently a social protection system in place that redistributes more efficiently than Italy.
Keywords	social protection policy reform ; tax-benefit system reform ; static microsimulation ; income inequality and poverty ; work incentives ; negative income tax
Language	English
Size	1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten), Illustrationen
Publisher	Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex
Publishing place	Colchester, Essex, UK
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Article: Optimising the zebrafish Cre/Lox toolbox. Codon improved iCre, new gateway tools, Cre protein and guidelines.

Tromp, Alisha / Wang, Haitao / Hall, Thomas E / Mowry, Bryan / Giacomotto, Jean

Frontiers in physiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1221310

Abstract: We recently introduced the Cre/Lox technology in our laboratory for both transient (mRNA injections) and stable/transgenic experiments. We experienced significant issues such as silencing, mosaicism, and partial recombination using both approaches. ... ...

Abstract	We recently introduced the Cre/Lox technology in our laboratory for both transient (mRNA injections) and stable/transgenic experiments. We experienced significant issues such as silencing, mosaicism, and partial recombination using both approaches. Reviewing the literature gave us the impression that these issues are common among the zebrafish community using the Cre/Lox system. While some researchers took advantage of these problems for specific applications, such as cell and lineage tracing using the Zebrabow construct, we tried here to improve the efficiency and reliability of this system by constituting and testing a new set of tools for zebrafish genetics. First, we implemented a codon-improved Cre version (iCre) designed for rodent studies to counteract some of the aforementioned problems. This eukaryotic-like iCre version was engineered to i) reduce silencing, ii) increase mRNA stability, iii) enhance translational efficiency, and iv) improve nuclear translocation. Second, we established a new set of tol2-kit compatible vectors to facilitate the generation of either iCre-mRNA or iCre-transgenes for transient and transgenic experiments, respectively. We then validated the use of this material and are providing tips for users. Interestingly, during the validation steps, we found that maternal iCRE-mRNA and/or protein deposition from female transgenics systematically led to complete/homogeneous conversion of all tested Lox-responder-transgenes, as opposed to some residual imperfect conversion when using males-drivers or mRNA injections. Considering that we did not find any evidence of Cre-protein soaking and injections in the literature as it is usually conducted with cells, we tested these approaches. While soaking of cell-permeant CRE-protein did not lead to any detectable Lox-conversion, 1ng-10 ng protein injections led to robust and homogeneous Lox-recombination, suggesting that the use of protein could be a robust option for exogenous delivery. This approach may be particularly useful to manipulate housekeeping genes involved in development, sex determination and reproduction which are difficult to investigate with traditional knockout approaches. All in all, we are providing here a new set of tools that should be useful in the field.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2023.1221310
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Neurexins in autism and schizophrenia-a review of patient mutations, mouse models and potential future directions.

Tromp, Alisha / Mowry, Bryan / Giacomotto, Jean

Molecular psychiatry

2020 Volume 26, Issue 3, Page(s) 747–760

Abstract: Mutations in the family of neurexins (NRXN1, NRXN2 and NRXN3) have been repeatedly identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, it remains unclear how these DNA variants affect neurexin functions and ... ...

Abstract	Mutations in the family of neurexins (NRXN1, NRXN2 and NRXN3) have been repeatedly identified in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, it remains unclear how these DNA variants affect neurexin functions and thereby predispose to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding both the wild-type and pathologic roles of these genes in the brain could help unveil biological mechanisms underlying mental disorders. In this regard, numerous studies have focused on generating relevant loss-of-function (LOF) mammalian models. Although this has increased our knowledge about their normal functions, the potential pathologic role(s) of these human variants remains elusive. Indeed, after reviewing the literature, it seems apparent that a traditional LOF-genetic approach based on complete LOF might not be sufficient to unveil the role of these human mutations. First, these genes present a very complex transcriptome and total-LOF of all isoforms may not be the cause of toxicity in patients, particularly given evidence that causative variants act through haploinsufficiency. Moreover, human DNA variants may not all lead to LOF but potentially to intricate transcriptome changes that could also include the generation of aberrant isoforms acting as a gain-of-function (GOF). Furthermore, their transcriptomic complexity most likely renders them prone to genetic compensation when one tries to manipulate them using traditional site-directed mutagenesis approaches, and this could act differently from model to model leading to heterogeneous and conflicting phenotypes. This review compiles the relevant literature on variants identified in human studies and on the mouse models currently deployed, and offers suggestions for future research.
MeSH term(s)	Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics ; Autistic Disorder ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Animals
Chemical Substances	Nerve Tissue Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/s41380-020-00944-8
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Article ; Online: Pipeline for generating stable large genomic deletions in zebrafish, from small domains to whole gene excisions.

Tromp, Alisha / Robinson, Kate / Hall, Thomas E / Mowry, Bryan / Giacomotto, Jean

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 12

Abstract: Here we describe a short feasibility study and methodological framework for the production of stable, CRISPR/Cas9-based, large genomic deletions in zebrafish, ranging from several base pairs (bp) to hundreds of kilobases (kb). Using a cocktail of four ... ...

Abstract	Here we describe a short feasibility study and methodological framework for the production of stable, CRISPR/Cas9-based, large genomic deletions in zebrafish, ranging from several base pairs (bp) to hundreds of kilobases (kb). Using a cocktail of four single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting a single genomic region mixed with a marker-sgRNA against the pigmentation gene tyrosinase, we demonstrate that one can easily and accurately excise genomic regions such as promoters, protein domains, specific exons, or whole genes. We exemplify this technique with a complex gene family, neurexins, composed of three duplicated genes with multiple promoters and intricate splicing processes leading to thousands of isoforms. We precisely deleted small regions such as their transmembrane domains (150 bp deletion in average) to their entire genomic locus (300 kb deletion for nrxn1a for instance). We find that both the concentration and ratio of Cas9/sgRNAs are critical for the successful generation of these large deletions and, interestingly, that in our study, their transmission frequency does not seem to decrease with increasing distance between sgRNA target sites. Considering the growing reports and debate about genetically compensated small indel mutants, the use of large-deletion approaches is likely to be widely adopted in studies of gene function. This strategy will also be key to the study of non-coding genomic regions. Note that we are also describing here a custom method to produce the sgRNAs, which proved to be faster and more robust than the ones traditionally used in the community to date.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Exons ; Genomics ; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2629978-1
ISSN	2160-1836 ; 2160-1836
ISSN (online)	2160-1836
ISSN	2160-1836
DOI	10.1093/g3journal/jkab321
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Article: Influence of yeast strain, sediments, nitrogen and temperature on the rate of fermentation and quality of wine

Tromp, A.

Bulletin de l'OIV

1985 Volume 58, Page(s) 247–255

Abstract: Author has tested the influence of 2 levels of sediments, 2 levels of N, of 3 temperatures of fermentation (10, 13 and 15 C) and of 4 yeast strains on the rate of fermentation (days for completion of fermentation) and on wine quality. Juice sediments ... ...

Title variant	INFLUENCE DE LA SOUCHE DE LEVURE, DES BOURBES, DE L'AZOTE ET DE LA TEMPERATURE DE FERMENTATION SUR LA VITESSE DE FERMENTATION ET SUR LA QUALITE DU VIN
Abstract	Author has tested the influence of 2 levels of sediments, 2 levels of N, of 3 temperatures of fermentation (10, 13 and 15 C) and of 4 yeast strains on the rate of fermentation (days for completion of fermentation) and on wine quality. Juice sediments decrease significantly the duration of fermentation but to the detriment of quality. Addition of N (from 270 mg N/l to 520 mg N/l as (NH4)2HPO4) decreases the duration of fermentation and also improves the wine quality. Fermentation at 15, 13 and 10 C lasted on average 38, 54 and 62 d. The yeast strains behaved differently under the various conditions of fermentation. (C. Buteau, Guelph) [AZ 13;991
Keywords	yeast culture ; lees ; fermentation ; temperature ; wine quality
Language	French
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	860329-7
ISSN	0029-7127
ISSN	0029-7127
Database	Viticulture and Oenology Abstracts

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Article: The effect of yeast strain, grape solids, nitrogen and temperature on fermentation rate and wine quality

Tromp, A.

South African Journal for Enology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch

1984 Volume 5, Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: The effect of 4 yeast strains, 2 levels of grape solids, 2 N levels and 3 fermentation temperatures was studied on total fermentation time (TFT) and wine quality. For this purpose a N deficient Chenin blanc must was employed. It was found that the ... ...

Abstract	The effect of 4 yeast strains, 2 levels of grape solids, 2 N levels and 3 fermentation temperatures was studied on total fermentation time (TFT) and wine quality. For this purpose a N deficient Chenin blanc must was employed. It was found that the presence of solids, addition of N and fermenting at 15 C decreased TFT dramatically. N was the only factor which also increased wine quality, the other two having a detrimental effect. At optimum levels of N, 2 yeast strains reduced TFT without detrimentally affecting wine quality. Marked differences between the yeast strains were found. For one strain no solids should be present and fermentation conducted at 10-13 C. For another, traces of solids should be present and a fermentation temperature of 13-15 C should be utilized. Under these conditions the two yeast strains reduced TFT from 76 d to as few as 30 and 15 d respectively. From the results it is again evident that yeast strain plays a major role in winemaking and that future research should be aimed at selecting new yeast strains in conjunction with normal must composition and vinification parameters. (P. de Wet, Stellenbosch) [Z 146;1273
Keywords	fermentation ; yeast culture ; must ; fining ; nitrogen ; temperature ; wine quality
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Viticulture and Oenology Abstracts

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Article: Integrated production of wine (IPW) - The South African system as a consumer guarantee

Tromp, A. / Marais, E.

Bulletin de l'OIV

2000 Volume 73, Issue 837-838, Page(s) 738–753

Abstract: The Scheme for Integrated Production of Wine (IPW) was introduced in South Africa in 1999. Although voluntary, 96 % of producers representing 99.7 % of grapes harvested, have joined the Scheme. Fifteen guidelines for production of grapes and 15 for ... ...

Title variant	La production intégrée de vin (PIV). Le procédé sud-africain comme garantie pour les consommateurs
Institution	Scheme for IPW, Dennesig 7601, Rep. of South Africa
Abstract	The Scheme for Integrated Production of Wine (IPW) was introduced in South Africa in 1999. Although voluntary, 96 % of producers representing 99.7 % of grapes harvested, have joined the Scheme. Fifteen guidelines for production of grapes and 15 for production of wine form the technical base of IPW. Guidelines are revised every two years by an IPW Committee of experts. Spray records are evaluated based on IP coding of registered agrochemicals by the AgChem Environmental Work Group, which assesses the environmental impact of each chemical. Compliance with guidelines for grapes and winemaking are evaluated by producers and winemakers themselves, and audited by ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij on a spot check basis. Evaluation records are also available to buyers. [AZ 13] (Auth. abstract)
Keywords	VITICULTURE ; WINERY MANAGEMENT ; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ; LAW ; REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
Language	English ; French
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	860329-7
ISSN	0029-7127
ISSN	0029-7127
Database	Viticulture and Oenology Abstracts

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Article: Integrated production of wine and SANS 64. The quality management system of the South African wine industry

Tromp, A. / Van, S. r / Allsopp. E.

Bulletin de l'OIV

2005 Volume 78, Issue 891-892, Page(s) 347–359

Abstract: The Scheme for Integrated Production of Wine was introduced in South Africa in 1998. Fifteen guidelines for production of grapes and 13 for production of wine form the technical base of IPW. Compliance with guidelines is evaluated by producers and ... ...

Institution	The Wine and Spirit Board, Scheme for the Integrated Production of Wine, Dennesig 7601, Stellenbosch, Rep. of South Africa
Abstract	The Scheme for Integrated Production of Wine was introduced in South Africa in 1998. Fifteen guidelines for production of grapes and 13 for production of wine form the technical base of IPW. Compliance with guidelines is evaluated by producers and winemakers themselves, and audited by ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij and Enviroscientific Auditing Services on a spot check basis. Evaluation of spray records on farms is based on IP coding of registered agrochemicals, which assesses the environmental impact of each product. In 2001 a system called SANS 64 (South African National Standard) was introduced that extends the IPW Scheme's guarantees regarding environment friendly production to include guarantees with regard to quality, food safety, social and worker safety in the wine industry. [AZ 13] (Auth. abstract)
Keywords	PRODUCTION ; WINERY MANAGEMENT ; FARM MANAGEMENT
Language	English ; German ; Spanish ; French
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	860329-7
ISSN	0029-7127
ISSN	0029-7127
Database	Viticulture and Oenology Abstracts

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Article: A practitioner's views on fluid therapy in calves.

Tromp, A M

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice

1990 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–110

Abstract: Intravenous fluid therapy is often the only effective treatment of severely dehydrated calves. In farm animal practice, application of IV fluid therapy is still comparatively rare. A protocol for treatment of dehydration and acidosis in the field is ... ...

Abstract	Intravenous fluid therapy is often the only effective treatment of severely dehydrated calves. In farm animal practice, application of IV fluid therapy is still comparatively rare. A protocol for treatment of dehydration and acidosis in the field is described, along with the rationale behind each fluid used. Even without the support of sophisticated laboratory analysis, an estimated 50% of calves that are expected to die of dehydration recover after IV fluid therapy is given.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/therapy ; Dehydration/therapy ; Dehydration/veterinary ; Fluid Therapy/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	1990-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	286086-7
ISSN	1558-4240 ; 0749-0720
ISSN (online)	1558-4240
ISSN	0749-0720
DOI	10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30897-5
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Book: Elimination of detrimental yeasts, bacteria and fungi from musts and wines:Elimination of yeasts after bottling with Potassium sorbate. 1975-1977

Tromp, A.

1979 , Page(s) 23–24pp.

Abstract: The aim of this investigation was to determine at which concentration sorbic acid inhibits yeasts to such an extent that yeast spoilage of semi-sweet wines is prevented. A secondary aim was to determine what the effect of sorbic acid was on wine quality. ...

Abstract	The aim of this investigation was to determine at which concentration sorbic acid inhibits yeasts to such an extent that yeast spoilage of semi-sweet wines is prevented. A secondary aim was to determine what the effect of sorbic acid was on wine quality. This entailed the determination of the organoleptic threshold of sorbic acid as well as the effect of the development of the so-called geranium off-odour in wines, on wine quality.
Keywords	post fermentation care ; preservative ; organic acid ; stabilization
Language	English
Document type	Book
Database	Viticulture and Oenology Abstracts

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