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  1. Article: [Evaluation of a thyroid nodule].

    Tryggvason, Geir / Briem, Birgir

    Laeknabladid

    2017  Volume 102, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–27

    Abstract: Thyroid nodules are common and their incidence has increased due to various factors. Systematic approach to the work-up of thyroid nodules is necessary to decrease overdiagnosis as well as over treatment. Applying the trifecta of history, physicial ... ...

    Abstract Thyroid nodules are common and their incidence has increased due to various factors. Systematic approach to the work-up of thyroid nodules is necessary to decrease overdiagnosis as well as over treatment. Applying the trifecta of history, physicial examination and high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) as well as fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with added TSH measurement is important in the work-up. HRUS is a central part in the diagnostic approach, being able to risk classify nodules and selecting nodules for FNAB. Systematic analysis of aspirates is necessary to simplify communication between cytologists and clinicians. 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Landspitali, Fossvogi, 2Department of Medicine, University of Iceland. Key words: thyroid nodule, thyroid cancer, ultrasound, cytology Correspondence: Geir Tryggvason, geirt@lsh.is.
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/blood ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Neoplasms/blood ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy ; Thyroid Nodule/blood ; Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis ; Thyroid Nodule/therapy ; Thyrotropin/blood ; Ultrasonography
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Thyrotropin (9002-71-5)
    Language Icelandic
    Publishing date 2017-05-11
    Publishing country Iceland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 806661-9
    ISSN 1670-4959 ; 0023-7213
    ISSN (online) 1670-4959
    ISSN 0023-7213
    DOI 10.17992/lbl.2017.01.117
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  2. Article ; Online: Salivary gland tumours in Iceland 1986-2015: a nationwide epidemiological analysis over a 30-year time period.

    Aegisdottir, Anna Lilja / Tryggvason, Geir / Jonsdottir, Anna Margret / Jonasson, Jon Gunnlaugur

    APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica

    2020  Volume 129, Issue 2, Page(s) 55–60

    Abstract: Salivary gland tumours (SGT) are a vast and heterogenous group of neoplasms. There is a relative lack of comprehensive nationwide epidemiological studies on the subject. The aim of this nationwide analysis was to gain insight into epidemiological traits, ...

    Abstract Salivary gland tumours (SGT) are a vast and heterogenous group of neoplasms. There is a relative lack of comprehensive nationwide epidemiological studies on the subject. The aim of this nationwide analysis was to gain insight into epidemiological traits, such as site, incidence and histological subtypes of SGT in general. Patients diagnosed with a primary SGT between 1986 and 2015 were identified from The Icelandic Cancer Registry and registries from all pathology departments in Iceland. Information on age, sex, tumour location and histology was retrieved from pathology reports. A total of 687 patients were diagnosed with a SGT, 609 (89%) were benign and 78 (11%) malignant. 9% of parotid gland tumours, 22% of submandibular gland tumours and 26% of minor SGT were malignant. The most common malignant tumours were mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The incidence of benign SGT was 4.9 per 100 000 among men and 7.0 per 100 000 among women. The incidence of malignant tumours was 0.59 per 100 000 for men and 0.79 per 100 000 for women. The proportion of malignant SGT is lower than most often reported. Only 10% of parotid gland tumours, 20% of submandibular gland tumours and 25% of minor salivary gland tumours are malignant.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/pathology ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland/pathology ; Registries ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Salivary Glands, Minor/pathology ; Submandibular Gland/pathology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-03
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 93340-5
    ISSN 1600-0463 ; 0903-4641
    ISSN (online) 1600-0463
    ISSN 0903-4641
    DOI 10.1111/apm.13090
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  3. Article ; Online: Utilization and outcomes of tracheostomies in the intensive care unit in Iceland in 2007-2020: A descriptive study.

    Kristinsdottir, Eyrun A / Sigvaldason, Kristinn / Karason, Sigurbergur / Jonasdottir, Rannveig J / Bodvarsdottir, Regina / Olafsson, Oddur / Tryggvason, Geir / Gudbjartsson, Tomas / Sigurdsson, Martin I

    Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica

    2022  Volume 66, Issue 8, Page(s) 996–1002

    Abstract: Background: Tracheostomies are commonly utilized in ICU patients due to prolonged mechanical ventilation, upper airway obstruction, or surgery in the face/neck region. However, practices regarding the timing of placement and utilization vary. This study ...

    Abstract Background: Tracheostomies are commonly utilized in ICU patients due to prolonged mechanical ventilation, upper airway obstruction, or surgery in the face/neck region. However, practices regarding the timing of placement and utilization vary. This study provides a nationwide overview of tracheostomy utilization and outcomes in the ICU over a 14-year period.
    Methods: A retrospective study including all patients that received a tracheostomy during their ICU stay in Iceland between 2007 and 2020. Data were retrieved from hospital records on admission cause, comorbidities, indication for tracheostomy insertion, duration of mechanical ventilation before and after tracheostomy placement, extubation attempts, complications, length of ICU and hospital stay and survival. Descriptive statistics were provided, and survival analysis was performed using Cox regression.
    Results: A total of 336 patients (median age 64 years, 33% females) received a tracheostomy during the study period. The most common indication for tracheostomy insertion was respiratory failure, followed by neurological disorders. The median duration of mechanical ventilation prior to tracheostomy insertion was 9 days and at least one extubation had been attempted in 35% of the cases. Percutaneous tracheostomies were 32%. The overall rate of complications was 25% and the most common short-term complication was bleeding (5%). In-hospital mortality was 33%. The one- and five-year survival rate was 60% and 44%, respectively.
    Conclusions: We describe a whole-nation practice of tracheostomies. A notable finding is the relatively low rate of extubation attempts prior to tracheostomy insertion. Future work should focus on standardization of assessing the need for tracheostomy and the role of extubation attempts prior to tracheostomy placement.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheostomy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80002-8
    ISSN 1399-6576 ; 0001-5172
    ISSN (online) 1399-6576
    ISSN 0001-5172
    DOI 10.1111/aas.14105
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    Zs.A 22: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Warfarin is associated with higher rates of epistaxis compared to direct oral anticoagulants: A nationwide propensity score-weighted study.

    Ingason, Arnar B / Rumba, Edward / Hreinsson, Johann P / Agustsson, Arnar S / Lund, Sigrun H / Palsson, Daniel A / Reynisson, Indridi E / Gudmundsdottir, Brynja R / Onundarson, Pall T / Tryggvason, Geir / Bjornsson, Einar S

    Journal of internal medicine

    2022  Volume 292, Issue 3, Page(s) 501–511

    Abstract: Background: Although epistaxis is one of the most common side effects of oral anticoagulation, it is unclear whether epistaxis rates vary between different oral anticoagulants (OAC).: Objective: To compare rates of clinically relevant epistaxis ... ...

    Abstract Background: Although epistaxis is one of the most common side effects of oral anticoagulation, it is unclear whether epistaxis rates vary between different oral anticoagulants (OAC).
    Objective: To compare rates of clinically relevant epistaxis between OAC.
    Methods: Epistaxis event rates were compared between new users of apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin in a nationwide population-based cohort study over a 5-year study period, 2014-2019. Data was collected from the Icelandic Medicine Registry and the five major hospitals in Iceland. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to yield balanced baseline characteristics, and epistaxis rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox regression.
    Results: During the study period, 2098 patients received apixaban, 474 dabigatran, 3106 rivaroxaban, and 1403 warfarin. In total, 93 patients presented with clinically relevant epistaxis, including 11 (12%) major epistaxis events and one fatal epistaxis episode. Furthermore, seven patients (9%) with non-major epistaxis later presented with major bleeding during the follow-up period. Warfarin use was associated with higher rates of epistaxis compared to apixaban (2.2 events per 100-person years (events/100-py) vs. 0.6 events/100-py, hazard ratio [HR] 4.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08-8.59, p < 0.001), rivaroxaban (2.2 events/100-py vs. 1.0 events/100-py, HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.28-4.01, p = 0.005), and dabigatran (2.2 events/100-py vs. no events, HR n/a, p < 0.001).
    Conclusion: Warfarin treatment was associated with higher rates of clinically relevant epistaxis compared to direct oral anticoagulants.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation/complications ; Cohort Studies ; Dabigatran ; Epistaxis/chemically induced ; Epistaxis/complications ; Epistaxis/epidemiology ; Humans ; Propensity Score ; Pyridones ; Retrospective Studies ; Rivaroxaban ; Stroke/drug therapy ; Warfarin
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Pyridones ; Warfarin (5Q7ZVV76EI) ; Rivaroxaban (9NDF7JZ4M3) ; Dabigatran (I0VM4M70GC)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 96274-0
    ISSN 1365-2796 ; 0954-6820
    ISSN (online) 1365-2796
    ISSN 0954-6820
    DOI 10.1111/joim.13498
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  5. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of sebaceous carcinoma of the head and neck: implications for lymph node management.

    Tryggvason, Geir / Bayon, Rodrigo / Pagedar, Nitin A

    Head & neck

    2012  Volume 34, Issue 12, Page(s) 1765–1768

    Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of nodal disease in sebaceous carcinoma and its impact on survival.: Methods: Data from the 17 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was ... ...

    Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of nodal disease in sebaceous carcinoma and its impact on survival.
    Methods: Data from the 17 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was retrospectively collected for sebaceous carcinoma from 1973 to 2007. Information on location, histologic grade, stage of disease, and survival was gathered.
    Results: One thousand eight hundred thirty-six sebaceous carcinomas were diagnosed during the time period: 633 (34.5%) in the eyelid and 786 (42.8%) in the extraocular head and neck skin. Eyelid sebaceous carcinomas had higher histologic grade compared with tumors in extraocular sites (p < .001). Ocular sebaceous carcinomas had a higher incidence of regional or distant metastases at presentation (4.4%) compared with extraocular head and neck sites (0.9%; p = .03). There was a high incidence of N+ disease in poorly differentiated ocular sebaceous carcinomas (15.2%).
    Conclusion: The incidence of nodal disease was higher with eyelid tumors. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be considered for eyelid tumors, but not for non-eyelid head and neck tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Eyelid Neoplasms/mortality ; Eyelid Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; SEER Program ; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/mortality ; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/pathology ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645165-2
    ISSN 1097-0347 ; 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
    ISSN (online) 1097-0347
    ISSN 0148-6403 ; 1043-3074
    DOI 10.1002/hed.22009
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  6. Article ; Online: Radiographic association of schwannomas with sensory ganglia.

    Tryggvason, Geir / Barnett, Andrew / Kim, John / Soken, Hakan / Maley, Joan / Hansen, Marlan R

    Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology

    2012  Volume 33, Issue 7, Page(s) 1276–1282

    Abstract: Objective: Clinical experience suggests that the majority of schwannomas arise within sensory ganglia, suggesting that intraganglionic glial cells represent a potential cell of origin for schwannomas. To support this clinical impression, we reviewed ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Clinical experience suggests that the majority of schwannomas arise within sensory ganglia, suggesting that intraganglionic glial cells represent a potential cell of origin for schwannomas. To support this clinical impression, we reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed over a 5-year period at our institution to determine the relationship of cranial and spinal nerve schwannomas with the ganglia of the associated nerves.
    Study design: Retrospective cohort study.
    Setting: Tertiary referral center.
    Patients: Patients undergoing imaging study at our institution over a 5-year period.
    Intervention(s): Radiographic images at our institution were reviewed as well as published studies to determine the anatomic location of schwannomas.
    Main outcome measure(s): Anatomic location of schwannomas.
    Results: A total of 372 patients were found over the 5-year study period, 31 of those were diagnosed with neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). Vestibular schwannomas comprised the greatest number of schwannomas, followed by spinal schwannomas. In NF2 patients, spinal schwannomas were the most common tumor, followed by vestibular schwannomas. In NF2 patients and those with sporadic schwannomas, the overwhelming majority of tumors arose in nerves with a sensory component and were associated with the sensory ganglia of the nerves (562/607, 92.6%). Very few tumors arose from pure motor nerves. This is supported by review of published articles on anatomic location of schwannomas.
    Conclusion: Schwannomas are strongly associated anatomically with the ganglia of sensory nerves. These findings raise the possibility that intraganglionic glial cells give rise to the majority of schwannomas.
    MeSH term(s) Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/pathology ; Ganglia, Sensory/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma/pathology ; Neurofibromatosis 2/pathology ; Neuroma, Acoustic/pathology ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2036790-9
    ISSN 1537-4505 ; 1531-7129
    ISSN (online) 1537-4505
    ISSN 1531-7129
    DOI 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318263d315
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    Zs.A 1554: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Flöguthekjukrabbamein á höfud- og hálssvaedi.

    Tryggvason, Geir / Sveinsson, Thórarinn E / Hjartarson, Hannes / Hálfdanarson, Thorvardur R

    Laeknabladid

    2009  Volume 95, Issue 10, Page(s) 671–680

    Abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is relatively common and is strongly related to smoking and alcohol consumption but infection by human papillomavirus has also emerged as a risk factor for HNSCC. The treatment of these tumors is complicated ... ...

    Title translation Head and neck squamous cell cancer.
    Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is relatively common and is strongly related to smoking and alcohol consumption but infection by human papillomavirus has also emerged as a risk factor for HNSCC. The treatment of these tumors is complicated and patients are best served by a multidisciplinary team. The therapy now commonly involves a multidisciplinary approach including surgery, radiation treatment and chemotherapy. Lower stage disease carries a relatively good prognosis. The treatment of metastatic HNSCC remains unsatisfactory and the prognosis of these patients is poor.
    MeSH term(s) Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/secondary ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Papillomavirus Infections/virology ; Patient Care Team ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome
    Language Icelandic
    Publishing date 2009-10
    Publishing country Iceland
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 806661-9
    ISSN 1670-4959 ; 0023-7213
    ISSN (online) 1670-4959
    ISSN 0023-7213
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  8. Article: [Public comprehension of medical terminology.].

    Briem, Birgir / Karlsson, Thornorlákur / Tryggvason, Geir / Baldursson, Olafur

    Laeknabladid

    2004  Volume 90, Issue 2, Page(s) 111–119

    Abstract: The quality of doctor-patient communication is critical for the practice of medicine. Studies show that effective communication results in patient satisfaction and improved compliance. To better understand one aspect of this complex phenomenon we ... ...

    Abstract The quality of doctor-patient communication is critical for the practice of medicine. Studies show that effective communication results in patient satisfaction and improved compliance. To better understand one aspect of this complex phenomenon we estimated the ability of people to comprehend 11 commonly used medical terms. We used multiple choice questions in a telephone survey of 1167 Icelanders aged 16-75 years. Results (% of participants with correct answers): Gastroesophageal reflux (72), emphysema (25), steroids (40), one tablet twice a day (79), side effects (67), bronchitis (68), white blood cells (56), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (33), diabetes mellitus (72), antibiotics (87), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (42). Variables associated with better comprehension were: Female gender (better in 7/10 questions), university degree (10/10) and high income (9/10). Decision tree analysis showed that education had the most impact. The youngest participants (age 16-24) had the worst outcome in seven out of 10 questions. The results define certain medical terms that require more careful explanation than others. They also indicate that those of young age, low socioeconomic status and less educated require more help in understanding medical terms. Interestingly, 21% of participants failed to understand a very simple medication order, emphasizing the importance of explaining these in detail. The data may also have implications for informed consent. A larger study exploring the public comprehension of multiple medical terms should be considered.
    Language Icelandic
    Publishing date 2004-02
    Publishing country Iceland
    Document type English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 806661-9
    ISSN 1670-4959 ; 0023-7213
    ISSN (online) 1670-4959
    ISSN 0023-7213
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  9. Article ; Online: Tyrosine kinase mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a nation-wide study in Iceland.

    Tryggvason, Geir / Hilmarsdottir, Bylgja / Gunnarsson, Guethmundur H / Jónsson, Jón Jóhannes / Jónasson, Jón G / Magnússon, Magnús K

    APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica

    2010  Volume 118, Issue 9, Page(s) 648–656

    Abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase genes c-kit or PDGFRA. This study examined the mutation rate and type in a ... ...

    Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase genes c-kit or PDGFRA. This study examined the mutation rate and type in a population-based material. All gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors over the years 1990-2004 were evaluated and GIST tumors identified using immunohistochemistry (c-kit) and conventional pathologic parameters. Paraffin sections from all tumors were subjected to mutation analysis on exons 9, 11, 13 and 17 of the c-kit gene and exons 12 and 18 of the PDGFRA gene. To screen for mutations, we used a highly sensitive conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) and to define the mutated alleles, we employed direct automated DNA sequencing. All c-kit-positive gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors were entered into the study. Fifty-six tumors from 55 patients were analyzed. Mutations were found in 52 tumors representing a 92.9% mutational rate. Most of the mutations were found in c-kit exon 11 (76.8%), followed by c-kit exon 9 (10.7%). PDGFRA mutations were only found in three tumors. No correlation of mutation type with biologic behavior was found. This population-based study, using a sensitive CSGE method, identifies mutations in the great majority of patients with GIST.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification ; Exons ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/enzymology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology ; Humans ; Iceland ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Point Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics ; Retrospective Studies ; Sequence Deletion
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-09-01
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 93340-5
    ISSN 1600-0463 ; 0903-4641
    ISSN (online) 1600-0463
    ISSN 0903-4641
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02643.x
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  10. Article: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Iceland, 1990-2003: the icelandic GIST study, a population-based incidence and pathologic risk stratification study.

    Tryggvason, Geir / Gíslason, Hjörtur G / Magnússon, Magnús K / Jónasson, Jón G

    International journal of cancer

    2005  Volume 117, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–293

    Abstract: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a newly defined clinical and pathologic entity. This study examines the whole population-based incidence of GIST as well as pathologic risk stratification schemes. All patients diagnosed in Iceland with a ... ...

    Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a newly defined clinical and pathologic entity. This study examines the whole population-based incidence of GIST as well as pathologic risk stratification schemes. All patients diagnosed in Iceland with a gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor over the years 1990-2003 were evaluated with an immunohistochemical panel including staining for c-kit. The age-adjusted incidence of GIST was calculated. Size, mitotic rate per 50 HPF and various other pathologic parameters were evaluated. Each tumor was categorized into 1 of 4 recently defined NIH risk stratification categories. Fifty-seven of the mesenchymal gastrointestinal tumors were positive for c-kit and therefore categorized as GIST. The annual incidence for the study period is 1.1 per 100,000. The median age of patients was 65.8 years and median tumor size was 4.6 cm. Only 2 of 35 gastric tumors fall into the NIH high-risk category while half of the nongastric tumors (11 of 22) fall into this high-risk category. Eight of the 57 tumors (14%) metastasized, 7 of which were nongastric. The positive predictive value for malignant behavior of the high-risk category is 46%. The negative predictive value of low- and very-low-risk NIH category is 100%. Pathologic predictors of malignant behavior are tumor size, mitotic rate, mucosal disruption, necrosis and high cellularity. Nongastric GISTs are clearly at much higher risk of a malignant behavior than gastric GISTs. This population-based GIST study estimates the incidence of GISTs at 1.1 per 100,000 and furthermore supports the NIH consensus categories for the prediction of malignant behavior of GISTs.
    MeSH term(s) Age Factors ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/epidemiology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology ; Humans ; Iceland/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Risk
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-11-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218257-9
    ISSN 1097-0215 ; 0020-7136
    ISSN (online) 1097-0215
    ISSN 0020-7136
    DOI 10.1002/ijc.21167
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