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Article: The association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Bogumil, David / Wu, Anna H. / Stram, Daniel / Yang, Juan / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Le Marchand, Loïc / Wu, Jun / Cheng, Iona / Setiawan, Veronica Wendy

Environmental research. 2021 Nov., v. 202

2021

Abstract: Prior studies examining the association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer have been conducted in racially/ethnically homogeneous samples and have produced mixed results, with some studies supporting evidence of an association with fine ...

Abstract	Prior studies examining the association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer have been conducted in racially/ethnically homogeneous samples and have produced mixed results, with some studies supporting evidence of an association with fine particulate matter.To further investigate these findings, we estimated exposure levels of particulate matter (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX, and NO₂) using kriging interpolation for 100,527 men and women from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, residing largely in Los Angeles County from 1993 through 2013. We measured the association between these air pollutants and incident pancreatic cancer using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying pollutant measures, with adjustment for confounding factors.A total of 821 incident pancreatic cancer and 1,660,488 person-years accumulated over the study period, with an average follow-up time of over 16 years. PM₂.₅ (per 10 μg/m³) was associated with incident pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09, 2.37). This PM₂.₅ -association was strongest among Latinos (HR = 3.59; 95% CI, 1.60, 8.06) and ever smokers (HR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.05, 2.94). There was no association for PM₁₀ (HR = 1.12; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.32, per 10 μg/m³), NOₓ (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88, 1.48, per 50 ppb), or NO₂ (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.85, 1.54, per 20 ppb).Our findings support prior research identifying an association between fine particulate matter, PM₂.₅, and pancreatic cancer. Although not statistically heterogeneous, this association was most notable among Latinos and smokers. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in an urban setting and in a racially/ethnically diverse population.
Keywords	Latinos ; air ; cohort studies ; ethnic differences ; hazard ratio ; kriging ; nitrogen ; pancreatic neoplasms ; particulates ; research
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2021.111608
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Article ; Online: Metabolic conditions and breast cancer risk among Los Angeles County Filipina Americans compared with Chinese and Japanese Americans.

Wu, Anna H / Vigen, Cheryl / Butler, Lesley M / Tseng, Chiu-Chen

International journal of cancer

2017 Volume 141, Issue 12, Page(s) 2450–2461

Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that the aggregation of common metabolic conditions (high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia) is a risk factor for breast cancer. Breast cancer incidence has risen steadily in Asian American women, and whether these ... ...

Abstract	Accumulating evidence suggests that the aggregation of common metabolic conditions (high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia) is a risk factor for breast cancer. Breast cancer incidence has risen steadily in Asian American women, and whether these metabolic conditions contribute to breast cancer risk in certain Asian American subgroups is unknown. We investigated the role of physician-diagnosed hypertension, high cholesterol and diabetes separately, and in combination, in relation to the risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of 2,167 Asian Americans diagnosed with breast cancer and 2,035 age and ethnicity matched control women in Los Angeles County. Compared to Asian American women who did not have any of the metabolic conditions, those with 1, 2 or 3 conditions showed a steady increase in risk (respective odds ratios were 1.12, 1.42 and 1.62; P trend = 0.001) with adjustment for covariates including body mass index. Similar significant trends were observed in Filipina Americans (P trend = 0.021), postmenopausal women (P trend =0.001), Asian women who were born in the United States (US) (P trend = 0.052) and migrants who have lived in the US for at least 20 years (P trend = 0.004), but not migrants who lived in the US for <20 years (P trend = 0.64). These results suggest that westernization in lifestyle (diet and physical inactivity) and corresponding increase in adiposity have contributed to the rising prevalence of these metabolic conditions, which in turn, are associated with an increase in breast cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Asian Americans/classification ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms/ethnology ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Case-Control Studies ; China/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan/ethnology ; Life Style ; Los Angeles/epidemiology ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications ; Metabolic Syndrome/ethnology ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Philippines/ethnology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	218257-9
ISSN	1097-0215 ; 0020-7136
ISSN (online)	1097-0215
ISSN	0020-7136
DOI	10.1002/ijc.31018
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Article ; Online: Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in a Deficit Accumulation Frailty Index in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Wu, Anna H / Setiawan, V Wendy / Stram, Daniel O / Crimmins, Eileen M / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Lim, Unhee / Park, Song-Yi / White, Kami K / Cheng, Iona / Haiman, Christopher A / Wilkens, Lynne R / Le Marchand, Loïc

The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

2022 Volume 78, Issue 7, Page(s) 1246–1257

Abstract: Background: Frailty status has been sparsely studied in some groups including Native Hawaiians and Asian Americans.: Methods: We developed a questionnaire-based deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and examined ... ...

Abstract	Background: Frailty status has been sparsely studied in some groups including Native Hawaiians and Asian Americans. Methods: We developed a questionnaire-based deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and examined frailty status (robust, FI 0 to <0.2, prefrail, FI 0.2 to <0.35, and frail FI ≥ 0.35) among 29 026 men and 40 756 women. Results: After adjustment for age, demographic, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions, relative to White men, odds of being frail was significantly higher (34%-54%) among African American, Native Hawaiian, and other Asian American men, whereas odds was significantly lower (36%) in Japanese American men and did not differ in Latino men. However, among men who had high school or less, none of the groups displayed significantly higher odds of prefrail or frail compared with White men. Relative to White women, odds of being frail were significantly higher (14%-33%) in African American and Latino women, did not differ for other Asian American women and lower (14%-36%) in Native Hawaiian and Japanese American women. These racial and ethnic differences in women were observed irrespective of education. Risk of all-cause mortality was higher in prefrail and frail men than robust men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.69, 1.59-1.81; HR = 3.27, 3.03-3.53); results were similar in women. All-cause mortality was significantly positively associated with frailty status and frailty score across all sex, race, and ethnic groups. Conclusions: Frailty status differed significantly by race and ethnicity and was consistently associated with all-cause mortality. The FI may be a useful tool for aging studies in this multiethnic population.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Male ; Cohort Studies ; Educational Status ; Ethnicity ; Frailty ; Hispanic or Latino ; Black or African American ; Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander ; White
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1223643-3
ISSN	1758-535X ; 1079-5006
ISSN (online)	1758-535X
ISSN	1079-5006
DOI	10.1093/gerona/glac216
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Article: The Effect of Reduced Dietary Fat and Soy Supplementation on Circulating Adipocytokines in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled 2-Month Trial

Nadadur, Malini / Stanczyk, Frank Z / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Kim, Lila / Wu, Anna H

Nutrition and cancer. 2016 May 18, v. 68, no. 4

2016

Abstract: The reduced risk of breast cancer observed in Asia has been linked with diets rich in soy foods, and observational studies suggest that regular soy food intake is related to lower circulating levels of some inflammatory markers which have been implicated ...

Abstract	The reduced risk of breast cancer observed in Asia has been linked with diets rich in soy foods, and observational studies suggest that regular soy food intake is related to lower circulating levels of some inflammatory markers which have been implicated in breast cancer risk. However, short-term intervention studies with soy-based diets in small numbers of women have shown few significant changes in adipocytokine levels. This 8-wk dietary intervention study in 57 healthy postmenopausal women investigated whether soy food supplementation (50 mg isoflavones or 15 g soy protein in the form of tofu) or a very low-fat diet (11.3% of total energy), similar to the traditional Asian diet, is associated with beneficial effects on serum levels of the following adipocytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, adiponectin, and resistin. We found no statistically significant changes in the levels of these adipocytokines in association with the very low-fat diet or soy supplementation. Only the change in TNF-α levels between the very low-fat and control diet groups had borderline statistical significance. We conclude that ingestion of a very low-fat diet or a soy food supplemented diet for 8 wk does not significantly alter important circulating adipocytokines.
Keywords	adiponectin ; blood serum ; breast neoplasms ; dietary fat ; energy ; food intake ; foods ; ingestion ; interleukin-6 ; isoflavones ; low fat diet ; nutritional intervention ; observational studies ; postmenopause ; resistin ; risk ; risk reduction ; soy protein ; tofu ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; women ; Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0518
Size	p. 554-559.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2025822-7
ISSN	1532-7914 ; 0163-5581
ISSN (online)	1532-7914
ISSN	0163-5581
DOI	10.1080/01635581.2016.1158294
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Article ; Online: African Americans and Hispanics Remain at Lower Risk of Ovarian Cancer Than Non-Hispanic Whites after Considering Nongenetic Risk Factors and Oophorectomy Rates.

Wu, Anna H / Pearce, Celeste L / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Pike, Malcolm C

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2015 Volume 24, Issue 7, Page(s) 1094–1100

Abstract: Background: Risk factors for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (IEOC) among Hispanics and African Americans are understudied despite notable differences in incidence relative to non-Hispanic whites.: Methods: We used multivariate logistic regression ...

Abstract	Background: Risk factors for invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (IEOC) among Hispanics and African Americans are understudied despite notable differences in incidence relative to non-Hispanic whites. Methods: We used multivariate logistic regression to examine parity, oral contraceptive use, tubal ligation, endometriosis, family history of ovarian cancer, and talc use and risk of IEOC among Hispanics (308 cases and 380 controls), African Americans (128 cases and 143 controls), and non-Hispanic whites (1,265 cases and 1,868 controls) using four case-control studies we conducted in Los Angeles County. We expressed each of these factors in the form of increasing risk and calculated population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) estimates for the six risk factors separately and jointly in the three groups. Results: The risk associations with these six well-accepted factors were comparable in the three groups. The significant racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of these factors and differences in their oophorectomy rates explained 31% of the lower incidence in African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites, but only 13% of the lower incidence in Hispanics. The PAR%s ranged from 27.5% to 31.0% for no tubal ligation, 15.9% to 22.2% for not using oral contraceptives, and 12.2% to 15.1% for using talc in the three groups. Conclusions: All six risk factors are comparably important in the three groups. Differences in the prevalence of these factors and their oophorectomy rates explained approximately one third of the difference in incidence between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Impact: Devising strategies to lessen the burden of IEOC will be applicable to all three racial/ethnic groups.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; African Americans ; Aged ; California/epidemiology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Hispanic Americans ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms/ethnology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery ; Ovariectomy/trends ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Risk Factors ; SEER Program ; Survival Rate/trends ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-0023
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Article ; Online: The association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Bogumil, David / Wu, Anna H / Stram, Daniel / Yang, Juan / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Le Marchand, Loïc / Wu, Jun / Cheng, Iona / Setiawan, Veronica Wendy

Environmental research

2021 Volume 202, Page(s) 111608

Abstract: Background: Prior studies examining the association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer have been conducted in racially/ethnically homogeneous samples and have produced mixed results, with some studies supporting evidence of an ... ...

Abstract	Background: Prior studies examining the association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer have been conducted in racially/ethnically homogeneous samples and have produced mixed results, with some studies supporting evidence of an association with fine particulate matter. Methods: To further investigate these findings, we estimated exposure levels of particulate matter (PM Results: A total of 821 incident pancreatic cancer and 1,660,488 person-years accumulated over the study period, with an average follow-up time of over 16 years. PM Conclusions: Our findings support prior research identifying an association between fine particulate matter, PM
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Air Pollutants/toxicity ; Air Pollution/analysis ; Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Particulate Matter/toxicity
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2021.111608
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Article ; Online: Family history of cancer and gastroesophageal disorders and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas: a case-control study.

Jiang, Xuejuan / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Bernstein, Leslie / Wu, Anna H

BMC cancer

2014 Volume 14, Page(s) 60

Abstract: Background: There is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies.: Methods: A population-based case-control study of newly ... ...

Abstract	Background: There is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies. Methods: A population-based case-control study of newly diagnosed gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma was conducted in Los Angeles County. This analysis included data of case-patients whom we were able to interview directly (147 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 182 with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 285 with distal gastric adenocarcinoma) and 1,309 control participants. Multivariate polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the three cancer types. Results: Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma was positively associated with a family history of prostate cancer (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.50-5.36) and a family history of hiatal hernia (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.12-3.71). Risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with a family history of esophageal cancer (OR = 5.18; 95% CI = 1.23-21.79) and a family history of hiatal hernia (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.37-3.91). Risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma was positively associated with a family history of gastric cancer (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.18-3.91), particularly early-onset (before age 50) gastric cancer (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.11-7.15). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that family history of hiatal hernia is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and that cancer in specific sites is associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and distal gastric adenocarcinoma. It is important to determine the extent to which shared environmental and genetic factors explain these familial associations.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology ; Adenocarcinoma/genetics ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Environment ; Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heredity ; Hernia, Hiatal/epidemiology ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Los Angeles/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pedigree ; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; SEER Program ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/1471-2407-14-60
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Article ; Online: Traditional Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Filipina Americans Compared with Chinese and Japanese Americans in Los Angeles County.

Wu, Anna H / Vigen, Cheryl / Lee, Eunjung / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Butler, Lesley M

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2016 Volume 25, Issue 12, Page(s) 1572–1586

Abstract: Background: Filipina Americans have one of the highest breast cancer incidence rates among Asian Americans for poorly understood reasons.: Methods: Breast cancer risk factors were investigated in a population-based study of Filipina (790 cases, 587 ... ...

Abstract	Background: Filipina Americans have one of the highest breast cancer incidence rates among Asian Americans for poorly understood reasons. Methods: Breast cancer risk factors were investigated in a population-based study of Filipina (790 cases, 587 controls), Japanese (543 cases, 510 controls), and Chinese (913 cases, 904 controls) Americans. Cases were identified by the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program, and controls were matched to cases on age, ethnicity, and neighborhood. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was performed by Asian ethnicity. Results: In Filipina, Chinese, and Japanese Americans, breast cancer risk decreased significantly with increasing parity (all P Conclusions: Cumulative menstrual months and body size factors were statistically significant risk factors for Filipina. Total menstrual months were associated with breast cancer among Chinese but not for Japanese, while body size factors were significantly associated with risk among Japanese but not among Chinese. Impact: Characterization of breast cancer risk factors in Filipina will help to generate hypotheses for their high breast cancer incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1572-86. ©2016 AACR.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0203
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Reduced Dietary Fat and Soy Supplementation on Circulating Adipocytokines in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled 2-Month Trial.

Nadadur, Malini / Stanczyk, Frank Z / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Kim, Lila / Wu, Anna H

Nutrition and cancer

2016 Volume 68, Issue 4, Page(s) 554–559

Abstract	The reduced risk of breast cancer observed in Asia has been linked with diets rich in soy foods, and observational studies suggest that regular soy food intake is related to lower circulating levels of some inflammatory markers which have been implicated in breast cancer risk. However, short-term intervention studies with soy-based diets in small numbers of women have shown few significant changes in adipocytokine levels. This 8-wk dietary intervention study in 57 healthy postmenopausal women investigated whether soy food supplementation (50 mg isoflavones or 15 g soy protein in the form of tofu) or a very low-fat diet (11.3% of total energy), similar to the traditional Asian diet, is associated with beneficial effects on serum levels of the following adipocytokines: TNF-α, IL-6, adiponectin, and resistin. We found no statistically significant changes in the levels of these adipocytokines in association with the very low-fat diet or soy supplementation. Only the change in TNF-α levels between the very low-fat and control diet groups had borderline statistical significance. We conclude that ingestion of a very low-fat diet or a soy food supplemented diet for 8 wk does not significantly alter important circulating adipocytokines.
MeSH term(s)	Adipokines/blood ; Adiponectin/blood ; Aged ; Body Weight ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Dietary Fats ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Isoflavones/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Postmenopause ; Resistin/blood ; Soybean Proteins/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
Chemical Substances	ADIPOQ protein, human ; Adipokines ; Adiponectin ; Dietary Fats ; IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-6 ; Isoflavones ; RETN protein, human ; Resistin ; Soybean Proteins ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	424433-3
ISSN	1532-7914 ; 0163-5581
ISSN (online)	1532-7914
ISSN	0163-5581
DOI	10.1080/01635581.2016.1158294
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Article ; Online: Association between Airport-Related Ultrafine Particles and Risk of Malignant Brain Cancer: A Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Wu, Anna H / Fruin, Scott / Larson, Timothy V / Tseng, Chiu-Chen / Wu, Jun / Yang, Juan / Jain, Jennifer / Shariff-Marco, Salma / Inamdar, Pushkar P / Setiawan, Veronica W / Porcel, Jacqueline / Stram, Daniel O / Le Marchand, Loic / Ritz, Beate / Cheng, Iona

Cancer research

2021 Volume 81, Issue 16, Page(s) 4360–4369

Abstract: Ultrafine particles (UFP; diameter less than or equal to 100 nm) may reach the brain via systemic circulation or the olfactory tract and have been implicated in the risk of brain tumors. The effects of airport-related UFP on the risk of brain tumors are ... ...

Abstract	Ultrafine particles (UFP; diameter less than or equal to 100 nm) may reach the brain via systemic circulation or the olfactory tract and have been implicated in the risk of brain tumors. The effects of airport-related UFP on the risk of brain tumors are not known. Here we determined the association between airport-related UFP and risk of incident malignant brain cancer (
MeSH term(s)	African Americans ; Aged ; Airports ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Neoplasms/ethnology ; Brain Neoplasms/etiology ; Brain Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; Computer Systems ; Environmental Exposure ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Humans ; Los Angeles ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms/ethnology ; Meningeal Neoplasms/etiology ; Meningeal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Meningioma/ethnology ; Meningioma/etiology ; Meningioma/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Particulate Matter ; Prospective Studies ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; United States
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1432-1
ISSN	1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
ISSN (online)	1538-7445
ISSN	0008-5472
DOI	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-1138
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