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  1. Article: Basin-scale and seasonal evaluation of automated threshold methods for surface water detection

    Storie, Joni / Storie, C. D. / Henry, C.J. / Sokolov, M. / Murray, B. / Cameron, J. / Tsenov, R-M

    Remote sensing letters. 2021 July 03, v. 12, no. 7

    2021  

    Abstract: Estimating surface water using satellite data can improve estimates and predictions for hydroelectric energy generation. The goal of this research is to identify the best threshold method and image band combination to detect seasonal surface water at the ...

    Abstract Estimating surface water using satellite data can improve estimates and predictions for hydroelectric energy generation. The goal of this research is to identify the best threshold method and image band combination to detect seasonal surface water at the basin scale. This paper explores Otsu, Minimum Entropy, and average of Otsu-Minimum Entropy threshold algorithms using Sentinel-2 narrow near-infrared band 8A (N-NIR), shortwave infrared bands 11 and 12 (SWIR-11 or SWIR-12) images for the Assiniboine River Basin (ARB). The highest precision (0.87) of surface water detection was obtained in autumn using Minimum Entropy (N-NIR & SWIR-11) threshold values for the ARB, however, the Minimum Entropy also had poor detection of surface water (low recall). Use of the naïve Bayesian classifier did not improve detection of surface water compared to using threshold values alone, and the use of threshold values generated for one basin was not transferable to another basin. We concluded that threshold methods should be assessed seasonally, at a per-tile scale before combining surface water products at a watershed scale, and products should be evaluated using non-balanced statistical measures for watersheds with high land-to-water ratios. Accuracy assessment is hampered by validation data which represents static hydrologic conditions, not contemporary, seasonal conditions.
    Keywords Bayesian theory ; automation ; autumn ; basins ; entropy ; hydroelectric power ; remote sensing ; surface water ; watersheds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0703
    Size p. 645-653.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2150-7058
    DOI 10.1080/2150704X.2021.1918788
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Book ; Online: Exploration of Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Large Region Map Automation

    Tsenov, R. M. / Henry, C. J. / Storie, J. L. / Storie, C. D. / Murray, B. / Sokolov, M.

    2022  

    Abstract: Deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms have provided improved frameworks for the automated production of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) maps, which significantly increases the frequency of map generation as well as consistency of production ... ...

    Abstract Deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms have provided improved frameworks for the automated production of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) maps, which significantly increases the frequency of map generation as well as consistency of production quality. In this research, a total of 28 different model variations were examined to improve the accuracy of LULC maps. The experiments were carried out using Landsat 5/7 or Landsat 8 satellite images with the North American Land Change Monitoring System labels. The performance of various CNNs and extension combinations were assessed, where VGGNet with an output stride of 4, and modified U-Net architecture provided the best results. Additional expanded analysis of the generated LULC maps was also provided. Using a deep neural network, this work achieved 92.4% accuracy for 13 LULC classes within southern Manitoba representing a 15.8% improvement over published results for the NALCMS. Based on the large regions of interest, higher radiometric resolution of Landsat 8 data resulted in better overall accuracies (88.04%) compare to Landsat 5/7 (80.66%) for 16 LULC classes. This represents an 11.44% and 4.06% increase in overall accuracy compared to previously published NALCMS results, including larger land area and higher number of LULC classes incorporated into the models compared to other published LULC map automation methods.
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2022-11-07
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Book ; Online: A large acceptance scintillator detector with wavelength shifting fibre read-out for search of eta-nucleus bound states

    Kilian, K. / Kliczewski, S. / Kirillov, Da. / Kirillov, Di. / Kolev, D. / Kravcikova, M. / Kutsarova, T. / Lesiak, M. / Lieb, J. / Machner, H. / Magiera, A. / Maier, R. / Martinska, G. / Nedev, S. / Piskunov, N. / Prasuhn, D. / Prottic, D. / Ritman, J. / von Rossen, P. /
    Roy, B. J. / Shukla, P. / Sitnik, I. / Siudak, R. / Tsenov, R. / Ulicny, M. / Urban, J. / Vankova, G.

    2007  

    Abstract: A large acceptance scintillator detector with wavelength shifting optical fibre readout has been designed and built to detect the decay particles of $\eta$-nucleus bound system (the so-called $\eta$-mesic nuclei), namely, protons and pions. The detector, ...

    Abstract A large acceptance scintillator detector with wavelength shifting optical fibre readout has been designed and built to detect the decay particles of $\eta$-nucleus bound system (the so-called $\eta$-mesic nuclei), namely, protons and pions. The detector, named as ENSTAR detector, consists of 122 pieces of plastic scintillator of various shapes and sizes, which are arranged in a cylindrical geometry to provide particle identification, energy loss and coarse position information for these particles. A solid angle coverage of $\sim$95% of total 4$\pi$ is obtained in the present design of the detector. Monte Carlo phase space calculations performed to simulate the formation and decay of $\eta$-mesic nuclei suggest that its decay particles, the protons and pions are emitted with an opening angle of 150$^\circ \pm 20^\circ$, and with energies in the range of 25 to 300 MeV and 225 to 450 MeV respectively. The detailed GEANT simulations show that $\sim$ 80 % of the decay particles (protons and pions) can be detected within ENSTAR. Several test measurements using alpha source, cosmic-ray muons etc. have been carried out to study the response of ENSTAR scintillator pieces. The in-beam tests of fully assembled detector with proton beam of momentum 870 MeV/c from the Cooler synchrotron COSY have been performed. The test results show that the scintillator fiber design chosen for the detector has performed satisfactorily well. The present article describes the detector design, simulation studies, construction details and test results.

    Comment: accepted by Nucl. Instr. Methods in Phys. Research A
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Nuclear Experiment
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2007-05-16
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Book ; Online: Multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations in inelastic proton-proton interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

    Collaboration, NA61/SHINE / : / Aduszkiewicz, A. / Ali, Y. / Andronov, E. / Anticic, T. / Antoniou, N. / Baatar, B. / Bay, F. / Blondel, A. / Blumer, J. / Bogomilov, M. / Bravar, A. / Brzychczyk, J. / Bunyatov, S. A. / Busygina, O. / Christakoglou, P. / Cirkovic, M. / Czopowicz, T. /
    Davis, N. / Debieux, S. / Dembinski, H. / Deveaux, M. / Diakonos, F. / Di Luise, S. / Dominik, W. / Dumarchez, J. / Dynowski, K. / Engel, R. / Ereditato, A. / Feofilov, G. A. / Fodor, Z. / Garibov, A. / Gazdzicki, M. / Golubeva, M. / Grebieszkow, K. / Grzeszczuk, A. / Guber, F. / Haesler, A. / Hasegawa, T. / Herve, A. / Hierholzer, M. / Igolkin, S. / Ivashkin, A. / Kadija, K. / Kapoyannis, A. / Kaptur, E. / Kisiel, J. / Kobayashi, T. / Kolesnikov, V. I. / Kolev, D. / Kondratiev, V. P. / Korzenev, A. / Kowalik, K. / Kowalski, S. / Koziel, M. / Krasnoperov, A. / Kuich, M. / Kurepin, A. / Larsen, D. / Laszlo, A. / Lewicki, M. / Lyubushkin, V. V. / Mackowiak-Pawlowska, M. / Maksiak, B. / Malakhov, A. I. / Manic, D. / Marcinek, A. / Marton, K. / Mathes, H. -J. / Matulewicz, T. / Matveev, V. / Melkumov, G. L. / Morozov, S. / Mrowczynski, S. / Nakadaira, T. / Naskret, M. / Nirkko, M. / Nishikawa, K. / Panagiotou, A. D. / Pavin, M. / Petukhov, O. / Pistillo, C. / Planeta, R. / Popov, B. A. / Posiadala, M. / Pulawski, S. / Puzovic, J. / Rauch, W. / Ravonel, M. / Redij, A. / Renfordt, R. / Richter-Was, E. / Robert, A. / Rohrich, D. / Rondio, E. / Roth, M. / Rubbia, A. / Rustamov, A. / Rybczynski, M. / Sadovsky, A. / Sakashita, K. / Sarnecki, R. / Schmidt, K. / Sekiguchi, T. / Seryakov, A. / Seyboth, P. / Sgalaberna, D. / Shibata, M. / Slodkowski, M. / Staszel, P. / Stefanek, G. / Stepaniak, J. / Strobele, H. / Susa, T. / Szuba, M. / Tada, M. / Tefelska, A. / Tefelski, D. / Tereshchenko, V. / Tsenov, R. / Turko, L. / Ulrich, R. / Unger, M. / Vassiliou, M. / Veberic, D. / Vechernin, V. V. / Vesztergombi, G. / Vinogradov, L. / Wilczek, A. / Wlodarczyk, Z. / Wojtaszek-Szwarc, A. / Wyszynski, O. / Zambelli, L.

    2015  

    Abstract: Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for ... ...

    Abstract Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations \$\Delta[P_{T},N]\$, \$\Sigma[P_{T},N]\$ and \$\Phi_{p_T}\$ are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations for the independent particle production. They also depend on charges of selected hadrons. The string-resonance Monte Carlo models EPOS and UrQMD do not describe the data. The scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is significantly higher in inelastic p+p interactions than in central Pb+Pb collisions measured by NA49 at the same energy per nucleon. This is in qualitative disagreement with the predictions of the Wounded Nucleon Model. Within the statistical framework the enhanced multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions can be interpreted as due to event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball energy and/or volume.

    Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures
    Keywords High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Nuclear Experiment
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2015-10-01
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Book ; Online: LBNO-DEMO

    Agostino, L. / Andrieu, B. / Asfandiyarov, R. / Autiero, D. / Bésida, O. / Bay, F. / Bayes, R. / Blebea-Apostu, A. M. / Blondel, A. / Bogomilov, M. / Bolognesi, S. / Bordoni, S. / Bravar, A. / Buizza-Avanzini, M. / Cadoux, F. / Caiulo, D. / Calin, M. / Campanelli, M. / Cantini, C. /
    Chaussard, L. / Chesneanu, D. / Colino, N. / Crivelli, P. / De Bonis, I. / Déclais, Y. / Dawson, J. / De La Taille, C. / Sanchez, P. Del Amo / Delbart, A. / Di Luise, S. / Duchesneau, D. / Dulucq, F. / Dumarchez, J. / Efthymiopoulos, I. / Emery, S. / Enqvist, T. / Epprecht, L. / Esanu, T. / Franco, D. / Friend, M. / Galymov, V. / Gendotti, A. / Giganti, C. / Gil-Botella, I. / Gomoiu, M. C / Gorodetzky, P. / Haesler, A. / Hasegawa, T. / Horikawa, S. / Ieva, M. / Jipa, A. / Karadzhov, Y. / Karpikov, I. / Khotjantsev, A. / Korzenev, A. / Kryn, D. / Kudenko, Y. / Kuusiniemi, P. / Lazanu, I. / Levy, J. -M. / Loo, K. / Lux, T. / Maalampi, J. / Margineanu, R. M. / Marteau, J. / Martin, C. / Martin-Chassard, G. / Mazzucato, E. / Mefodiev, A. / Mineev, O. / Mitrica, B. / Murphy, S. / Nakadaira, T. / Nessi, M. / Nikolics, K. / Nita, L. / Noah, E. / Novella, P. / Nuijten, G. A. / Ovsiannikova, T. / Palomares, C. / Patzak, T. / Pennacchio, E. / Periale, L. / Pessard, H. / Popov, B. / Ravonel, M. / Rayner, M. / Regenfus, C. / Ristea, C. / Ristea, O. / Robert, A. / Rubbia, A. / Sakashita, K. / Sanchez, F. / Santorelli, R. / Scantamburlo, E. / Sergiampietri, F. / Sgalaberna, D. / Slupecki, M. / Soler, F. J. P. / Stanca, D. L. / Tonazzo, A. / Trzaska, W. H. / Tsenov, R. / Vankova-Kirilova, G. / Vannucci, F. / Vasseur, G. / Verdugo, A. / Viant, T. / Wu, S. / Yershov, N. / Zambelli, L. / Zito, M.

    Large-scale neutrino detector demonstrators for phased performance assessment in view of a long-baseline oscillation experiment

    2014  

    Abstract: In June 2012, an Expression of Interest for a long-baseline experiment (LBNO) has been submitted to the CERN SPSC. LBNO considers three types of neutrino detector technologies: a double-phase liquid argon (LAr) TPC and a magnetised iron detector as far ... ...

    Abstract In June 2012, an Expression of Interest for a long-baseline experiment (LBNO) has been submitted to the CERN SPSC. LBNO considers three types of neutrino detector technologies: a double-phase liquid argon (LAr) TPC and a magnetised iron detector as far detectors. For the near detector, a high-pressure gas TPC embedded in a calorimeter and a magnet is the baseline design. A mandatory milestone is a concrete prototyping effort towards the envisioned large-scale detectors, and an accompanying campaign of measurements aimed at assessing the detector associated systematic errors. The proposed $6\times 6\times 6$m$^3$ DLAr is an industrial prototype of the design discussed in the EoI and scalable to 20 kton or 50~kton. It is to be constructed and operated in a controlled laboratory and surface environment with test beam access, such as the CERN North Area (NA). Its successful operation and full characterisation will be a fundamental milestone, likely opening the path to an underground deployment of larger detectors. The response of the DLAr demonstrator will be measured and understood with an unprecedented precision in a charged particle test beam (0.5-20 GeV/c). The exposure will certify the assumptions and calibrate the response of the detector, and allow to develop and to benchmark sophisticated reconstruction algorithms, such as those of 3-dimensional tracking, particle ID and energy flow in liquid argon. All these steps are fundamental for validating the correctness of the physics performance described in the LBNO EoI.

    Comment: 217 pages, 164 figures, LBNO-DEMO (CERN WA105) Collaboration
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2014-09-14
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: The mass-hierarchy and CP-violation discovery reach of the LBNO long-baseline neutrino experiment

    Collaboration, LAGUNA-LBNO / : / Agarwalla, S. K. / Agostino, L. / Aittola, M. / Alekou, A. / Andrieu, B. / Angus, D. / Antoniou, F. / Ariga, A. / Ariga, T. / Asfandiyarov, R. / Autiero, D. / Ballett, P. / Bandac, I. / Banerjee, D. / Barker, G. J. / Barr, G. / Bartmann, W. /
    Bay, F. / Berardi, V. / Bertram, I. / Bésida, O. / Blebea-Apostu, A. M. / Blondel, A. / Bogomilov, M. / Borriello, E. / Boyd, S. / Brancus, I. / Bravar, A. / Buizza-Avanzini, M. / Cafagna, F. / Calin, M. / Calviani, M. / Campanelli, M. / Cantini, C. / Caretta, O. / Cata-Danil, G. / Catanesi, M. G. / Cervera, A. / Chakraborty, S. / Chaussard, L. / Chesneanu, D. / Chipesiu, F. / Christodoulou, G. / Coleman, J. / Crivelli, P. / Davenne, T. / Dawson, J. / De Bonis, I. / De Jong, J. / Déclais, Y. / Sanchez, P. Del Amo / Delbart, A. / Densham, C. / Di Lodovico, F. / Di Luise, S. / Duchesneau, D. / Dumarchez, J. / Efthymiopoulos, I. / Eliseev, A. / Emery, S. / Enqvist, K. / Enqvist, T. / Epprecht, L. / Ereditato, A. / Erykalov, A. N. / Esanu, T. / Finch, A. J. / Fitton, M. D. / Franco, D. / Galymov, V. / Gavrilov, G. / Gendotti, A. / Giganti, C. / Goddard, B. / Gomez, J. J. / Gomoiu, C. M. / Gornushkin, Y. A. / Gorodetzky, P. / Grant, N. / Haesler, A. / Haigh, M. D. / Hasegawa, T. / Haug, S. / Hierholzer, M. / Hissa, J. / Horikawa, S. / Huitu, K. / Ilic, J. / Ioannisian, A. N. / Izmaylov, A. / Jipa, A. / Kainulainen, K. / Kalliokoski, T. / Karadzhov, Y. / Kawada, J. / Khabibullin, M. / Khotjantsev, A. / Kokko, E. / Kopylov, A. N. / Kormos, L. L. / Korzenev, A. / Kosyanenko, S. / Kreslo, I. / Kryn, D. / Kudenko, Y. / Kudryavtsev, V. A. / Kumpulainen, J. / Kuusiniemi, P. / Lagoda, J. / Lazanu, I. / Levy, J. -M. / Litchfield, R. P. / Loo, K. / Loveridge, P. / Maalampi, J. / Magaletti, L. / Margineanu, R. M. / Marteau, J. / Martin-Mari, C. / Matveev, V. / Mavrokoridis, K. / Mazzucato, E. / McCauley, N. / Mercadante, A. / Mineev, O. / Mirizzi, A. / Mitrica, B. / Morgan, B. / Murdoch, M. / Murphy, S. / Mursula, K. / Narita, S. / Nesterenko, D. A. / Nguyen, K. / Nikolics, K. / Noah, E. / Novikov, Yu. / O'Keeffe, H. / Odell, J. / Oprima, A. / Palladino, V. / Papaphilippou, Y. / Pascoli, S. / Patzak, T. / Payne, D. / Pectu, M. / Pennacchio, E. / Periale, L. / Pessard, H. / Pistillo, C. / Popov, B. / Przewlocki, P. / Quinto, M. / Radicioni, E. / Ramachers, Y. / Ratoff, P. N. / Ravonel, M. / Rayner, M. / Resnati, F. / Ristea, O. / Robert, A. / Rondio, E. / Rubbia, A. / Rummukainen, K. / Sacco, R. / Saftoiu, A. / Sakashita, K. / Sarkamo, J. / Sato, F. / Saviano, N. / Scantamburlo, E. / Sergiampietri, F. / Sgalaberna, D. / Shaposhnikova, E. / Slupecki, M. / Sorel, M. / Spooner, N. J. C. / Stahl, A. / Stanca, D. / Steerenberg, R. / Sterian, A. R. / Sterian, P. / Still, B. / Stoica, S. / Strauss, T. / Suhonen, J. / Suvorov, V. / Szeptycka, M. / Terri, R. / Thompson, L. F. / Toma, G. / Tonazzo, A. / Touramanis, C. / Trzaska, W. H. / Tsenov, R. / Tuominen, K. / Vacheret, A. / Valram, M. / Vankova-Kirilova, G. / Vanucci, F. / Vasseur, G. / Velotti, F. / Velten, P. / Viant, T. / Vincke, H. / Virtanen, A. / Vorobyev, A. / Wark, D. / Weber, A. / Weber, M. / Wiebusch, C. / Wilson, J. R. / Wu, S. / Yershov, N. / Zalipska, J. / Zito, M.

    2013  

    Abstract: The next generation neutrino observatory proposed by the LBNO collaboration will address fundamental questions in particle and astroparticle physics. The experiment consists of a far detector, in its first stage a 20 kt LAr double phase TPC and a ... ...

    Abstract The next generation neutrino observatory proposed by the LBNO collaboration will address fundamental questions in particle and astroparticle physics. The experiment consists of a far detector, in its first stage a 20 kt LAr double phase TPC and a magnetised iron calorimeter, situated at 2300 km from CERN and a near detector based on a high-pressure argon gas TPC. The long baseline provides a unique opportunity to study neutrino flavour oscillations over their 1st and 2nd oscillation maxima exploring the $L/E$ behaviour, and distinguishing effects arising from $\delta_{CP}$ and matter. In this paper we have reevaluated the physics potential of this setup for determining the mass hierarchy (MH) and discovering CP-violation (CPV), using a conventional neutrino beam from the CERN SPS with a power of 750 kW. We use conservative assumptions on the knowledge of oscillation parameter priors and systematic uncertainties. The impact of each systematic error and the precision of oscillation prior is shown. We demonstrate that the first stage of LBNO can determine unambiguously the MH to $>5\sigma$C.L. over the whole phase space. We show that the statistical treatment of the experiment is of very high importance, resulting in the conclusion that LBNO has $\sim$ 100% probability to determine the MH in at most 4-5 years of running. Since the knowledge of MH is indispensable to extract $\delta_{CP}$ from the data, the first LBNO phase can convincingly give evidence for CPV on the $3\sigma$C.L. using today's knowledge on oscillation parameters and realistic assumptions on the systematic uncertainties.

    Comment: 35 pages, 22 figures, added authors
    Keywords High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2013-12-23
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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