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Article ; Online: Diversity in the Nutritional Values of Some Moringa oleifera Lam. Cultivars

Ndhlala, Ashwell R. / Tshabalala, Thulani

Diversity. 2023 July 03, v. 15, no. 7

2023

Abstract: This study aimed to assess the variations in the nutritional attributes of thirteen Moringa oleifera cultivars. Leaves from six-month-old plants were harvested and tested for various nutritional attributes. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to assess the variations in the nutritional attributes of thirteen Moringa oleifera cultivars. Leaves from six-month-old plants were harvested and tested for various nutritional attributes. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in the carbohydrates, energy, some of the sugars, and fibre amongst the cultivars. The levels of moisture in the cultivars ranged from 7.10% to 8.20%. Additionally, there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences across the cultivars in microelements studied except for zinc (Zn). These data revealed that plants from different geographical provenances differed in their adapting to varied environments. In general, under the same cultivation, management, and environmental conditions, the main reasons for these differences occurring in cultivars could be associated with the genetic background of each M. oleifera germplasm. However, the study cautions on the differences in nutritional properties, as some of the cultivars have been reported not to be pharmacologically potent.
Keywords	Moringa oleifera ; cultivars ; energy ; genetic background ; germplasm ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0703
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2518137-3
ISSN	1424-2818
ISSN	1424-2818
DOI	10.3390/d15070834
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Selection of Vegetation Greenness by Nyala Antelopes on a Resource Productivity Gradient

Marshal, Jason P. / Tshabalala, Thulani / Parrini, Francesca

African journal of wildlife research. 2021 Dec. 16, v. 51, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Geographic gradients in plant productivity can present foraging large herbivores with varying resource levels across the range of a population, to which individuals can demonstrate varying intensity of selection. To investigate individually-specific ... ...

Abstract	Geographic gradients in plant productivity can present foraging large herbivores with varying resource levels across the range of a population, to which individuals can demonstrate varying intensity of selection. To investigate individually-specific responses of nyala antelopes (Tragelaphus angasii) to vegetation greenness, we monitored the landscape use of eight telemetry-collared adult females, half at the wetter end and half at the drier end of Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, South Africa. We used remotely-sensed greenness as an index for plant productivity and data on canopy structure, and we compared the strength of selection for greenness between animals having different greenness averages within their home ranges. We found a decreasing pattern between home-range average greenness and strength of selection, which depended on season and presence of tree canopies. Animals in low-greenness home ranges tended to have stronger positive selection in closed-canopy vegetation in the dry season; those in high-greenness home ranges tended to have the stronger negative selection in open-canopy vegetation in the wet season. Our study emphasizes the possibility that a spatial resource gradient on a landscape might provide a valuable model of temporal change in a resource and an indication of potential for foraging animals to adapt to those changes.
Keywords	Tragelaphus ; adults ; canopy ; dry season ; home range ; landscapes ; models ; remote sensing ; research ; temporal variation ; trees ; vegetation ; wet season ; wildlife ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1216
Publishing place	South African Wildlife Management Association
Document type	Article
ISSN	2410-7220
DOI	10.3957/056.051.0193
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: MDM-TASK-web: MD-TASK and MODE-TASK web server for analyzing protein dynamics.

Sheik Amamuddy, Olivier / Glenister, Michael / Tshabalala, Thulani / Tastan Bishop, Özlem

Computational and structural biotechnology journal

2021 Volume 19, Page(s) 5059–5071

Abstract: The web server, MDM-TASK-web, combines the MD-TASK and MODE-TASK software suites, which are aimed at the coarse-grained analysis of static and all-atom MD-simulated proteins, using a variety of non-conventional approaches, such as dynamic residue network ...

Abstract	The web server, MDM-TASK-web, combines the MD-TASK and MODE-TASK software suites, which are aimed at the coarse-grained analysis of static and all-atom MD-simulated proteins, using a variety of non-conventional approaches, such as dynamic residue network analysis, perturbation-response scanning, dynamic cross-correlation, essential dynamics and normal mode analysis. Altogether, these tools allow for the exploration of protein dynamics at various levels of detail, spanning single residue perturbations and weighted contact network representations, to global residue centrality measurements and the investigation of global protein motion. Typically, following molecular dynamic simulations designed to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic protein perturbations (for instance induced by allosteric and orthosteric ligands, protein binding, temperature, pH and mutations), this selection of tools can be used to further describe protein dynamics. This may lead to the discovery of key residues involved in biological processes, such as drug resistance. The server simplifies the set-up required for running these tools and visualizing their results. Several scripts from the tool suites were updated and new ones were also added and integrated with 2D/3D visualization via the web interface. An embedded work-flow, integrated documentation and visualization tools shorten the number of steps to follow, starting from calculations to result visualization. The Django-powered web server (available at https://mdmtaskweb.rubi.ru.ac.za/) is compatible with all major web browsers. All scripts implemented in the web platform are freely available at https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/MD-TASK/tree/mdm-task-web and https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/MODE-TASK/tree/mdm-task-web.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2694435-2
ISSN	2001-0370
ISSN	2001-0370
DOI	10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.043
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: MDM-TASK-web: MD-TASK and MODE-TASK web server for analyzing protein dynamics

Sheik Amamuddy, Olivier / Glenister, Michael / Tshabalala, Thulani / Tastan Bishop, Özlem

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal. 2021, v. 19

2021

Abstract	The web server, MDM-TASK-web, combines the MD-TASK and MODE-TASK software suites, which are aimed at the coarse-grained analysis of static and all-atom MD-simulated proteins, using a variety of non-conventional approaches, such as dynamic residue network analysis, perturbation-response scanning, dynamic cross-correlation, essential dynamics and normal mode analysis. Altogether, these tools allow for the exploration of protein dynamics at various levels of detail, spanning single residue perturbations and weighted contact network representations, to global residue centrality measurements and the investigation of global protein motion. Typically, following molecular dynamic simulations designed to investigate intrinsic and extrinsic protein perturbations (for instance induced by allosteric and orthosteric ligands, protein binding, temperature, pH and mutations), this selection of tools can be used to further describe protein dynamics. This may lead to the discovery of key residues involved in biological processes, such as drug resistance. The server simplifies the set-up required for running these tools and visualizing their results. Several scripts from the tool suites were updated and new ones were also added and integrated with 2D/3D visualization via the web interface. An embedded work-flow, integrated documentation and visualization tools shorten the number of steps to follow, starting from calculations to result visualization. The Django-powered web server (available at https://mdmtaskweb.rubi.ru.ac.za/) is compatible with all major web browsers. All scripts implemented in the web platform are freely available at https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/MD-TASK/tree/mdm-task-web and https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/MODE-TASK/tree/mdm-task-web.
Keywords	Internet ; biotechnology ; computer software ; drug resistance ; ligands ; pH ; temperature ; user interface
Language	English
Size	p. 5059-5071.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2694435-2
ISSN	2001-0370
ISSN	2001-0370
DOI	10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.043
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Factors predicting habitat use by leopards in human-altered landscapes

McManus, Jeannine / Marshal, Jason P. / Keith, Mark / Tshabalala, Thulani / Smuts, Bool / Treves, Adrian

Journal of mammalogy. 2022 Jan. 6, v. 102, no. 6

2022

Abstract: Transformed landscapes caused by human activity leave remnant patches of natural habitat for wildlife. The persistence of species in the face of such transformation depends on individuals' ability to adapt to novel habitat, and to secure resources and ... ...

Abstract	Transformed landscapes caused by human activity leave remnant patches of natural habitat for wildlife. The persistence of species in the face of such transformation depends on individuals' ability to adapt to novel habitat, and to secure resources and reproductive opportunities despite habitat alterations. The leopard, Panthera pardus, is the last free-roaming top carnivore in South Africa whose high trophic status and wide-ranging movements make them an effective focal species in conservation planning. Using location data from leopards, we investigated key correlates of habitat selection in human-altered landscapes at two spatial scales. We compared sex-related differences and predicted how conspecific home range locations influenced habitat selection. Leopards avoided human-altered landscapes more strongly at the large spatial scale, where both sexes selected core areas near formally protected areas. Conspecific home range locations had a strong positive effect at both spatial scales for males, while for females, conspecifics explained fine-scale habitat selection by selecting areas near neighboring females. Spatial scale, sex-related differences, and conspecific location play roles in habitat selection for solitary felids and have implications for conservation planning and management. Excluding these factors may result in inappropriate species management policies.
Keywords	Panthera pardus ; carnivores ; conspecificity ; habitats ; home range ; humans ; mammalogy ; wildlife ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0106
Size	p. 1473-1483.
Publishing place	American Society of Mammalogists
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	218314-6
ISSN	0022-2372
ISSN	0022-2372
DOI	10.1093/jmammal/gyab110
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Adaptive management in restoration initiatives: Lessons learned from some of South Africa's projects

Moyo, Hloniphani / Slotow, Rob / Rouget, Mathieu / Mugwedi, Lutendo / Douwes, Errol / Tsvuura, Zivanayi / Tshabalala, Thulani

SAAB South African journal of botany. 2021 July, v. 139

2021

Abstract: Land use change, coupled with rapid human population growth, has increased ecosystem degradation, giving rise to ecosystem restoration initiatives worldwide. We conducted an assessment and reflection using a feedback framework for strategic adaptive ... ...

Abstract	Land use change, coupled with rapid human population growth, has increased ecosystem degradation, giving rise to ecosystem restoration initiatives worldwide. We conducted an assessment and reflection using a feedback framework for strategic adaptive management in three woodland restoration initiatives in South Africa. This is because assessment and reflection are critical components for successful strategic adaptive management. We found that the three restoration initiatives have had a limited emphasis on sustainable livelihood-driven outcomes, because the initiatives mainly aimed to restore biodiversity, ecosystem infrastructure and ecosystem services. Consequently, we propose a modified livelihood framework that suggests a more inclusive approach towards achieving positive human outcome-driven restoration of degraded woodlands. Based on the framework, we emphasise that restoration initiatives should seek to invest in ecosystem restoration in the context of sustainable development goals, to enhance people's livelihoods, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Harmonizing the competing needs for resource allocation, sustainable interventions and livelihoods sustenance will be important, given the limited extent of alternative locally based livelihood options in the rural disadvantaged areas. This is because most of the rural population is largely dependent on woodland ecosystem services for their livelihoods. We then suggest that to ensure that human-driven outcomes are also equally prioritised; the assessment, reflection and feedback framework and the livelihoods framework should form part of restoration initiatives.
Keywords	adaptive management ; biodiversity ; botany ; climate change ; ecological restoration ; ecosystems ; humans ; infrastructure ; land use change ; livelihood ; people ; population growth ; resource allocation ; rural population ; sustainable development ; woodlands ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Size	p. 352-361.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2126918-X
ISSN	0254-6299
ISSN	0254-6299
DOI	10.1016/j.sajb.2021.03.016
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Predicting medicinal phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera using hyperspectral reflectance of tree canopies

Tshabalala, Thulani / Abdel-Rahman, Elfatih M / Masemola, Cecilia / Ncube, Bhekumthetho / Ndhlala, Ashwell R / Mutanga, Onisimo

International journal of remote sensing. 2021 May 19, v. 42, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Remote sensing has the potential to complement and perhaps replace some wet analytical chemistry measurements of some plant traits, a mechanism that can facilitate quick and non-destructive estimation. The present study reports on the use of ... ...

Abstract	Remote sensing has the potential to complement and perhaps replace some wet analytical chemistry measurements of some plant traits, a mechanism that can facilitate quick and non-destructive estimation. The present study reports on the use of hyperspectral data in estimating total phenolic and flavonoid concentration in Moringa oleifera, a plant with great nutraceutical properties. A completely randomized design (CBD) was used in the planting of four M. oleifera cultivars in a greenhouse setup. A hand-held spectroradiometer was used to collect canopy reflectance on two-month-old plants. This was followed by the analytical quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in the leaf extracts. Various pre-processing techniques were carried out on the reflectance spectra such as Savitzky-Golay filter and continuum removal (convex and segmented upper hull). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and random forest (RF) regression algorithms were then conducted to analyse the data. The ANOVA indicated that the spectral features of the cultivars differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) from each other in some sections of the visible, near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). The band depth values created from the segmented hull were used in the selection of phytochemicals absorption features. The results indicated that phytochemical concentration can be accurately estimated for individual cultivars as shown by validation models having values of between 0.58 and 0.79 and relative root mean square error (RMSEᵣₑₗ) of between 5% and 17%. However, when data were aggregated across cultivars, the RMSEᵣₑₗ ranged from 16% to 21%. The most important wavebands for predicting the concentration of these phytochemicals were found in the visible and SWIR regions of the EMS. Overall, accurately estimating the concentration of the phytochemicals demonstrates an insight in the potential of hyperspectral data to be extrapolated to landscape scale using hyperspectral reflectance sensing technique.
Keywords	Moringa oleifera ; absorption ; analysis of variance ; analytical chemistry ; cultivars ; dietary supplements ; flavonoids ; greenhouses ; leaf reflectance ; leaves ; reflectance ; spectroradiometers ; trees
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0519
Size	p. 3955-3980.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1497529-4
ISSN	1366-5901 ; 0143-1161
ISSN (online)	1366-5901
ISSN	0143-1161
DOI	10.1080/01431161.2021.1887541
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Potential Therapeutic Value of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders.

Nyakudya, Trevor T / Tshabalala, Thulani / Dangarembizi, Rachael / Erlwanger, Kennedy H / Ndhlala, Ashwell R

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 25, Issue 11

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent, multifactorial and complex disease that is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and other major cardiovascular complications. The rise in the global prevalence of MetS has been attributed to genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are characterized by low physical activity and the consumption of high-energy diets contributes to MetS development. Current management criteria for MetS risk factors involve changes in lifestyle and the use of pharmacological agents that target specific biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of nutrients. Pharmaceutical drugs are usually expensive and are associated with several undesirable side effects. Alternative management strategies of MetS risk factors involve the use of medicinal plants that are considered to have multiple therapeutic targets and are easily accessible. Medicinal plants contain several different biologically active compounds that provide health benefits. The impact of phytochemicals present in local medicinal plants on sustainable health and well-being of individuals has been studied for many years and found to involve a plethora of complex biochemical, metabolic, and physiological mechanisms. While some of these phytochemicals are the basis of mainstream prescribed drugs (e.g., metformin, reserpine, quinine, and salicin), there is a need to identify more medicinal plants that can be used for the management of components of MetS and to describe their possible mechanisms of action. In this review, we assess the potential health benefits of South African ethnomedicinal plants in protecting against the development of health outcomes associated with MetS. We aim to provide the state of the current knowledge on the use of medicinal plants and their therapeutically important phytochemicals by discussing the current trends, with critical examples from recent primary references of how medicinal plants are being used in South African rural and urban communities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/drug therapy ; Phytochemicals/therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Phytochemicals
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules25112669
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Scribbling the Cat: A Case of the “Miracle” Plant, <i>Moringa oleifera</i>

Tshabalala, Thulani / Ncube, Bhekumthetho / Madala, Ntakadzeni Edwin / Nyakudya, Trevor Tapiwa / Moyo, Hloniphani Peter / Sibanda, Mbulisi / Ndhlala, Ashwell Rungano

Plants. 2019 Nov. 15, v. 8, no. 11

2019

Abstract: This paper reviews the properties of the most cultivated species of the Moringaceae family, Moringa oleifera Lam. The paper takes a critical look at the positive and the associated negative properties of the plant, with particular emphasis on its ... ...

Abstract	This paper reviews the properties of the most cultivated species of the Moringaceae family, Moringa oleifera Lam. The paper takes a critical look at the positive and the associated negative properties of the plant, with particular emphasis on its chemistry, selected medicinal and nutritional properties, as well as some ecological implications of the plant. The review highlights the importance of glucosinolates (GS) compounds which are relatively unique to the Moringa species family, with glucomoriginin and its acylated derivative being the most abundant. We highlight some new research findings revealing that not all M. oleifera cultivars contain an important flavonoid, rutin. The review also focuses on phenolic acids, tannin, minerals and vitamins, which are in high amounts when compared to most vegetables and fruits. Although there are numerous benefits of using M. oleifera for medicinal purposes, there are reports of contraindications. Nonetheless, we note that there are no major harmful effects of M. oleifera that have been reported by the scientific community. M. oleifera is suspected to be potentially invasive and moderately invasive in some regions of the world because of its ability to grow in a wide range of environmental conditions. However, the plant is currently classified as a low potential invasive species and thus there is a need to constantly monitor the species. Despite the numerous benefits associated with the plant, there is still a paucity of data on clinical trials proving both the positive and negative effects of the plant. We recommend further clinical trials to ascertain the properties associated with the plant, especially regarding long term use.
Keywords	Moringa oleifera ; clinical trials ; cultivars ; dietary minerals ; environmental factors ; fruits ; glucosinolates ; invasive species ; nutritive value ; phenolic acids ; rutin ; vegetables ; vitamins
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1115
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants8110510
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Phytochemical, nutraceutical and pharmacological attributes of a functional crop Moringa oleifera Lam: An overview

Singh, Amit Kumar / Rana, Harvesh Kumar / Tshabalala, Thulani / Kumar, Ramesh / Gupta, Ashutosh / Ndhlala, Ashwell R / Pandey, Abhay K

South African Association of Botanists South African journal of botany. 2019 June 13,

2019

Abstract: Moringa oleifera Lam belonging to family Moringaceae is a plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. The plant is native to India; however, it is now spread to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The genus consists of 13 species and ... ...

Abstract	Moringa oleifera Lam belonging to family Moringaceae is a plant with high nutritional and medicinal value. The plant is native to India; however, it is now spread to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The genus consists of 13 species and they are being cultivated in Asia, Africa and another part of the world for the multiple uses. Different part of the plants is a rich source of protein, lipid, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamin and minerals. Hence, it is used as dietary supplements in the tropics as a nutrient source where malnutrition is a major concern, especially in children and infants. Seeds of the plant have coagulant and bio sorbent property which allows it to be used in purifying water quality and reduce the microbial load. The present review highlights information regarding the traditional uses, phytoconstituents, pharmacological attributes viz., antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective etc. and toxicological aspects of M. oleifera species in order to explore further their therapeutic potential and assess future research dimensions.
Keywords	Moringa oleifera ; amino acids ; carbohydrates ; chemical constituents of plants ; children ; coagulants ; dietary supplements ; infants ; lipids ; malnutrition ; microbial load ; minerals ; phytochemicals ; seeds ; sorbents ; subtropics ; therapeutics ; tropics ; water quality ; Africa ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0613
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2126918-X
ISSN	0254-6299
ISSN	0254-6299
DOI	10.1016/j.sajb.2019.06.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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