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  1. Article ; Online: Time series models show comparable projection performance with joinpoint regression: A comparison using historical cancer data from World Health Organization.

    Li, Jinhui / Chan, Nicholas B / Xue, Jiashu / Tsoi, Kelvin K F

    Frontiers in public health

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 1003162

    Abstract: Background: Cancer is one of the major causes of death and the projection of cancer incidences is essential for future healthcare resources planning. Joinpoint regression and average annual percentage change (AAPC) are common approaches for cancer ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cancer is one of the major causes of death and the projection of cancer incidences is essential for future healthcare resources planning. Joinpoint regression and average annual percentage change (AAPC) are common approaches for cancer projection, while time series models, traditional ways of trend analysis in statistics, were considered less popular. This study aims to compare these projection methods on seven types of cancers in 31 geographical jurisdictions.
    Methods: Using data from 66 cancer registries in the World Health Organization, projection models by joinpoint regression, AAPC, and autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) were constructed based on 20 years of cancer incidences. The rest of the data upon 20-years of record were used to validate the primary outcomes, namely, 3, 5, and 10-year projections. Weighted averages of mean-square-errors and of percentage errors on predictions were used to quantify the accuracy of the projection results.
    Results: Among 66 jurisdictions and seven selected cancers, ARIMAX gave the best 5 and 10-year projections for most of the scenarios. When the ten-year projection was concerned, ARIMAX resulted in a mean-square-error (or percentage error) of 2.7% (or 7.2%), compared with 3.3% (or 15.2%) by joinpoint regression and 7.8% (or 15.0%) by AAPC. All the three methods were unable to give reasonable projections for prostate cancer incidence in the US.
    Conclusion: ARIMAX outperformed the joinpoint regression and AAPC approaches by showing promising accuracy and robustness in projecting cancer incidence rates. In the future, developments in projection models and better applications could promise to improve our ability to understand the trend of disease development, design the intervention strategies, and build proactive public health system.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Time Factors ; Forecasting ; Incidence ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; World Health Organization
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1003162
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  2. Article ; Online: Computerized cognitive training for memory functions in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Chan, Aaron T C / Ip, Roy T F / Tran, Joshua Y S / Chan, Joyce Y C / Tsoi, Kelvin K F

    NPJ digital medicine

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

    Abstract: Dementia is a common medical condition in the ageing population, and cognitive intervention is a non-pharmacologic strategy to improve cognitive functions. This meta-analysis evaluated the benefits of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on memory ... ...

    Abstract Dementia is a common medical condition in the ageing population, and cognitive intervention is a non-pharmacologic strategy to improve cognitive functions. This meta-analysis evaluated the benefits of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on memory functions in individuals with MCI or dementia. The study was registered prospectively with PROSPERO under CRD42022363715 and received no funding. The search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO on Sept 19, 2022, and Google Scholar on May 9, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CCT on memory outcomes in individuals with MCI or dementia. Mean differences and standard deviations of neuropsychological assessment scores were extracted to derive standardized mean differences. Our search identified 10,678 studies, of which 35 studies were included. Among 1489 participants with MCI, CCT showed improvements in verbal memory (SMD (95%CI) = 0.55 (0.35-0.74)), visual memory (0.36 (0.12-0.60)), and working memory (0.37 (0.10-0.64)). Supervised CCT showed improvements in verbal memory (0.72 (0.45-0.98)), visual memory (0.51 (0.22-0.79)), and working memory (0.33 (0.01-0.66)). Unsupervised CCT showed improvement in verbal memory (0.21 (0.04-0.38)) only. Among 371 participants with dementia, CCT showed improvement in verbal memory (0.64 (0.02-1.27)) only. Inconsistency due to heterogeneity (as indicated by I
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2398-6352
    ISSN (online) 2398-6352
    DOI 10.1038/s41746-023-00987-5
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  3. Article ; Online: Apathy after subarachnoid haemorrhage: A systematic review.

    Tang, Wai Kwong / Wang, Lisha / Tsoi, Kelvin K F / Yasuno, Fumihiko / Kim, Jong S

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2022  Volume 155, Page(s) 110742

    Abstract: Background: Apathy is a common and debilitating symptom accompanying many neurological disorders including non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).: Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise all ... ...

    Abstract Background: Apathy is a common and debilitating symptom accompanying many neurological disorders including non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
    Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise all published studies that have reported the prevalence, severity, and time course of apathy after SAH, the factors associated with its development, and the impact of apathy on patients' quality of life after SAH.
    Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Ovid Nursing databases were searched for studies published in English that recruited at least 10 patients (>18 years old) after SAH who were also diagnosed with apathy.
    Results: Altogether 10 studies covering 595 patients met the study's inclusion criteria. The prevalence of apathy ranged from 15 to 68%, with a weighted proportion of 38%. The time course of apathy was unknown. Comorbid cognitive impairment increases the risk of apathy. Blood in lateral ventricles and hydrocephalus may also be related to apathy. Apathy reduces participation in leisure and sexual activities. There were several methodological shortcomings in the included studies, namely, heterogeneity in study design and timing of apathy assessment, hospitalized /clinic-based and biased sampling, small sample sizes and some had high attrition rates, and uncertain validity of the measures of apathy.
    Conclusions: Apathy is common after SAH. Further research is needed to clarify its time course and identify the neurochemical factors and brain circuits associated with the development of post-SAH apathy. Randomized controlled treatment trials targeting SAH-related apathy are warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Apathy ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/complications ; Quality of Life ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110742
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  4. Article ; Online: The genetic architecture of blood pressure variability: A genome-wide association study of 9370 participants from UK Biobank.

    Jia, Pingping / Zhan, Na / Bat, Baker K K / Feng, Qi / Tsoi, Kelvin K F

    Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 1370–1380

    Abstract: Long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and stroke. However, its genetic architecture is not fully understood. This study aims to explore its genetic factors and provide more evidence on the ... ...

    Abstract Long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and stroke. However, its genetic architecture is not fully understood. This study aims to explore its genetic factors and provide more evidence on the mechanisms and further pathological study of BPV. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) is based on the UK Biobank cohort. There were four data collection rounds from 2006 to 2020, and 9370 participants with more than three blood pressure measurements were included. They had a median age of 55 and a male percentage of 50.1%. The phenotypes (BPV) were calculated by four methods and the genetic data contains 6 884 260 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after imputation and quality control. A linear regression model was performed with adjustments for sex, age, genotype array, and a significant principal component. Subgroup analysis was performed on hypertension-free participants. The significant and suggestive significant P thresholds were set as 5 × 10
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Blood Pressure/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/genetics ; Hypertension/complications ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Female ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2077222-1
    ISSN 1751-7176 ; 1524-6175
    ISSN (online) 1751-7176
    ISSN 1524-6175
    DOI 10.1111/jch.14552
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    Zs.A 5723: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Risk of self-harm in post TIA patients: A population-based cohort study.

    Tang, Wai Kwong / Tsoi, Kelvin K F / Chung, Chih-Ping / Kim, Jong S

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2022  Volume 159, Page(s) 110937

    Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals who have experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) have an increased risk of self-harm behaviors.: Methods: In this matched cohort study, we reviewed the electronic health ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether individuals who have experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) have an increased risk of self-harm behaviors.
    Methods: In this matched cohort study, we reviewed the electronic health records of all patients admitted for any reason to Hong Kong public hospitals between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2019. We selected a post-TIA cohort consisting of 37,356 patients and a comparison cohort comprising 37,352 subjects. All participants enrolled in this study were followed up until a diagnosis of self-harm, death from other causes, or the end of 2020, whichever occurred first. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate the risk of self-harm since the onset of TIA.
    Results: Throughout the 27-year study period, the number of individuals exhibiting self-harm behavior in the TIA and comparison groups was 1031 (2.76%) and 512 (1.37%), respectively. The TIA group had a higher proportion of subjects with self-harm (χ
    Conclusions: TIA is associated with an increased risk of self-harm. Healthcare professionals should help identify patients at heightened risk and provide efficient and targeted prevention strategies for this population.
    MeSH term(s) Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology ; Stroke/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110937
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  6. Article ; Online: Personality changes after subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Tang, Wai Kwong / Wang, Lisha / Tsoi, Kelvin K F / Barrash, Joseph / Kim, Jong S

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2022  Volume 156, Page(s) 110762

    Abstract: Objective: Personality changes (PC) comprise a common and debilitating illness that accompanies many neurological disorders, including non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise ...

    Abstract Objective: Personality changes (PC) comprise a common and debilitating illness that accompanies many neurological disorders, including non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise all published studies that have reported the frequency, severity, and time course of PC after SAH, the factors associated with the development of PC and the effects of PC on patients' lives after SAH.
    Methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Ovid Nursing databases for studies published in English that recruited at least 10 patients (>18 years old) after SAH who were also diagnosed with PC.
    Results: We found eight studies involving 1227 patients met the study entry criteria. The frequency of PC ranged from 32% to 59%, with a pooled frequency of 44%. The clinical course of PC after SAH was unclear. PC after SAH may be associated with the clinical features and treatment factors related to SAH and comorbid conditions. Neurological signs, disability and surgical treatment increased the risk of PC. PC reduced the study participants' chance of employment.
    Conclusion: In summary, PC commonly occurs after SAH. Further research is needed to clarify the time course of PC and identify the risk factors, neurochemical factors, and brain circuits associated with the development of post-SAH PC. Randomized controlled treatment trials targeting SAH-related PC are warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases/complications ; Personality ; Risk Factors ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/drug therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110762
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  7. Article ; Online: Use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Rong, Lim / Ch'ng, Daniel / Jia, Pingping / Tsoi, Kelvin K F / Wong, Sunny H / Sung, Joseph J Y

    Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 10, Page(s) 1682–1694

    Abstract: Background and aim: Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit compositional changes in their gut microbiome, which represents a potential therapeutic target. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are microbiome-targeted therapies ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibit compositional changes in their gut microbiome, which represents a potential therapeutic target. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are microbiome-targeted therapies that have been proposed as treatment for NAFLD. We aim to systematically review the effects of these therapies in liver-related outcomes of NAFLD patients.
    Methods: We conducted a systematic search in Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost from inception to August 19, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that treated NAFLD patients with prebiotics and/or probiotics. We meta-analyzed the outcomes using standardized mean difference (SMD) and assessed study heterogeneity using Cochran's Q test and I
    Results: A total of 41 (18 probiotics, 17 synbiotics, and 6 prebiotics) RCTs were included. Pooled data demonstrated that the intervention had significantly improved liver steatosis (measured by ultrasound grading) (SMD: 4.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.27, 7.25), fibrosis (SMD: -0.61 kPa; 95% CI: -1.12, -0.09 kPa), and liver enzymes including alanine transaminase (SMD: -0.86 U/L; 95% CI: -1.16, -0.56 U/L), aspartate transaminase (SMD: -0.87 U/L; 95% CI: -1.22, -0.52 U/L), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (SMD: -0.77 U/L; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.29 U/L).
    Conclusions: Microbiome-targeted therapies were associated with significant improvements in liver-related outcomes in NAFLD patients. Nevertheless, limitations in existing literature like heterogeneity in probiotic strains, dosage, and formulation undermine our findings. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022354562) and supported by the Nanyang Technological University Start-up Grant and Wang Lee Wah Memorial Fund.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Synbiotics ; Prebiotics ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy ; Probiotics/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Prebiotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 632882-9
    ISSN 1440-1746 ; 0815-9319
    ISSN (online) 1440-1746
    ISSN 0815-9319
    DOI 10.1111/jgh.16256
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  8. Article ; Online: Response to the Letter to the Editor "Antidepressant and Risk of Dementia: Confounding by Indication".

    Chan, Joyce Y C / Tsoi, Kelvin K F

    Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 7, Page(s) 922

    MeSH term(s) Antidepressive Agents ; Dementia ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2171030-2
    ISSN 1538-9375 ; 1525-8610
    ISSN (online) 1538-9375
    ISSN 1525-8610
    DOI 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.04.012
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    Zs.A 5971: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability Increases Risks of Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

    Jia, Pingping / Lee, Helen W Y / Chan, Joyce Y C / Yiu, Karen K L / Tsoi, Kelvin K F

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

    2021  Volume 78, Issue 4, Page(s) 996–1004

    Abstract: Figure: see text]. ...

    Abstract [Figure: see text].
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Dementia/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 423736-5
    ISSN 1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    ISSN (online) 1524-4563
    ISSN 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
    DOI 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17788
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  10. Article ; Online: Antihypertensive treatments and risks of lung Cancer: a large population-based cohort study in Hong Kong.

    Li, Jinhui / Lam, Amy S M / Yau, Sarah T Y / Yiu, Karen K L / Tsoi, Kelvin K F

    BMC cancer

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 1202

    Abstract: Background: There is a growing concern that the use of anti-hypertensives may be associated with an increased risk of cancer, but it remains uncertain for the association between anti-hypertensives and lung cancer risk, as well as their interaction with ...

    Abstract Background: There is a growing concern that the use of anti-hypertensives may be associated with an increased risk of cancer, but it remains uncertain for the association between anti-hypertensives and lung cancer risk, as well as their interaction with aspirin in chemoprotective effects.
    Methods: The goal of this study is to assess the association between anti-hypertensives use and the risk of lung cancer, as well as the chemopreventive impacts from the combination usage of aspirin and anti-hypertensives. A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on all the public hospital electronic medical records in Hong Kong. Patients with prescription records of anti-hypertensives (ACEi/ARB, CCB, β-blocker,α-blocker) and/or aspirin were included as the exposure groups. Using the Cox proportional hazards model with inverse probability weighting, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer risk from anti-hypertensives usage or combination usage of aspirin with anti-hypertensives. The likelihood ratio test and interaction model were adopted for exploring the interaction effects with aspirin.
    Results: A total of 6592 and 84,116 lung cancer cases were identified from the groups of anti-hypertensives users and anti-hypertensives users with aspirin, respectively. The group of non-aspirin patients who received anti-hypertensives showed a significantly lower risk of lung cancer (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.60-0.66), compared to those without anti-hypertensives. When aspirin and α-blocker were used simultaneously, it could lower the risk of lung cancer significantly (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.84). Moreover, the lower risk of lung cancer persisted with a longer follow-up period of anti-hypertensives usage. Combination usage with aspirin in the users of ACEi/ARB, CCB, and α-blocker showed significant interaction effects. However, the smoking effect could not be eliminated in this analysis.
    Discussion: Anti-hypertensive treatment was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer, which is associated with the anti-hypertensives exposure period. The potential interaction on the chemopreventive influence from combination usage of α-blocker and aspirin might exist. More corroborations on these findings are needed to focus on the different settings in future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data
    Chemical Substances Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Aspirin (R16CO5Y76E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041352-X
    ISSN 1471-2407 ; 1471-2407
    ISSN (online) 1471-2407
    ISSN 1471-2407
    DOI 10.1186/s12885-021-08971-6
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