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  1. Article ; Online: A short guide to the tight junction.

    Citi, Sandra / Fromm, Michael / Furuse, Mikio / González-Mariscal, Lorenza / Nusrat, Asma / Tsukita, Sachiko / Turner, Jerrold R

    Journal of cell science

    2024  Volume 137, Issue 9

    Abstract: Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells of epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers that establish and maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, ...

    Abstract Tight junctions (TJs) are specialized regions of contact between cells of epithelial and endothelial tissues that form selective semipermeable paracellular barriers that establish and maintain body compartments with different fluid compositions. As such, the formation of TJs represents a critical step in metazoan evolution, allowing the formation of multicompartmental organisms and true, barrier-forming epithelia and endothelia. In the six decades that have passed since the first observations of TJs by transmission electron microscopy, much progress has been made in understanding the structure, function, molecular composition and regulation of TJs. The goal of this Perspective is to highlight the key concepts that have emerged through this research and the future challenges that lie ahead for the field.
    MeSH term(s) Tight Junctions/metabolism ; Tight Junctions/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Animals ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/ultrastructure ; Epithelial Cells/cytology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2993-2
    ISSN 1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
    ISSN (online) 1477-9137
    ISSN 0021-9533
    DOI 10.1242/jcs.261776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Parallel cryo electron tomography on in situ lamellae.

    Eisenstein, Fabian / Yanagisawa, Haruaki / Kashihara, Hiroka / Kikkawa, Masahide / Tsukita, Sachiko / Danev, Radostin

    Nature methods

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 131–138

    Abstract: In situ cryo electron tomography of cryo focused ion beam milled samples has emerged in recent years as a powerful technique for structural studies of macromolecular complexes in their native cellular environment. However, the possibilities for recording ...

    Abstract In situ cryo electron tomography of cryo focused ion beam milled samples has emerged in recent years as a powerful technique for structural studies of macromolecular complexes in their native cellular environment. However, the possibilities for recording tomographic tilt series in a high-throughput manner are limited, in part by the lamella-shaped samples. Here we utilize a geometrical sample model and optical image shift to record tens of tilt series in parallel, thereby saving time and gaining access to sample areas conventionally used for tracking specimen movement. The parallel cryo electron tomography (PACE-tomo) method achieves a throughput faster than 5 min per tilt series and allows for the collection of sample areas that were previously unreachable, thus maximizing the amount of data from each lamella. Performance testing with ribosomes in vitro and in situ on state-of-the-art and general-purpose microscopes demonstrated the high throughput and quality of PACE-tomo.
    MeSH term(s) Electron Microscope Tomography/methods ; Cryoelectron Microscopy/methods ; Macromolecular Substances/chemistry ; Ribosomes
    Chemical Substances Macromolecular Substances
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2169522-2
    ISSN 1548-7105 ; 1548-7091
    ISSN (online) 1548-7105
    ISSN 1548-7091
    DOI 10.1038/s41592-022-01690-1
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  3. Article ; Online: Reciprocal Association between the Apical Junctional Complex and AMPK: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Epithelial/Endothelial Barrier Function?

    Tsukita, Kazuto / Yano, Tomoki / Tamura, Atsushi / Tsukita, Sachiko

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2019  Volume 20, Issue 23

    Abstract: Epithelial/endothelial cells adhere to each other via cell-cell junctions including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). TJs and AJs are spatiotemporally and functionally integrated, and are thus often collectively defined as apical ... ...

    Abstract Epithelial/endothelial cells adhere to each other via cell-cell junctions including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs). TJs and AJs are spatiotemporally and functionally integrated, and are thus often collectively defined as apical junctional complexes (AJCs), regulating a number of spatiotemporal events including paracellular barrier, selective permeability, apicobasal cell polarity, mechano-sensing, intracellular signaling cascades, and epithelial morphogenesis. Over the past 15 years, it has been acknowledged that adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a well-known central regulator of energy metabolism, has a reciprocal association with AJCs. Here, we review the current knowledge of this association and show the following evidences: (1) as an upstream regulator, AJs activate the liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-AMPK axis particularly in response to applied junctional tension, and (2) TJ function and apicobasal cell polarization are downstream targets of AMPK and are promoted by AMPK activation. Although molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena have not yet been completely elucidated, identifications of novel AMPK effectors in AJCs and AMPK-driven epithelial transcription factors have enhanced our knowledge. More intensive studies along this line would eventually lead to the development of AMPK-based therapies, enabling us to manipulate epithelial/endothelial barrier function.
    MeSH term(s) AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Adherens Junctions/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Permeability ; Signal Transduction ; Tight Junctions/metabolism
    Chemical Substances AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms20236012
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  4. Article ; Online: Claudin-2 upregulation enhances intestinal permeability, immune activation, dysbiosis, and mortality in sepsis.

    Oami, Takehiko / Abtahi, Shabnam / Shimazui, Takashi / Chen, Ching-Wen / Sweat, Yan Y / Liang, Zhe / Burd, Eileen M / Farris, Alton B / Roland, Joe T / Tsukita, Sachiko / Ford, Mandy L / Turner, Jerrold R / Coopersmith, Craig M

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2024  Volume 121, Issue 10, Page(s) e2217877121

    Abstract: Intestinal epithelial expression of the tight junction protein claudin-2, which forms paracellular cation and water channels, is precisely regulated during development and in disease. Here, we show that small intestinal epithelial claudin-2 expression is ...

    Abstract Intestinal epithelial expression of the tight junction protein claudin-2, which forms paracellular cation and water channels, is precisely regulated during development and in disease. Here, we show that small intestinal epithelial claudin-2 expression is selectively upregulated in septic patients. Similar changes occurred in septic mice, where claudin-2 upregulation coincided with increased flux across the paracellular pore pathway. In order to define the significance of these changes, sepsis was induced in claudin-2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Sepsis-induced increases in pore pathway permeability were prevented by claudin-2 KO. Moreover, claudin-2 deletion reduced interleukin-17 production and T cell activation and limited intestinal damage. These effects were associated with reduced numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and bacteria within the peritoneal fluid of septic claudin-2 KO mice. Most strikingly, claudin-2 deletion dramatically enhanced survival in sepsis. Finally, the microbial changes induced by sepsis were less pathogenic in claudin-2 KO mice as survival of healthy WT mice injected with cecal slurry collected from WT mice 24 h after sepsis was far worse than that of healthy WT mice injected with cecal slurry collected from claudin-2 KO mice 24 h after sepsis. Claudin-2 upregulation and increased pore pathway permeability are, therefore, key intermediates that contribute to development of dysbiosis, intestinal damage, inflammation, ineffective pathogen control, and increased mortality in sepsis. The striking impact of claudin-2 deletion on progression of the lethal cascade activated during sepsis suggests that claudin-2 may be an attractive therapeutic target in septic patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Claudin-2/genetics ; Claudin-2/metabolism ; Dysbiosis/genetics ; Dysbiosis/metabolism ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Permeability ; Sepsis/metabolism ; Tight Junctions/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Chemical Substances Claudin-2 ; Cldn2 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2217877121
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  5. Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of cingulin reversibly regulates its binding to actin filaments and microtubules.

    Yano, Tomoki / Torisawa, Takayuki / Oiwa, Kazuhiro / Tsukita, Sachiko

    Scientific reports

    2018  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 17991

    Abstract: A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper. ...

    Abstract A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-37079-4
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  6. Article ; Online: AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of cingulin reversibly regulates its binding to actin filaments and microtubules.

    Yano, Tomoki / Torisawa, Takayuki / Oiwa, Kazuhiro / Tsukita, Sachiko

    Scientific reports

    2018  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 15550

    Abstract: Cytoskeletal organization is essential for the precise morphogenesis of cells, tissues, and organs. Cytoskeletons, bound to scaffolding proteins, regulate the apical junction complex (AJC), which is composed of tight and adherens junctions, and located ... ...

    Abstract Cytoskeletal organization is essential for the precise morphogenesis of cells, tissues, and organs. Cytoskeletons, bound to scaffolding proteins, regulate the apical junction complex (AJC), which is composed of tight and adherens junctions, and located at the apical side of epithelial cell sheets. Cingulin is a tight junction-associated protein that binds to both actin filaments and microtubules. However, how cingulin binds to microtubules and whether cingulin can bind to actin and microtubules simultaneously are unclear. Here we examined the mechanisms behind cingulin's cytoskeleton-binding properties. First, using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we detected cingulin at microtubule cross points. We then found the interdomain interactions in cingulin molecules. Notably, we found that this interaction was regulated by AMPK-dependent phosphorylation and changed cingulin's conformation and binding properties to actin filaments and microtubules. Finally, we found that the AMPK-regulated cingulin properties regulated the barrier functions of epithelial cell sheets. We propose that the cellular metabolic state, which involves AMPK, can contribute to the organization and maintenance of epithelial tissues through cingulin's tight junction/cytoskeleton regulation.
    MeSH term(s) AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Animals ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
    Chemical Substances Cgn protein, mouse ; Membrane Proteins ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-33418-7
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  7. Article: The Claudins: From Tight Junctions to Biological Systems.

    Tsukita, Sachiko / Tanaka, Hiroo / Tamura, Atsushi

    Trends in biochemical sciences

    2018  Volume 44, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–152

    Abstract: Claudins are cell-cell adhesion molecules located at the tight junctions (TJs) between cells in epithelial cell sheets. The claudin family in mammals consists of 27 four-transmembrane domain proteins. Claudins are responsible for the paracellular barrier ...

    Abstract Claudins are cell-cell adhesion molecules located at the tight junctions (TJs) between cells in epithelial cell sheets. The claudin family in mammals consists of 27 four-transmembrane domain proteins. Claudins are responsible for the paracellular barrier function of TJs, and in some cases confer paracellular channel functions to the paracellular barriers of TJs. Based on recent breakthroughs in the molecular structure of claudins, the hypothetical 'antiparallel double row model' was proposed, which suggests how claudins polymerize in a linear fashion and form TJ strands with paracellular barrier and channel functions. Meanwhile, ongoing studies at the cell and tissue levels are clarifying how the paracellular barrier and/or channel functions of claudin-based TJs, which are both robust and flexible, organize various biological systems.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Claudins/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Tight Junctions/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Claudins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 194216-5
    ISSN 1362-4326 ; 0968-0004 ; 0376-5067
    ISSN (online) 1362-4326
    ISSN 0968-0004 ; 0376-5067
    DOI 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.008
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  8. Article ; Online: R40.76 binds to the α domain of ZO-1: role of ZO-1 (α+) in epithelial differentiation and mechano-sensing.

    Rouaud, Florian / Vasileva, Ekaterina / Spadaro, Domenica / Tsukita, Sachiko / Citi, Sandra

    Tissue barriers

    2019  Volume 7, Issue 3, Page(s) e1653748

    Abstract: The barrier function of epithelia and endothelia depends on tight junctions, which are formed by the polymerization of claudins on a scaffold of ZO proteins. Two differentially spliced isoforms of ZO-1 have been described, depending on the presence of ... ...

    Abstract The barrier function of epithelia and endothelia depends on tight junctions, which are formed by the polymerization of claudins on a scaffold of ZO proteins. Two differentially spliced isoforms of ZO-1 have been described, depending on the presence of the α domain, but the function of this domain is unclear. ZO-1 also contains a C-terminal ZU5 domain, which is involved in a mechano-sensitive intramolecular interaction with the central (ZPSG) region of ZO-1. Here we use immunoblotting and immunofluorescence to map the binding sites for commercially available monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against ZO-1, and for a new polyclonal antibody (R3) that we developed against the ZO-1 C-terminus. We demonstrate that antibody R40.76 binds to the α domain, and the R3 antibody binds to the ZU5 domain. The (α+) isoform of ZO-1 shows higher expression in epithelial versus endothelial cells, and in differentiated versus undifferentiated primary keratinocytes, suggesting a link to epithelial differentiation and a potential molecular adaptation to junctions subjected to stronger mechanical forces. These results provide new tools and hypotheses to investigate the role of the α and ZU5 domains in ZO-1 mechano-sensing and dynamic interactions with the cytoskeleton and junctional ligands.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Tight Junctions/metabolism ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein/physiology
    Chemical Substances Zonula Occludens-1 Protein
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2168-8370
    ISSN (online) 2168-8370
    DOI 10.1080/21688370.2019.1653748
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  9. Article ; Online: Dual-color live imaging unveils stepwise organization of multiple basal body arrays by cytoskeletons.

    Shiratsuchi, Gen / Konishi, Satoshi / Yano, Tomoki / Yanagihashi, Yuichi / Nakayama, Shogo / Katsuno, Tatsuya / Kashihara, Hiroka / Tanaka, Hiroo / Tsukita, Kazuto / Suzuki, Koya / Herawati, Elisa / Watanabe, Hitomi / Hirai, Toyohiro / Yagi, Takeshi / Kondoh, Gen / Gotoh, Shimpei / Tamura, Atsushi / Tsukita, Sachiko

    EMBO reports

    2024  Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 1176–1207

    Abstract: For mucociliary clearance of pathogens, tracheal multiciliated epithelial cells (MCCs) organize coordinated beating of cilia, which originate from basal bodies (BBs) with basal feet (BFs) on one side. To clarify the self-organizing mechanism of ... ...

    Abstract For mucociliary clearance of pathogens, tracheal multiciliated epithelial cells (MCCs) organize coordinated beating of cilia, which originate from basal bodies (BBs) with basal feet (BFs) on one side. To clarify the self-organizing mechanism of coordinated intracellular BB-arrays composed of a well-ordered BB-alignment and unidirectional BB-orientation, determined by the direction of BB to BF, we generated double transgenic mice with GFP-centrin2-labeled BBs and mRuby3-Cep128-labeled BFs for long-term, high-resolution, dual-color live-cell imaging in primary-cultured tracheal MCCs. At early timepoints of MCC differentiation, BB-orientation and BB-local alignment antecedently coordinated in an apical microtubule-dependent manner. Later during MCC differentiation, fluctuations in BB-orientation were restricted, and locally aligned BB-arrays were further coordinated to align across the entire cell (BB-global alignment), mainly in an apical intermediate-sized filament-lattice-dependent manner. Thus, the high coordination of the BB-array was established for efficient mucociliary clearance as the primary defense against pathogen infection, identifying apical cytoskeletons as potential therapeutic targets.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Basal Bodies ; Cytoskeleton ; Microtubules ; Cilia ; Epithelial Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.1038/s44319-024-00066-0
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  10. Article ; Online: Paracellular barrier and channel functions of TJ claudins in organizing biological systems: advances in the field of barriology revealed in knockout mice.

    Tamura, Atsushi / Tsukita, Sachiko

    Seminars in cell & developmental biology

    2014  Volume 36, Page(s) 177–185

    Abstract: Claudin was first identified as a four-transmembrane protein in the tight junctions (TJs) between epithelial cells. The claudin family has 27 members, which are specifically expressed depending on the epithelial cell type. Accumulating evidence has ... ...

    Abstract Claudin was first identified as a four-transmembrane protein in the tight junctions (TJs) between epithelial cells. The claudin family has 27 members, which are specifically expressed depending on the epithelial cell type. Accumulating evidence has revealed that claudins are responsible for the paracellular barrier that prevents molecules from passing through epithelial cell sheets. In addition, the extracellular domains of some claudins enable them to act as a permselective paracellular channel for specific molecules, including ions and/or non-ionic solutes. Recent studies using claudin knockout mice revealed that the loss of claudins' specific paracellular barrier and/or channel functions affects specific biological functions and leads to pathological states. In this review, considering recent findings in vivo, we describe how, sometimes in concert with canonical transporters and channels, the paracellular barrier and channel functions of claudins sophisticatedly organize biological systems.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Transport ; Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Claudins/genetics ; Claudins/metabolism ; Ear, Inner/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology ; Ion Channels ; Kidney/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Tight Junctions/physiology ; Water
    Chemical Substances Claudins ; Ion Channels ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1312473-0
    ISSN 1096-3634 ; 1084-9521
    ISSN (online) 1096-3634
    ISSN 1084-9521
    DOI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.09.019
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