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  1. Article: X as a proxy for tackle safety culture? Sentiment analysis of social media posts on red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup.

    Alexander, Firdows / Tucker, Ross / Jones, Ben / Hendricks, Sharief

    BMJ open sport & exercise medicine

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) e001756

    Abstract: Objectives: This study analysed the overall sentiment of attitudes, opinions, views and emotions expressed in posts on X related to red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup (RWC).: Methods: Sentiment analysis was conducted ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study analysed the overall sentiment of attitudes, opinions, views and emotions expressed in posts on X related to red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup (RWC).
    Methods: Sentiment analysis was conducted on posts on X about red or yellow cards issued at the 2019 RWC. Posts were classified as 'agree', 'disagree' and 'neutral'. The frequency of posts, red cards, yellow cards, all injuries, tackle injuries and total number of tackles per match were also synced to the 45-match playing schedule.
    Results: Five tackle-related red cards were issued during the 2019 RWC, and 15 tackle-related yellow cards, with 337 and 302 posts identified for each card decision, respectively. For red cards, 42% of posts (n=158/377) agreed with the referee's decision, 19% (n=71/377) disagreed and 40% were neutral. For yellow cards, 24% (n=73/302) agreed with the referee's decision, 33% (n=99/302) disagreed and 43% were neutral.
    Conclusions: For red cards, posts were 2.2 times more likely to agree with the referee's decision than disagree. Posts that agreed with a red card decision were also more likely to be shared (reposted) than posts that disagreed with a red card decision. In contrast, sentiments expressed for yellow card decisions were mixed. This may be related to interpreting the degree of danger and whether mitigation is applied. Within the ecosystem of rugby, sharing sentiments on social media plays a powerful role in creating a positive player welfare narrative.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2817580-3
    ISSN 2055-7647
    ISSN 2055-7647
    DOI 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001756
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  2. Article ; Online: The role of player mass and contact speed on head kinematics and neck dynamics in rugby union tackling.

    Tierney, Gregory J / Tucker, Ross

    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 2, Page(s) 298–312

    Abstract: Tackling is the most common cause of general injuries in rugby union, with player speed and mass identified as risk factors. This study aimed to use multibody modeling simulations to examine how tackler and ball carrier mass and contact speed affect ... ...

    Abstract Tackling is the most common cause of general injuries in rugby union, with player speed and mass identified as risk factors. This study aimed to use multibody modeling simulations to examine how tackler and ball carrier mass and contact speed affect inertial head kinematics and neck dynamics. Simulations were run by independently varying the ball carrier and tackler mass (from 60 to 110kg) and speed (from 0 to 10 m/s). Peak resultant inertial neck dynamics (force and moment) and head kinematics (linear acceleration, angular acceleration, and angular velocity) were extracted from each simulation. The greatest inertial head kinematics and neck dynamics sustained by a player was when there was the greatest mass disparity in the tackle, with the lighter player experiencing greatest inertial neck dynamics and head kinematics by up to 24% in comparison with the scenario when both players were the lightest mass (60 kg). As a player's mass increased, the magnitude of their head kinematics and neck dynamics diminished, but increased for their direct opponent, irrespective of whether they were the tackler or ball carrier. For speed, the greatest inertial head kinematics and neck dynamics sustained by the ball carrier and tackler were when they were both traveling at the highest speed. In theory, large discrepancies in mass of players, and high speeds into a tackle should be avoided.
    MeSH term(s) Acceleration ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Football ; Head ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Rugby
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-05
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1077418-x
    ISSN 1600-0838 ; 0905-7188
    ISSN (online) 1600-0838
    ISSN 0905-7188
    DOI 10.1111/sms.14090
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  3. Article ; Online: Rugby Sevens: Olympic debutante and research catalyst.

    Tucker, Ross

    British journal of sports medicine

    2016  Volume 50, Issue 11, Page(s) 638–639

    MeSH term(s) Athletes ; Athletic Injuries/prevention & control ; Athletic Performance ; Fatigue ; Football/injuries ; Humans ; Travel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096306
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 1893: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Tackle Risk Factors for Head Injury Assessments (HIAs) in Sub-Elite Rugby League and Recommendations for Prevention: Head Contacts from Upright Tackles Increase the HIA Risk to Both Ball Carrier and Tackler.

    Lang, Martin A / Tucker, Ross / Edwards, Suzi / Iverson, Grant L / Gardner, Andrew J

    Sports medicine - open

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 43

    Abstract: Background: The rugby league tackle has been identified as the game event with the greatest propensity for a clinically diagnosed concussion. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in professional rugby league and rugby union by examining Head ... ...

    Abstract Background: The rugby league tackle has been identified as the game event with the greatest propensity for a clinically diagnosed concussion. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in professional rugby league and rugby union by examining Head Injury Assessment (HIA) events to determine the associated tackle characteristics that increase concussion risk in sub-elite rugby league players. This comparison between competition levels is important due to the less developed physiological and tackle proficiency characteristics of sub-elite rugby league players and the fewer resources available for an on-field diagnosis, compared to the elite level of the sport.
    Results: Tackles resulting in Head Injury Assessments (HIAs, n = 131) and 2,088 tackles that did not result in a head injury were identified and coded from one season of the 2019 Queensland Cup. The body position of both ball carrier and tackler, tackle height, and body contact areas were evaluated. The propensity for tacklers to undergo a head injury assessment was 1.49 HIAs per 1,000 tackles, equating to a 2.5-fold higher risk than that of the ball carrier (0.59 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). The risk for an HIA was 2.75-fold greater when the tackler was upright (2.89 HIAs per 1,000 tackles) compared to a bent-at-the-waist tackler (1.05 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). The greatest risk for the tackler and ball carrier sustaining an HIA occurred when the tackle height was high, with head-to-head contact having the greatest propensity for an HIA (44.37 HIAs per 1,000 tackles). HIA risk was also greater for both players when the ball carrier did not employ an evasion strategy (3.73 HIAs per 1,000 tackles).
    Conclusions: The study replicates results from research in elite rugby league and rugby union. A combination of higher head contact/proximity and upright body position significantly increase an HIA risk. Tackler head position and ball carrier evasion behaviours also affect risk, suggesting that injury prevention strategies designed to reduce tackle height and improve tackle technique by focusing on head position, body position, and in a novel finding, ball carrier evasion, may reduce head injury risk in sub-elite rugby league players.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809942-4
    ISSN 2198-9761 ; 2199-1170
    ISSN (online) 2198-9761
    ISSN 2199-1170
    DOI 10.1186/s40798-024-00696-7
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  5. Article: Head injury assessment in rugby union: clinical judgement guidelines.

    Falvey, Éanna / Tucker, Ross / Fuller, Gordan / Raftery, Martin

    BMJ open sport & exercise medicine

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) e000986

    Abstract: Background/aim: Clinical judgement is a recognised component of a complete off-field concussion assessment. This study identifies guidance criteria for team medical staff when using clinical judgement in their decision-making process during the World ... ...

    Abstract Background/aim: Clinical judgement is a recognised component of a complete off-field concussion assessment. This study identifies guidance criteria for team medical staff when using clinical judgement in their decision-making process during the World Rugby off-field concussion-assessment screen (HIA1).
    Methods: Retrospective study of examining doctor clinical judgement in 1149 HIA1 assessments after a meaningful head impact event completed on rugby union players participating in elite-level international and national competitions between September 2015 and June 2018. We assessed (1) an abnormal subtest result as worse performance compared with preseason baseline values; (2) the proportion of cases where clinicians overruled abnormal HIA1 assessment subtest results and (3) made recommendations on how clinical judgement decisions may be made more safely based on the accuracy of clinical judgement decisions assessed against the final concussion diagnosis.
    Results: One or more subtests were abnormal compared with baseline values in 857 of 1149 HIA1 assessments. Clinical judgement was used to return players to the game despite abnormal subtest results on 424 out of 857 occasions (49%). In a significant majority of cases 356/424 (84%), clinical judgement decisions were correct, with players later cleared of a concussion. An application of guided clinical judgement potentially decreased false negative assessments by 33% (21/63).
    Conclusions: Clinical judgement should be applied in the diagnosis of concussion but done so cautiously. We propose doctors should only use clinical judgement to overrule either one of; or a combination of (1) an abnormal tandem gait and (2) one abnormal cognitive test.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2817580-3
    ISSN 2055-7647
    ISSN 2055-7647
    DOI 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000986
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  6. Article ; Online: Symptom presentation and evolution in the first 48 hours after injury are associated with return to play after concussion in elite Rugby Union.

    Tucker, Ross / Cross, Matt / Stokes, Keith / Starling, Lindsay / Hyman, Rosy / Kemp, Simon / West, Stephen / Raftery, Martin / Falvey, Eanna / Brown, James

    Journal of sport and health science

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Return to play (RTP) in elite rugby is managed using a 6-stage graduated RTP protocol, which can result in clearance to play within 1 week of injury. We aimed to explore how symptom, cognitive, and balance presentation and evolution during ... ...

    Abstract Background: Return to play (RTP) in elite rugby is managed using a 6-stage graduated RTP protocol, which can result in clearance to play within 1 week of injury. We aimed to explore how symptom, cognitive, and balance presentation and evolution during concussion screens 2 h (head injury assessment (HIA) 2) and 48 h (HIA3) after injury were associated with time to RTP) to identify whether a more conservative graduated RTP may be appropriate.
    Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 380 concussed rugby players from elite men's rugby over 3 consecutive seasons. Players were classified as shorter or longer returns, depending on whether RTP occurred within 7 days (allowing them to be considered to play the match 1 week after injury) or longer than 8 days, respectively. Symptom, cognitive, and balance performance during screens was assessed relative to baseline (normal or abnormal) and to the preceding screen (improving or worsening). Associations between sub-test abnormalities and RTP time were explored using odds ratios (OR, longer vs. shorter). Median day absence was compared between players with abnormal or worsening results and those whose results were normal or improving.
    Results: Abnormal symptom results during screens 2 h and 48 h after concussion were associated with longer return time (HIA2: OR = 2.21, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.39-3.50; HIA3: OR = 3.30, 95%CI: 1.89-5.75). Worsening symptom number or severity from the time of injury to 2 h and 48 h post-injury was associated with longer return (HIA2: OR = 2.49, 95%CI: 1.36-4.58; HIA3: OR = 3.34, 95%CI: 1.10-10.15. Median days absence was greater in players with abnormal symptom results at both HIA2 and HIA3. Cognitive and balance performance were not associated with longer return and did not affect median days absence.
    Conclusion: Symptom presentation and evolution within 48 h of concussion were associated with longer RTP times. This may guide a more conservative approach to RTP, while still adhering to individualized concussion management principles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-15
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2673028-5
    ISSN 2213-2961 ; 2095-2546
    ISSN (online) 2213-2961
    ISSN 2095-2546
    DOI 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.01.005
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  7. Article ; Online: Applying diffusion innovation theory to evaluate the attributes of the new tackle law in rugby football codes.

    Hendricks, Sharief / Tucker, Ross / Paul, Lara / Owen, Cameron / Badenhorst, Marelise / Brown, James Craig / Emery, Carolyn A / Stokes, Keith A / Jones, Ben

    British journal of sports medicine

    2024  Volume 58, Issue 10, Page(s) 521–524

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Football/injuries ; Football/legislation & jurisprudence ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Athletic Injuries/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-05-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108376
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  8. Article: Assessing spring-mass similarity in elite and recreational runners.

    Burns, Geoffrey T / Tam, Nicholas / Santos-Concejero, Jordan / Tucker, Ross / Zernicke, Ronald F

    Frontiers in physiology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1224459

    Abstract: The dynamic complexity and individualization of running biomechanics has challenged the development of objective and comparative gait measures. Here, we present and explore several novel biomechanical metrics for running that are informed by a canonical ... ...

    Abstract The dynamic complexity and individualization of running biomechanics has challenged the development of objective and comparative gait measures. Here, we present and explore several novel biomechanical metrics for running that are informed by a canonical inter-species gait template-the spring-mass model. The measures assess running mechanics systemically against the template via quantifying characteristics of a runner's kinetics relative to the energy-conserving elastic system-i.e., their "spring-mass similarity". Applying these metrics in a retrospective cohort investigation, we studied the overground kinetics of two heterogenous populations of runners in two footwear conditions: elite and recreational athletes in shod and barefoot conditions. Across all measures and within foot strike types, the elite runners exhibited mechanics that were more similar to those of the ideally elastic spring-mass template. The elite runners had more symmetric bounces, less discrepancy (i.e., greater coordination) between horizontal and vertical kinetic changes, and better fit to a spring-mass vertical ground reaction force time series. Barefoot running elicited greater kinetic coordination in the recreational runners. At a faster speed, the elites further improved their similarity to the template. Overall, the more economical elite group exhibited greater likeness to the linearly elastic, energy-conserving spring-mass system than their recreational counterparts. This study introduces novel biomechanical measures related to performance in distance running. More broadly, it provides new, approachable metrics for systemic quantification of gait biomechanics in runners across all demographics. These metrics may be applied to assess a runner's global biomechanical response to a variety of interventions, including training adaptations, rehabilitation programs, and footwear conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224459
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  9. Article ; Online: Getting tough on concussion: how welfare-driven law change may improve player safety-a Rugby Union experience.

    Raftery, Martin / Tucker, Ross / Falvey, Éanna Cian

    British journal of sports medicine

    2020  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 600592-5
    ISSN 1473-0480 ; 0306-3674
    ISSN (online) 1473-0480
    ISSN 0306-3674
    DOI 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101885
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  10. Article: A Case-Control Study of Tackle-Based Head Injury Assessment (HIA) Risk Factors in the National Rugby League.

    Gardner, Andrew J / Iverson, Grant L / Edwards, Suzi / Tucker, Ross

    Sports medicine - open

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 84

    Abstract: Background: The tackle is the in-game activity carrying the greatest risk for concussion in rugby. A recent evaluation of tackle characteristics in rugby union precipitated a rule modification to reduce head impact risk during tackles. This study aims ... ...

    Abstract Background: The tackle is the in-game activity carrying the greatest risk for concussion in rugby. A recent evaluation of tackle characteristics in rugby union precipitated a rule modification to reduce head impact risk during tackles. This study aims to replicate the work conducted in rugby union by examining the association between tackle characteristics and head injury events in professional rugby league.
    Methods: There were 446 tackles resulting in a head injury assessment (HIA) and 5,694 tackles that did not result in a head injury from two National Rugby League (NRL) seasons that were reviewed and coded. Tackle height, body position of players, and contact area on an opponent's body were evaluated, with the propensity of each situation to cause an HIA calculated as HIAs per 1000 events.
    Results: The propensity for tacklers to sustain a head injury was 0.99 HIAs per 1000 tackles, 1.74-fold greater than for the ball carrier (0.57 HIAs per 1000 tackles). There was a 3.2-fold higher risk for an HIA when the tackler was upright compared to bent-at-the-waist. The greatest risk of a tackler HIA occurred when head contact was very low (knee, boot) or high (head and elbow). HIAs were most common following head-to-head impacts. The lowest propensity for tackler HIA was found when the tackler's head was in proximity with the ball carrier's torso.
    Conclusions: The result of this study replicated the findings in professional rugby union. This has implications for the injury prevention initiatives implemented to reduce HIA risk because the majority of injuries are sustained by the tackler.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809942-4
    ISSN 2198-9761 ; 2199-1170
    ISSN (online) 2198-9761
    ISSN 2199-1170
    DOI 10.1186/s40798-021-00377-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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