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Article ; Online: The Field Epidemiology Training Program's Contribution to Essential Public Health Functions in Seven National Public Health Institutes.

Cui, Angelina / Hamdani, Sakina / Woldetsadik, Mahlet A / Clerville, Jacques W / Hu, Audrey / Abedi, Aisha A / Bratton, Shelly / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M

International journal of public health

2023 Volume 68, Page(s) 1606191

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; Public Health ; Disease Outbreaks ; Cambodia ; Colombia ; Leadership
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274130-6
ISSN	1661-8564 ; 1661-8556
ISSN (online)	1661-8564
ISSN	1661-8556
DOI	10.3389/ijph.2023.1606191
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Ethiopia's field epidemiology training program - frontline: perspectives of implementing partners.

Kebebew, Tolcha / Woldetsadik, Mahlet A / Barker, Jordan / Cui, Angelina / Abedi, Aisha A / Sugerman, David E / Williams, Desmond E / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Takele, Tariku / Zeynu, Neima

BMC health services research

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 406

Abstract: Background: Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) has been adopted as an epidemiology and response capacity building strategy worldwide. FETP-Frontline was introduced in Ethiopia in 2017 as a three-month in-service training. In this study, we ... ...

Abstract	Background: Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) has been adopted as an epidemiology and response capacity building strategy worldwide. FETP-Frontline was introduced in Ethiopia in 2017 as a three-month in-service training. In this study, we evaluated implementing partners' perspectives with the aim of understanding program effectiveness and identifying challenges and recommendations for improvement. Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional design was utilized to evaluate Ethiopia's FETP-Frontline. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, qualitative data were collected from FETP-Frontline implementing partners, including regional, zonal, and district health offices across Ethiopia. We collected data through in-person key informant interviews, using semi-structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis was conducted, assisted with MAXQDA, while ensuring interrater reliability by using the consistent application of theme categorization. The major themes that emerged were program effectiveness, knowledge and skills differences between trained and untrained officers, program challenges, and recommended actions for improvement. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants, and confidentiality of the data was maintained throughout. Results: A total of 41 interviews were conducted with key informants from FETP-Frontline implementing partners. The regional and zonal level experts and mentors had a Master of Public Health (MPH), whereas district health managers were Bachelor of Science (BSc) holders. Majority of the respondents reflected a positive perception towards FETP-Frontline. Regional and zonal officers as well as mentors mentioned that there were observable performance differences between trained and untrained district surveillance officers. They also identified various challenges including lack of resources for transportation, budget constraints for field projects, inadequate mentorship, high staff turnover, limited number of staff at the district level, lack of continued support from stakeholders, and the need for refresher training for FETP-Frontline graduates. Conclusions: Implementing partners reflected a positive perception towards FETP-Frontline in Ethiopia. In addition to scaling-up the program to reach all districts to achieve the International Health Regulation 2005 goals, the program also needs to consider addressing immediate challenges, primarily lack of resources and poor mentorship. Continued monitoring of the program, refresher training, and career path development could improve retention of the trained workforce.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia ; Public Health ; Workforce ; Program Evaluation
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-023-09384-w
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Article ; Online: A comparative cross-sectional evaluation of the Field Epidemiology Training Program-Frontline in Ethiopia.

Kebebew, Tolcha / Takele, Tariku / Zeynu, Neima / Muluneh, Abraham / Habtetsion, Medhanye / Kezali, Jafer / Demelash, Sileshi / Assefa, Zewdu / Hu, Audrey E / Woldetsadik, Mahlet A / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Cassell, Cynthia H / Harris, Julie / Sugerman, David E

BMC public health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 931

Abstract: Background: The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP)-Frontline is a three-month in-service training aimed at improving surveillance officers' capacity to collect, analyze, and interpret surveillance data, and respond to health emergencies. We ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP)-Frontline is a three-month in-service training aimed at improving surveillance officers' capacity to collect, analyze, and interpret surveillance data, and respond to health emergencies. We evaluated the effectiveness of the FETP-Frontline which was introduced in Ethiopia in 2016. Methods: We conducted a comparative, randomized cross-sectional study to assess surveillance-related knowledge, skills, and performance among trained and untrained officers using a structured questionnaire and observation checklist. We compared the knowledge, skills, and performance scores of trained and untrained officers using the Fisher's Exact test, chi-square test, and t-test at p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance. Results: We conducted the study among 74 trained and 76 untrained surveillance officers. About three-quarters of all participants were male, and the average age was 34 (± 8.6) years. Completeness and timeliness of surveillance reports were significantly higher among trained than untrained surveillance officers. The trained officers were more likely to have produced epidemiologic bulletins (55% vs 33%), conducted active surveillance six months before the survey (88% vs 72%), provided surveillance training (88% vs 65%), conducted strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis (55% vs 17%), and utilized Microsoft Excel to manage surveillance data (87% vs 47%). We also observed improved surveillance officers' perceived skills and knowledge, and the availability and quality of surveillance formats and reports among the trained group. Conclusions: FETP-Frontline trained surveillance officers demonstrated better knowledge, skills, and performance in most surveillance activities compared to the untrained officers. FETP-Frontline can address competency gaps among district surveillance officers in Ethiopia and other countries. Scaling up the program to cover unreached districts can enable achieving the human resource development core capacity requirement of the International Health Regulations 2005.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Public Health/education ; Workforce
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-13326-2
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Article ; Online: One Field Epidemiologist per 200,000 Population: Lessons Learned from Implementing a Global Public Health Workforce Target.

Williams, Seymour G / Fontaine, Robert E / Turcios Ruiz, Reina M / Walke, Henry / Ijaz, Kashef / Baggett, Henry C

Health security

2020 Volume 18, Issue S1, Page(s) S113–S118

Abstract: The World Health Organization monitoring and evaluation framework for the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) describes the targets for the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) indicators. For workforce development, the JEE defines the optimal target ...

Abstract	The World Health Organization monitoring and evaluation framework for the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005) describes the targets for the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) indicators. For workforce development, the JEE defines the optimal target for attaining and complying with the IHR (2005) as 1 trained field epidemiologist (or equivalent) per 200,000 population. We explain the derivation and use of the current field epidemiology workforce development target and identify the limitations and lessons learned in applying it to various countries' public health systems. This article also proposes a way forward for improvements and implementation of this workforce development target.
MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Epidemiologists ; Global Health ; Health Workforce/standards ; Humans ; International Health Regulations ; Public Health Administration
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2823049-8
ISSN	2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
ISSN (online)	2326-5108
ISSN	2326-5094
DOI	10.1089/hs.2019.0119
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Book ; Article ; Online: Patterns and predictors of current cigarette smoking in women and men of reproductive age-Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras

Tong, Van T / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Dietz, Patricia M / England, Lucinda J

2015

Keywords	Smoking ; Women ; Men ; Sexual and reproductive health ; Pregnancy ; Ecuador ; El Salvador ; Guatemala ; Honduras ; Tabaquismo ; Mujeres ; Hombres ; Salud sexual y reproductiva ; Embarazo ; Hábito de Fumar ; Prevalência ; Distribuição por Sexo
Publishing date	2015-08-25T14:55:41Z
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Patterns and predictors of current cigarette smoking in women and men of reproductive age-Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras.

Tong, Van T / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Dietz, Patricia M / England, Lucinda J

Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health

2011 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 240–247

Abstract: Objective: To estimate smoking prevalence by gender, describe patterns of cigarette use, and identify predictors of current smoking in reproductive-age adults in four Latin American countries.: Methods: Self-reported smoking was examined using data ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To estimate smoking prevalence by gender, describe patterns of cigarette use, and identify predictors of current smoking in reproductive-age adults in four Latin American countries. Methods: Self-reported smoking was examined using data from Reproductive Health Surveys of women aged 15-49 years in Ecuador (2004), El Salvador (2002-2003), Guatemala (2002), and Honduras (2001), and of men aged 15-59 years in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras for the same years. Current smoking was assessed by demographic characteristics, and independent associations were examined using logistic regression. Data were weighted to be nationally representative of households with reproductive-age women and men. Results: Current smoking prevalence ranged from 2.6% (Guatemala) to 13.1% (Ecuador) for women and from 23.1% (Guatemala) to 34.9% (El Salvador) for men. In Ecuador, 67.6% of female smokers were non-daily users; in other countries, daily use was more prevalent than non-daily use for both men and women. In daily users, the median number of cigarettes smoked per day ranged from 1.9 (Ecuador, Honduras) to 2.3 (Guatemala) for women and from 2.1 (Guatemala) to 3.6 (Honduras) for men. In bivariate analysis, smoking prevalence in all countries was highest in women who lived in urban areas, were previously married, and/or had high socioeconomic status. Risk factors for smoking varied by country and gender. Conclusions: National tobacco control programs in these countries should aggressively target high-risk populations (reproductive-age men) and maintain low prevalence in low-risk populations (reproductive-age women). More research is needed to understand addiction patterns in non-daily smokers.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Ecuador/epidemiology ; El Salvador/epidemiology ; Female ; Guatemala/epidemiology ; Honduras/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1376934-0
ISSN	1680-5348 ; 1020-4989
ISSN (online)	1680-5348
ISSN	1020-4989
DOI	10.1590/s1020-49892011000900008
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Article ; Online: Outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis caused by norovirus in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Axelrod, Peter / St John, Keith / Bullitt, Esther / Donahue, Joan / Robinson, Nancy / Friss, Helena E

The Journal of pediatrics

2008 Volume 153, Issue 3, Page(s) 339–344

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to identify the etiology, describe illness risk factors, and develop control measures.: Study design: A retrospective case-control ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To investigate an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to identify the etiology, describe illness risk factors, and develop control measures. Study design: A retrospective case-control study was performed including newborns with NEC and newborns without NEC, examining demographic factors and exposures to medications, staff members, and procedures before illness. Stool samples from affected newborns were collected and tested for bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Results: We confirmed a NEC outbreak in the NICU in January 1998 with 8 cases, including 2 deaths, clustered in time and space. Norovirus-like particles were identified in all available stools from cases; norovirus (NoV) was confirmed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in 4 of 6 samples. NEC cases were younger, had lower Apgar scores, and received antibiotics longer than 25 control subjects. Three NICU health care personnel had more contact with cases than control subjects; 1 staff member recalled having gastroenteritis symptoms around the time of the outbreak. Conclusions: This report associates NoV with NEC. NoV appeared to precipitate NEC in predisposed infants. Spatial clustering and epidemiologic links between cases and a health care worker with gastroenteritis suggests that NoV should be investigated among the etiologies of NEC outbreaks and that interventions targeted to interruption of NoV transmission should be considered.
MeSH term(s)	Cross Infection/epidemiology ; Cross Infection/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/epidemiology ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/virology ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/statistics & numerical data ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Norovirus/genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-06-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3102-1
ISSN	1097-6833 ; 0022-3476
ISSN (online)	1097-6833
ISSN	0022-3476
DOI	10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.04.015
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Article ; Online: Anthrax cases in pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review.

Meaney-Delman, Dana / Zotti, Marianne E / Rasmussen, Sonja A / Strasser, Sheryl / Shadomy, Sean / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Wendel, George D / Treadwell, Tracee A / Jamieson, Denise J

Obstetrics and gynecology

2012 Volume 120, Issue 6, Page(s) 1439–1449

Abstract: Objective: To describe the worldwide experience of Bacillus anthracis infection reported in pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women.: Data sources: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Global Health databases from ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe the worldwide experience of Bacillus anthracis infection reported in pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women. Data sources: Studies were identified through MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Global Health databases from inception until May 2012. The key words (["anthrax" or "anthracis"] and ["pregna" or "matern" or "postpartum" or "puerperal" or "lact" or "breastfed" or "breastfeed" or "fetal" or "fetus" or "neonate" or "newborn" or "abort" or "uterus"]) were used. Additionally, all references from selected articles were reviewed, hand searches were conducted, and relevant authors were contacted. Methods of study selection: The inclusion criteria were: published articles referring to women diagnosed with an infection due to exposure to B anthracis during pregnancy, the postpartum period, or during lactation; any article type reporting patient-specific data; articles in any language; and nonduplicate cases. Non-English articles were professionally translated. Duplicate reports, unpublished reports, and review articles depicting previously identified cases were excluded. Tabulation, integration, and results: Two authors independently reviewed articles for inclusion. The primary search of the four databases yielded 1,340 articles, and the secondary crossreference search revealed 146 articles. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. In total, 20 cases of B anthracis infection were found, 17 in pregnant women, two in postpartum women, and one case in a lactating woman. Among these reports, 16 women died and 12 fetal or neonatal losses were reported. Of these fatal cases, most predated the advent of antibiotics. Conclusions: Based on these case reports, B anthracis infection in pregnant and postpartum women is associated with high rates of maternal and fetal death. Evidence of possible maternal-fetal transmission of B anthracis infection was identified in early case reports.
MeSH term(s)	Anthrax/drug therapy ; Anthrax/epidemiology ; Anthrax/transmission ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacillus anthracis/drug effects ; Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification ; Breast Feeding ; Female ; Fetal Death/epidemiology ; Fetal Death/microbiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lactation ; Maternal Death/statistics & numerical data ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-10-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	207330-4
ISSN	1873-233X ; 0029-7844
ISSN (online)	1873-233X
ISSN	0029-7844
DOI	http://10.1097/AOG.0b013e318270ec08
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Book ; Article ; Online: Outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis with high mortality, Nicaragua, 2005

Amador, Juan José / Vicari, Andrea / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Melendez D., Ana Christian / Malek, Mark / Michel, Fabiana / Aldighieri, Sylvain / Kerin, Tara / Bresee, Joseph S / Glass, Roger I / Andrus, Jon K

2015

Keywords	Rotavirus ; Gastroenteritis ; Epidemiology ; Rotavirus vaccines ; Nicaragua ; Epidemiología ; Vacunas contra Rotavirus ; Surtos de Doenças ; Gastroenterite ; Infecções por Rotavirus ; Estudos de Casos e Controles ; Nicarágua
Publishing date	2015-08-25T14:56:58Z
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Burden of diarrhea among children in Honduras, 2000-2004

Solórzano Girón, José Orlando / Molina, Ida Berenice / Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M / Quiroz Mejia, Claudia E / Amendola, Luis Miguel / Oliveira, Lucia Helena de / Andrus, Jon K / Stupp, Paul W / Bresee, Joseph S / Glass, Roger I

estimates of the role of rotavirus

2015

Keywords	Diarreia ; Infecções por Rotavirus ; Honduras
Publishing date	2015-08-25T14:52:13Z
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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