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Article ; Online: Coming full circle: a critical review of the historical changes in governance, nutrition and food security of Labrador Inuit between 1500 and 2005

Bowers, Renee / Turner, Gail / Graham, Ian D. / Furgal, Chris / Dubois, Lise

Food, Culture & Society. 2023 May 27, v. 26, no. 3 p.545-570

2023

Abstract: Labrador Inuit are an Indigenous People from northern Labrador, within the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Prior to European contact, Labrador Inuit were self-reliant. However, historical relationships with Christian missionaries, the ... ...

Abstract	Labrador Inuit are an Indigenous People from northern Labrador, within the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Prior to European contact, Labrador Inuit were self-reliant. However, historical relationships with Christian missionaries, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, and the Government of Canada impacted their relationship with food, access to food, and the physical and social health of Labrador Inuit. This review is based on the stages of colonization. It uses a critical dietetics lens to examine the extrinsic causes of nutrition and food security issues that resulted from colonization, and describes the interventions implemented to address them. Moreover, the review shows the resilience and adaptability of Labrador Inuit as they came full circle from self-sufficient Labrador Inuit in the 1500s, to sign the first Inuit land claim agreement in Canada and form the Nunatsiavut Government in 2005.
Keywords	Inuit ; dietetics ; food security ; governance ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Labrador Inuit ; nutrition ; policy ; colonization
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0527
Size	p. 545-570.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2240542-2
ISSN	1751-7443 ; 1552-8014
ISSN (online)	1751-7443
ISSN	1552-8014
DOI	10.1080/15528014.2021.2025311
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Piecing together the Labrador Inuit food security policy puzzle in Nunatsiavut, Labrador (Canada): a scoping review.

Bowers, Renee / Turner, Gail / Graham, Ian D / Furgal, Chris / Dubois, Lise

International journal of circumpolar health

2020 Volume 79, Issue 1, Page(s) 1799676

Abstract: Inuit in Canada experience greater social and economic inequities than the general Canadian population. Food security exemplifies this inequity and is a distinct determinant of Inuit health. This scoping review focuses on food security-related policies ... ...

Abstract	Inuit in Canada experience greater social and economic inequities than the general Canadian population. Food security exemplifies this inequity and is a distinct determinant of Inuit health. This scoping review focuses on food security-related policies implemented in Nunatsiavut, located in Northern Labrador. The primary objective was to identify the range of existing policies that pertain to food security in Nunatsiavut. The secondary objective was to complete a directed content analysis to map each policy against the applicable dimension of food security. This scoping review followed the Johanna Briggs methodology. The search strategy included the databases: Medline (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid), CINAHL, and Scopus, and a hand search of the relevant journals, conference abstracts and grey literature. This search was undertaken from April 2019 - October 2019. A content analysis mapped each policy against the applicable dimension of food security.
MeSH term(s)	Arctic Regions ; Food Security ; Government Programs/organization & administration ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Inuits ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Social Determinants of Health ; Socioeconomic Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	1386707-6
ISSN	2242-3982 ; 1239-9736
ISSN (online)	2242-3982
ISSN	1239-9736
DOI	10.1080/22423982.2020.1799676
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Article ; Online: Piecing together the Inuit food security policy puzzle in Nunatsiavut, Labrador (Canada): protocol for a scoping review.

Bowers, Renee / Turner, Gail / Graham, Ian D / Furgal, Chris / Dubois, Lise

BMJ open

2019 Volume 9, Issue 11, Page(s) e032601

Abstract: Introduction: Inuit Nunangat is the Inuit homeland in Canada. It is comprised of four Inuit regions. Inuit residing in these areas experience greater social and economic inequities than the general Canadian population. Food security exemplifies this ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Inuit Nunangat is the Inuit homeland in Canada. It is comprised of four Inuit regions. Inuit residing in these areas experience greater social and economic inequities than the general Canadian population. Food security exemplifies this inequity and is a distinct determinant of Inuit health. Policy can play an integral role in health equity. However, demonstrating this role can be a complex task, especially when there are both national and regionally specific policies pertaining to each of the Inuit regions. This scoping review will focus on Nunatsiavut, located in northern Labrador. This region is situated within a complex policy space due to the national, provincial and regional governance structures, geographical location and the breadth of factors pertaining to food security. This scoping review aims to identify the range of policies pertaining to food security in Nunatsiavut and complete a directed content analysis to code each policy against the applicable dimension of food security. Methods and analysis: The researchers will conduct a search strategy on the following four databases: MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), CINHAL and Scopus. A hand search of the relevant journals, conference abstracts and grey literature will be completed from April to October 2019. The following parameters will be extracted: a description of the policy, the organisation/institution that developed the policy, the definition of food security used or implied, and any stated intended targets or outcomes. The results will be compiled in a tabular form. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The findings from this scoping review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and public presentations. The results of this scoping review will be validated by a Nunatsiavut Government Advisory Group.
MeSH term(s)	Food Supply ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Inuit ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Nutrition Policy ; Systematic Reviews as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032601
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Improving comprehension in adolescents with severe receptive language impairments: a randomized control trial of intervention for coordinating conjunctions.

Ebbels, Susan H / Marić, Nataša / Murphy, Aoife / Turner, Gail

International journal of language & communication disorders

2014 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 30–48

Abstract: Background: Little evidence exists for the effectiveness of therapy for children with receptive language difficulties, particularly those whose difficulties are severe and persistent.: Aims: To establish the effectiveness of explicit speech and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Little evidence exists for the effectiveness of therapy for children with receptive language difficulties, particularly those whose difficulties are severe and persistent. Aims: To establish the effectiveness of explicit speech and language therapy with visual support for secondary school-aged children with language impairments focusing on comprehension of coordinating conjunctions in a randomized control trial with an assessor blind to group status. Methods & procedures: Fourteen participants (aged 11;3-16;1) with severe RELI (mean standard scores: CELF4 ELS = 48, CELF4 RLS = 53 and TROG-2 = 57), but higher non-verbal (Matrices = 83) and visual perceptual skills (Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS) = 86) were randomly assigned to two groups: therapy versus waiting controls. In Phase 1, the therapy group received eight 30-min individual sessions of explicit teaching with visual support (Shape Coding) with their usual SLT. In Phase 2, the waiting controls received the same therapy. The participants' comprehension was tested pre-, post-Phase 1 and post-Phase 2 therapy on (1) a specific test of the targeted conjunctions, (2) the TROG-2 and (3) a test of passives. Outcomes & results: After Phase 1, the therapy group showed significantly more progress than the waiting controls on the targeted conjunctions (d = 1.6) and overall TROG-2 standard score (d = 1.4). The two groups did not differ on the passives test. After Phase 2, the waiting controls made similar progress to those in the original therapy group, who maintained their previous progress. Neither group showed progress on passives. When the two groups were combined, significant progress was found on the specific conjunctions (d = 1.3) and TROG-2 raw (d = 1.1) and standard scores (d = 0.9). Correlations showed no measures taken (including Matrices and TVPS) correlated significantly with progress on the targeted conjunctions or the TROG-2. Conclusions & implications: Four hours of Shape Coding therapy led to significant gains on comprehension of coordinating conjunctions which were maintained after 4 months. Given the significant progress at a group level and the lack of reliable predictors of progress, this approach could be offered to other children with similar difficulties to the participants. However, the intervention was delivered one-to-one by speech and language therapists, thus the effectiveness of this therapy method with other methods of delivery remains to be evaluated.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child Language ; Communication Disorders/rehabilitation ; Communication Disorders/therapy ; Comprehension ; Cross-Over Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders/rehabilitation ; Language Development Disorders/therapy ; Language Tests ; Language Therapy/methods ; Male ; Semantics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Single-Blind Method ; Speech Therapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Vocabulary
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1415919-3
ISSN	1460-6984 ; 1368-2822
ISSN (online)	1460-6984
ISSN	1368-2822
DOI	10.1111/1460-6984.12047
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Article ; Online: The use of remote presence for health care delivery in a northern Inuit community: a feasibility study.

Mendez, Ivar / Jong, Michael / Keays-White, Debra / Turner, Gail

International journal of circumpolar health

2013 Volume 72

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of remote presence for improving the health of residents in a remote northern Inuit community.: Study design: A pilot study assessed patient's, nurse's and physician's satisfaction with and the use of the remote ...

Abstract	Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of remote presence for improving the health of residents in a remote northern Inuit community. Study design: A pilot study assessed patient's, nurse's and physician's satisfaction with and the use of the remote presence technology aiding delivery of health care to a remote community. A preliminary cost analysis of this technology was also performed. Methods: This study deployed a remote presence RP-7 robot to the isolated Inuit community of Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador for 15 months. The RP-7 is wirelessly controlled by a laptop computer equipped with audiovisual capability and a joystick to maneuver the robot in real time to aid in the assessing and care of patients from a distant location. Qualitative data on physician's, patient's, caregiver's and staff's satisfaction were collected as well as information on its use and characteristics and the number of air transports required to the referral center and associated costs. Results: A total of 252 remote presence sessions occurred during the study period, with 89% of the sessions involving direct patient assessment or monitoring. Air transport was required in only 40% of the cases that would have been otherwise transported normally. Patients and their caregivers, nurses and physicians all expressed a high level of satisfaction with the remote presence technology and deemed it beneficial for improved patient care, workloads and job satisfaction. Conclusions: These results show the feasibility of deploying a remote presence robot in a distant northern community and a high degree of satisfaction with the technology. Remote presence in the Canadian North has potential for delivering a cost-effective health care solution to underserviced communities reducing the need for the transport of patients and caregivers to distant referral centers.
MeSH term(s)	Attitude of Health Personnel ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Inuit ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Nurses/psychology ; Physicians/psychology ; Robotics/methods ; Rural Health Services/economics ; Telemedicine/economics ; Telemedicine/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-08-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1386707-6
ISSN	2242-3982 ; 1239-9736
ISSN (online)	2242-3982
ISSN	1239-9736
DOI	10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21112
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of semantic therapy for word-finding difficulties in pupils with persistent language impairments: a randomized control trial.

Ebbels, Susan H / Nicoll, Hilary / Clark, Becky / Eachus, Beth / Gallagher, Aoife L / Horniman, Karen / Jennings, Mary / McEvoy, Kate / Nimmo, Liz / Turner, Gail

International journal of language & communication disorders

2012 Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 35–51

Abstract: Background: Word-finding difficulties (WFDs) in children have been hypothesized to be caused at least partly by poor semantic knowledge. Therefore, improving semantic knowledge should decrease word-finding errors. Previous studies of semantic therapy ... ...

Abstract	Background: Word-finding difficulties (WFDs) in children have been hypothesized to be caused at least partly by poor semantic knowledge. Therefore, improving semantic knowledge should decrease word-finding errors. Previous studies of semantic therapy for WFDs are inconclusive. Aims: To investigate the effectiveness of semantic therapy for secondary school-aged pupils with WFDs using a randomized control trial with blind assessment. Methods & procedures: Fifteen participants with language impairments and WFDs (aged 9;11-15;11) were randomly assigned to a therapy versus waiting control group. In Phase 1 the therapy group received two 15-min semantic therapy sessions per week for 8 weeks with their usual speech and language therapist. Therapy for each participant targeted words from one of three semantic categories (animals, food, clothes). All participants were tested pre- and post-phase 1 therapy on the brief version of the Test of Adolescent Word Finding (TAWF), semantic fluency and the Test of Word Finding in Discourse (TWFD). In Phase 2 the waiting control group received the same therapy as the original therapy group, which received therapy targeted at other language areas. Testing after Phase 2 aimed to establish whether the waiting control group made similar progress to the original therapy group and whether the original therapy group maintained any gains. Outcomes & results: The original therapy group made significant progress in standard scores on the TAWF (d= 0.94), which was maintained 5 months later. However, they made no progress on the semantic fluency or discourse tests. Participants in the waiting control group did not make significant progress on the TAWF in Phase 1 when they received no word-finding therapy. However, after Phase 2, when they received the therapy, they also made significant progress (d= 0.81). The combined effect of therapy over the two groups was d= 1.2. The mean standard scores on the TAWF were 67 pre-therapy and 77 post-therapy. Conclusions & implications: Four hours of semantic therapy on discrete semantic categories led to significant gains on a general standardized test of word finding, enabling the participants to begin to close the gap between their performance and that of their typically developing peers. These gains were maintained after 5 months. A small amount of therapy can lead to significant gains even with secondary aged pupils with severe language difficulties. However, further studies are needed to find ways of improving word-finding abilities in discourse.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders/rehabilitation ; Language Therapy/methods ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Phonetics ; Semantics ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome ; Vocabulary
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1415919-3
ISSN	1460-6984 ; 1368-2822
ISSN (online)	1460-6984
ISSN	1368-2822
DOI	10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00073.x
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Article: The effect of personal relevance on learning stroke symptoms/response.

McDonald, Deborah / Monaco, Alysia / Guo, Ruomei / Fiano, Jenelle / Matney, Laurie / Turner, Gail / Jubinville, Nancy / Chilicki, Carmenrosa / Davino, Tammy / Eaton, Cheryl / Macgillis, Rachel / Ouellette, Peter / Lazar, Joan / Rose, Heidi / Taboada, Susan

Western journal of nursing research

2009 Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 141–152

Abstract: The aim of this study was to test the effect of increasing the personal relevance of stroke symptom information on learning stroke symptoms/emergency response. A randomized pretest-posttest double-blind study design was used. A total of 173 community- ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to test the effect of increasing the personal relevance of stroke symptom information on learning stroke symptoms/emergency response. A randomized pretest-posttest double-blind study design was used. A total of 173 community-dwelling adults participated. Treatment participants read the personally relevant statement, "Learn about stroke to save someone you love," completed the Stroke Action Test pretest, read the National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke pamphlet titled Know Stroke. Know the Signs. Act in Time, and responded to the Stroke Action Test posttest. The control condition differed only in the omission of the personally relevant statement. The treatment group learned significantly more than the control group, F(1, 170) = 7.46, p < .007, eta2 = .02. The mean items learned by the treatment group was 8.3 (SD = 5.67) compared to the control group mean of 6.2 (SD = 5.76). Prefacing stroke prevention information with the statement, "Learn about stroke to save someone you love," could result in greater learning of stroke symptoms/response.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke/prevention & control ; Teaching/methods ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	632788-6
ISSN	0193-9459
ISSN	0193-9459
DOI	10.1177/0193945908324265
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Article: Health professionals working with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis consensus guideline.

Wilson, Don / de la Ronde, Sandra / Brascoupé, Simon / Apale, Alisha Nicole / Barney, Lucy / Guthrie, Bing / Harrold, Elizabeth / Horn, Ojistoh / Johnson, Robin / Rattray, Darrien / Robinson, Nicole / Alainga-Kango, Natsiq / Becker, Gisela / Senikas, Vyta / Aningmiuq, Annie / Bailey, Geri / Birch, Darlene / Cook, Katsi / Danforth, Jessica /

Daoust, Mary / Kitty, Darlene / Koebel, Jaime / Kornelsen, Judith / Tsatsa Kotwas, Ndakaitedzva / Lawrence, Audrey / Mudry, Amanda / Turner, Gail Theresa / Van Wagner, Vicki / Vides, Eduardo / Wasekeesikaw, Fjola Hart / Wolfe, Sara

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC

2013 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 550–558

Abstract: Objective: Our aim is to provide health care professionals in Canada with the knowledge and tools to provide culturally safe care to First Nations, Inuit, and Métis women and through them, to their families, in order to improve the health of First ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Our aim is to provide health care professionals in Canada with the knowledge and tools to provide culturally safe care to First Nations, Inuit, and Métis women and through them, to their families, in order to improve the health of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. Evidence: Published literature was retrieved through searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, and The Cochrane Library in 2011 using appropriate controlled vocabulary (e.g.,cultural competency, health services, indigenous, transcultural nursing) and key words (e.g., indigenous health services, transcultural health care, cultural safety). Targeted searches on subtopics (e.g., ceremonial rites and sexual coming of age) were also performed. The PubMed search was restricted to the years 2005 and later because of the large number of records retrieved on this topic. Searches were updated on a regular basis and incorporated in the guideline to May 2012. Grey (unpublished) literature was identified through searching the websites of selected related agencies (e.g., Campbell Collaboration, Social Care Online, Institute for Healthcare Improvement). Values: The quality of evidence in this document was rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task force on Preventive Health Care (Table).
MeSH term(s)	Canada ; Female ; Health Personnel ; Health Services, Indigenous ; Humans ; Inuits
Language	French
Publishing date	2013-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Consensus Development Conference ; Journal Article ; Practice Guideline ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2171082-X
ISSN	1701-2163
ISSN	1701-2163
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