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  1. Article ; Online: Respiratory failure alone does not suggest central nervous system invasion by SARS-CoV-2.

    Turtle, Lance

    Journal of medical virology

    2020  Volume 92, Issue 7, Page(s) 705–706

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Central Nervous System/physiopathology ; Central Nervous System/virology ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Humans ; Lung/physiopathology ; Lung/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Respiration, Artificial/methods ; Respiratory Insufficiency/complications ; Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis ; Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology ; Respiratory Insufficiency/prevention & control ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.25828
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine against mpox in children.

    Turtle, Lance / Subramaniam, Krishanthi

    The Lancet. Infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) 989–990

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Vaccinia/prevention & control ; Mpox (monkeypox) ; Vaccinia virus ; Smallpox Vaccine
    Chemical Substances Smallpox Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2061641-7
    ISSN 1474-4457 ; 1473-3099
    ISSN (online) 1474-4457
    ISSN 1473-3099
    DOI 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00345-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Respiratory failure alone does not suggest central nervous system invasion by SARS‐CoV‐2

    Turtle, Lance

    Journal of Medical Virology

    2020  Volume 92, Issue 7, Page(s) 705–706

    Keywords Virology ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.25828
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Exposed seronegative: Cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of seroconversion.

    Jay, Cecilia / Ratcliff, Jeremy / Turtle, Lance / Goulder, Philip / Klenerman, Paul

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1092910

    Abstract: The factors determining whether infection will occur following exposure to SARS-CoV-2 remain elusive. Certain SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals mount a specific T-cell response but fail to seroconvert, representing a population that may provide further ... ...

    Abstract The factors determining whether infection will occur following exposure to SARS-CoV-2 remain elusive. Certain SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals mount a specific T-cell response but fail to seroconvert, representing a population that may provide further clarity on the nature of infection susceptibility and correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2. Exposed seronegative individuals have been reported in patients exposed to the blood-borne pathogens Human Immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C virus and the sexually transmitted viruses Hepatitis B virus and Herpes Simplex virus. By comparing the quality of seronegative T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 with seronegative cellular immunity to these highly divergent viruses, common patterns emerge that offer insights on the role of cellular immunity against infection. For both SARS-CoV-2 and Hepatitis C, T-cell responses in exposed seronegatives are consistently higher than in unexposed individuals, but lower than in infected, seropositive patients. Durability of T-cell responses to Hepatitis C is dependent upon repeated exposure to antigen - single exposures do not generate long-lived memory T-cells. Finally, exposure to SARS-CoV-2 induces varying degrees of immune activation, suggesting that exposed seronegative individuals represent points on a spectrum rather than a discrete group. Together, these findings paint a complex landscape of the nature of infection but provide clues as to what may be protective early on in SARS-CoV-2 disease course. Further research on this phenomenon, particularly through cohort studies, is warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroconversion ; COVID-19 ; Immunity, Cellular ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1092910
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Japanese encephalitis - the prospects for new treatments.

    Turtle, Lance / Solomon, Tom

    Nature reviews. Neurology

    2018  Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) 298–313

    Abstract: Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in Asia and is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus. Although many flaviviruses can cause encephalitis, JEV causes particularly severe neurological ... ...

    Abstract Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in Asia and is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the genus Flavivirus. Although many flaviviruses can cause encephalitis, JEV causes particularly severe neurological manifestations. The virus causes loss of more disability-adjusted life years than any other arthropod-borne virus owing to the frequent neurological sequelae of the condition. Despite substantial advances in our understanding of Japanese encephalitis from in vitro studies and animal models, studies of pathogenesis and treatment in humans are lagging behind. Few mechanistic studies have been conducted in humans, and only four clinical trials of therapies for Japanese encephalitis have taken place in the past 10 years despite an estimated incidence of 69,000 cases per year. Previous trials for Japanese encephalitis might have been too small to detect important benefits of potential treatments. Many potential treatment targets exist for Japanese encephalitis, and pathogenesis and virological studies have uncovered mechanisms by which these drugs could work. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of Japanese encephalitis and focus on potential new therapeutic strategies, based on repurposing existing compounds that are already suitable for human use and could be trialled without delay. We use our newly improved understanding of Japanese encephalitis pathogenesis to posit potential treatments and outline some of the many challenges that remain in tackling the disease in humans.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics ; Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology ; Encephalitis, Japanese/physiopathology ; Encephalitis, Japanese/therapy ; Encephalitis, Japanese/virology ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2491514-2
    ISSN 1759-4766 ; 1759-4758
    ISSN (online) 1759-4766
    ISSN 1759-4758
    DOI 10.1038/nrneurol.2018.30
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Methods of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation.

    Anderson, Enyia R / Prince, Tessa / Turtle, Lance / Hughes, Grant L / Patterson, Edward I

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2022  Volume 2452, Page(s) 465–473

    Abstract: Inactivation methods allow for hazard group 3 (HG3) pathogens to be disposed of and used safely in downstream experiments and assays to be carried out at lower containment levels. Commonly used viral inactivation methods include heat inactivation, ... ...

    Abstract Inactivation methods allow for hazard group 3 (HG3) pathogens to be disposed of and used safely in downstream experiments and assays to be carried out at lower containment levels. Commonly used viral inactivation methods include heat inactivation, fixation methods, ultraviolet (UV) light and detergent inactivation. Here we describe known methods used to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 for safe downstream biological assays.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19 ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vero Cells ; Virus Inactivation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-2111-0_25
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: A systematic review of brain imaging findings in neurological infection with Japanese encephalitis virus compared with Dengue virus.

    Pichl, Thomas / Wedderburn, Catherine J / Hoskote, Chandrashekar / Turtle, Lance / Bharucha, Tehmina

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2022  Volume 119, Page(s) 102–110

    Abstract: Objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DENV) represent important causes of encephalitis in Asia. Brain imaging may provide diagnostic clues about the etiology of infectious encephalitis. We performed a systematic review of brain ...

    Abstract Objectives: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus (DENV) represent important causes of encephalitis in Asia. Brain imaging may provide diagnostic clues about the etiology of infectious encephalitis. We performed a systematic review of brain imaging findings in Japanese encephalitis (JE) and DENV neurological infection (dengue) to identify characteristic lesions.
    Methodology: Five databases were searched. We included all study types and imaging techniques. Laboratory methods were categorized using diagnostic confidence levels. Imaging data were synthesized, and focal findings are presented as proportions for JE and dengue and for subgroups based on diagnostic confidence.
    Principal findings: Thalamic lesions were the most reported magnetic resonance imaging finding in both diseases but appeared to occur more often in JE (74% in 23 studies) than dengue (29.4% in 58 studies). In cases diagnosed with antigen or nucleic acid tests, thalamic lesions were reported frequently in both JE (76.5% in 17 studies) and dengue (65.2% in 23 studies).
    Significance: The results suggest that thalamic lesions frequently occur in both JE and dengue encephalitis. No radiological findings were found to be pathognomonic of either disease. Although brain imaging may support a diagnosis, laboratory confirmation with highly specific tests remains crucial.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; Communicable Diseases ; Dengue ; Dengue Virus ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Japanese/diagnosis ; Humans ; Neuroimaging
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-10
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Differences in Outcomes and Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cancer Compared With Those Without Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

    Khoury, Emma / Nevitt, Sarah / Madsen, William Rohde / Turtle, Lance / Davies, Gerry / Palmieri, Carlo

    JAMA network open

    2022  Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) e2210880

    Abstract: Importance: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with more severe disease and death in patients with cancer. However, the implications of certain tumor types, treatments, and the age and sex of patients with cancer for the outcomes of COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Importance: SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with more severe disease and death in patients with cancer. However, the implications of certain tumor types, treatments, and the age and sex of patients with cancer for the outcomes of COVID-19 remain unclear.
    Objective: To assess the differences in clinical outcomes between patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection and patients without cancer but with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to identify patients with cancer at particularly high risk for a poor outcome.
    Data sources: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published in English until June 14, 2021. References in these articles were reviewed for additional studies.
    Study selection: All case-control or cohort studies were included that involved 10 or more patients with malignant disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection with or without a control group (defined as patients without cancer but with SARS-CoV-2 infection). Studies were excluded if they involved fewer than 10 patients, were conference papers or abstracts, were preprint reports, had no full text, or had data that could not be obtained from the corresponding author.
    Data extraction and synthesis: Two investigators independently performed data extraction using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.
    Main outcomes and measures: The difference in mortality between patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection and control patients as well as the difference in outcomes for various tumor types and cancer treatments. Pooled case fatality rates, a random-effects model, and random-effects meta-regressions were used.
    Results: A total of 81 studies were included, involving 61 532 patients with cancer. Among 58 849 patients with available data, 30 557 male individuals (52%) were included and median age ranged from 35 to 74 years. The relative risk (RR) of mortality from COVID-19 among patients with vs without cancer when age and sex were matched was 1.69 (95% CI, 1.46-1.95; P < .001; I2 = 51.0%). The RR of mortality in patients with cancer vs control patients was associated with decreasing age (exp [b], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .03). Compared with other cancers, lung cancer (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.45-1.94; P < .001; I2 = 32.9%), and hematologic cancer (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.31-1.54; P < .001; I2 = 6.8%) were associated with a higher risk of death. Although a higher point estimate was found for genitourinary cancer (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.24; P = .06; I2 = 21.5%), the finding was not statistically significant. Breast cancer (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; P < .001; I2 = 86.2%) and gynecological cancer (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62-0.93; P = .009; I2 = 0%) were associated with a lower risk of death. Chemotherapy was associated with the highest overall pooled case fatality rate of 30% (95% CI, 25%-36%; I2 = 86.97%; range, 10%-100%), and endocrine therapy was associated with the lowest at 11% (95% CI, 6%-16%; I2 = 70.68%; range, 0%-27%).
    Conclusions and relevance: Results of this study suggest that patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher risk of death than patients without cancer. Younger age, lung cancer, and hematologic cancer were also risk factors associated with poor outcomes from COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.10880
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Flavivirus cross-reactivity would explain the apparent findings of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in Nigeria.

    Bharucha, Tehmina / Zitzmann, Nicole / Newton, Paul / Dubot-Pérès, Audrey / Turtle, Lance

    Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 4, Page(s) 463–465

    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; Cross Reactions ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese ; Encephalitis, Japanese/diagnosis ; Flavivirus ; Humans ; Nigeria
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2050610-7
    ISSN 1532-4230 ; 1532-1819
    ISSN (online) 1532-4230
    ISSN 1532-1819
    DOI 10.1080/15321819.2022.2039184
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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