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Article ; Online: Effects of the ice popsicle on vasopressin, osmolality, thirst intensity, and thirst discomfort.

Nakaya, Thammy Gonçalves / Conchon, Marilia Ferrari / Garcia, Aline Korki Arrabal / Uchôa, Ernane Torres / Fonseca, Lígia Fahl

Revista gaucha de enfermagem

2021 Volume 42, Page(s) e20190449

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effects of the ice popsicle on vasopressin, osmolality, thirst intensity, and thirst discomfort.: Method: This is a quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test study conducted in a laboratory. The sample consisted of nine healthy ...

Abstract	Objective: To analyze the effects of the ice popsicle on vasopressin, osmolality, thirst intensity, and thirst discomfort. Method: This is a quasi-experimental, pre- and post-test study conducted in a laboratory. The sample consisted of nine healthy male volunteers, who received 2% hypertonic saline solution. Results: Popsicle intake did not result in a statistically significant reduction in vasopressin levels (F=0.876 and p=0.428). However, there was a reduction in the hormonal physiological profile of vasopressin from 7.1 pg/ml to 5.8 pg/ml after the first two interventions. Osmolality concentration changed from 270.65 to 286.51 mOsm/kg, with no statistical difference (F=2.207; p=0.09). Ice popsicles significantly reduced thirst intensity (F=10.00; p=0.001) and thirst discomfort (F=10.528; p <0.001). Conclusion: There was a reduction in thirst intensity and discomfort after the use of the 20 ml ice popsicle. There was no statistical difference for vasopressin and osmolality. However, there was a reduction in the hormonal physiological profile of vasopressin during 30 minutes of intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ice ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; Thirst ; Vasopressins
Chemical Substances	Ice ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; Vasopressins (11000-17-2)
Language	Portuguese
Publishing date	2021-02-08
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2639673-7
ISSN	1983-1447 ; 1983-1447
ISSN (online)	1983-1447
ISSN	1983-1447
DOI	10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20190449
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Article ; Online: Neonatal overnutrition, but not neonatal undernutrition, disrupts CCK-induced hypophagia and neuron activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract and paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus of male Wistar rats.

Wunderlich, Ana Luiza Machado / Martins, Andressa Busetti / de Souza, Camila Franciele / Stopa, Larissa Rugila S / Monteiro, Érica Cristina A M / Aguiar, Danielly D / Guergolette, Rhauany P / Zaia, Cássia Thaïs B V / Uchôa, Ernane Torres

Brain research bulletin

2023 Volume 195, Page(s) 109–119

Abstract: Metabolic programming may be induced by reduction or enhancement of litter size, which lead to neonatal over or undernutrition, respectively. Changes in neonatal nutrition can challenge some regulatory processes in adulthood, such as the hypophagic ... ...

Abstract	Metabolic programming may be induced by reduction or enhancement of litter size, which lead to neonatal over or undernutrition, respectively. Changes in neonatal nutrition can challenge some regulatory processes in adulthood, such as the hypophagic effect of cholecystokinin (CCK). In order to investigate the effects of nutritional programming on the anorexigenic function of CCK in adulthood, pups were raised in small (SL, 3 pups per dam), normal (NL, 10 pups per dam), or large litters (LL, 16 pups per dam), and on postnatal day 60, male rats were treated with vehicle or CCK (10 µg/Kg) for the evaluation of food intake and c-Fos expression in the area postrema (AP), nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), and paraventricular (PVN), arcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMH), and dorsomedial (DMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. Overnourished rats showed increased body weight gain that was inversely correlated with neuronal activation of PaPo, VMH, and DMH neurons, whereas undernourished rats had lower body weight gain, inversely correlated with increased neuronal activation of PaPo only. SL rats showed no anorexigenic response and lower neuron activation in the NTS and PVN induced by CCK. LL exhibited preserved hypophagia and neuron activation in the AP, NTS, and PVN in response to CCK. CCK showed no effect in c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ARC, VMH, and DMH in any litter. These results indicate that anorexigenic actions, associated with neuron activation in the NTS and PVN, induced by CCK were impaired by neonatal overnutrition. However, these responses were not disrupted by neonatal undernutrition. Thus, data suggest that an excess or poor supply of nutrients during lactation display divergent effects on programming CCK satiation signaling in male adult rats.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Male ; Animals ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism ; Cholecystokinin/pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Solitary Nucleus/metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Overnutrition/metabolism ; Malnutrition ; Body Weight ; Eating
Chemical Substances	Cholecystokinin (9011-97-6) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197620-5
ISSN	1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
ISSN (online)	1873-2747
ISSN	0361-9230
DOI	10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.012
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Article ; Online: Neonatal overnutritional programming impairs the hypophagia and neuron activation induced by acute lipopolysaccharide in adult male rats.

Wunderlich, Ana Luiza / Stopa, Larissa / Martins, Andressa Busetti / de Souza, Camila Franciele / Monteiro, Érica / Aguiar, Danielly / Guergolette, Rhauany / Shishido, Polyana / Zaia, Cassia Thais / Uchoa, Ernane

Nutritional neuroscience

2023 , Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: Nutritional status during critical windows in early development can challenge metabolic functions and physiological responses to immune stress in adulthood, such as the systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was ... ...

Abstract	Nutritional status during critical windows in early development can challenge metabolic functions and physiological responses to immune stress in adulthood, such as the systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of post-natal over- and undernutrition on the anorexigenic effect of LPS and its association with neuronal activation in the brainstem and hypothalamus of male rats. Animals were raised in litters of 3 (small - SL), 10 (normal - NL), or 16 (large - LL) pups per dam. On post-natal day 60, male rats were treated with LPS (500 µg/Kg) or vehicle for the evaluation of food intake and c-Fos expression in the area postrema (AP), nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), and paraventricular (PVN), arcuate (ARC), ventromedial (VMH), and dorsomedial (DMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. SL, NL, and LL animals showed a decreased food consumption after LPS treatment. In under- and normonourished animals, peripheral LPS induced an increase in neuronal activation in the brainstem, PaV, PaMP, and ARC and a decrease in the number of c-Fos-ir neurons in the DMH. Overnourished rats showed a reduced hypophagic response, lower neuron activation in the NTS and PaMP, and no response in the DMH induced by LPS. These results indicate that early nutritional programming displays different responses to LPS, by means of neonatal overnutrition decreasing LPS-mediated anorexigenic effect and neuronal activation in the NTS and hypothalamic nuclei.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1447449-9
ISSN	1476-8305 ; 1028-415X
ISSN (online)	1476-8305
ISSN	1028-415X
DOI	10.1080/1028415X.2023.2250967
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Article: Lactation overnutrition-induced obesity impairs effects of exogenous corticosterone on energy homeostasis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rats

de Souza, Camila F. / Stopa, Larissa Rugila S. / Martins, Andressa B. / Wunderlich, Ana Luiza M. / Lopes, Gabriela Mendicelli / Zaia, Dimas A.M. / Zaia, Cassia Thaïs B.V. / de Andrade, Fábio Goulart / Leite, Cristiane Mota / Uchoa, Ernane Torres

Life sciences. 2022 Sept. 01, v. 304

2022

Abstract: Litter size reduction on the first days of life results in increased body weight and adiposity, with higher levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Obese rodents are more sensitive to the anabolic effects of glucocorticoids and less responsive to ... ...

Abstract	Litter size reduction on the first days of life results in increased body weight and adiposity, with higher levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Obese rodents are more sensitive to the anabolic effects of glucocorticoids and less responsive to glucocorticoids feedback on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study aimed to evaluate effects of the treatment with corticosterone on metabolic responses and HPA axis in adult male rats reared in small litters. From postnatal day (PND) 60 to 88, adult male rats of normal (NL- 10 pups/dam) and small (SL- 3 pups/dam) litters received oral treatment with Corticosterone (CORT-15 mg/L) in the drinking water or no treatment, composing the four experimental groups (NL-water; NL-CORT; SL-water and SL-CORT), for the evaluation of energy homeostasis and HPA axis. Male rats of SL-water group presented on PND88: glucose intolerance, higher adiposity, plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and corticosterone. SL-water animals showed increased mRNA of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary, with decreased mRNA expression of PVN mineralocorticoid receptor. NL-CORT animals presented glucose intolerance, increased body weight, food intake, total and LDL cholesterol. Glucocorticoid treatment reduced corticosterone levels and adrenal cortex thickness in NL group, associated with increased mRNA of PVN CRH and pituitary POMC, without effects on SL animals. Lactation overnutrition promotes hyperreactivity of HPA axis and reduces the responsiveness to glucocorticoids effects on energy balance and negative feedback of HPA axis in adult male rats.
Keywords	adiposity ; adrenal cortex ; adults ; corticosterone ; energy balance ; food intake ; gene expression ; glucose ; homeostasis ; lactation ; litter size ; low density lipoprotein cholesterol ; males ; mineralocorticoid receptors ; obesity ; oral administration ; overnutrition ; pro-opiomelanocortin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0901
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120721
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Glucocorticoids contribute to metabolic and liver impairments induced by lactation overnutrition in male adult rats.

de Souza, Camila F / Stopa, Larissa Rugila S / Martins, Andressa B / Wunderlich, Ana Luiza M / Lopes, Gabriela Mendicelli / de Fatima Silva, Flaviane / Komino, Ayumi Cristina Medeiros / Zaia, Dimas A M / Zaia, Cassia Thaïs B V / Lima, Fabio Bessa / Uchoa, Ernane Torres

Frontiers in physiology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1161582

Abstract: Introduction: ...

Abstract	Introduction:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2023.1161582
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Article ; Online: Lactation overnutrition-induced obesity impairs effects of exogenous corticosterone on energy homeostasis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in male rats.

de Souza, Camila F / Stopa, Larissa Rugila S / Martins, Andressa B / Wunderlich, Ana Luiza M / Lopes, Gabriela Mendicelli / Zaia, Dimas A M / Zaia, Cassia Thaïs B V / de Andrade, Fábio Goulart / Leite, Cristiane Mota / Uchoa, Ernane Torres

Life sciences

2022 Volume 304, Page(s) 120721

Abstract: Aims: Litter size reduction on the first days of life results in increased body weight and adiposity, with higher levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Obese rodents are more sensitive to the anabolic effects of glucocorticoids and less responsive to ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Litter size reduction on the first days of life results in increased body weight and adiposity, with higher levels of circulating glucocorticoids. Obese rodents are more sensitive to the anabolic effects of glucocorticoids and less responsive to glucocorticoids feedback on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study aimed to evaluate effects of the treatment with corticosterone on metabolic responses and HPA axis in adult male rats reared in small litters. Main methods: From postnatal day (PND) 60 to 88, adult male rats of normal (NL- 10 pups/dam) and small (SL- 3 pups/dam) litters received oral treatment with Corticosterone (CORT-15 mg/L) in the drinking water or no treatment, composing the four experimental groups (NL-water; NL-CORT; SL-water and SL-CORT), for the evaluation of energy homeostasis and HPA axis. Key findings: Male rats of SL-water group presented on PND88: glucose intolerance, higher adiposity, plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and corticosterone. SL-water animals showed increased mRNA of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary, with decreased mRNA expression of PVN mineralocorticoid receptor. NL-CORT animals presented glucose intolerance, increased body weight, food intake, total and LDL cholesterol. Glucocorticoid treatment reduced corticosterone levels and adrenal cortex thickness in NL group, associated with increased mRNA of PVN CRH and pituitary POMC, without effects on SL animals. Significance: Lactation overnutrition promotes hyperreactivity of HPA axis and reduces the responsiveness to glucocorticoids effects on energy balance and negative feedback of HPA axis in adult male rats.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Corticosterone ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Glucose Intolerance/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism ; Lactation ; Male ; Obesity/metabolism ; Overnutrition ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Water/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; RNA, Messenger ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1) ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (9015-71-8) ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120721
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Article ; Online: Arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus contributes to the hypophagic effect and plasma metabolic changes induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.

Martins, Andressa Busetti / Brownlow, Milene Lara / Araújo, Bruno Blanco / Garnica-Siqueira, Marcela Cristina / Zaia, Dimas Augusto Morozin / Leite, Cristiane Mota / Zaia, Cássia Thaïs Bussamra Vieira / Uchoa, Ernane Torres

Neurochemistry international

2022 Volume 155, Page(s) 105300

Abstract: The arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC) integrates circulating factors that signal energy status. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are widely distributed in the periphery and central ...

Abstract	The arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC) integrates circulating factors that signal energy status. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are widely distributed in the periphery and central nervous systems (CNS) and play important roles on energy balance. The present study aimed to investigate the responses of microinjection of VIP and PACAP in the ARC on metabolic changes and food intake. In addition, the activity of neurons in the ARC following intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of these peptides was also evaluated. Microinjection of VIP or PACAP in the ARC decreased fasting-induced hyperphagia and food intake, decreased total lipids, and increased free fatty acids plasma concentrations. VIP microinjection in the ARC induced hyperglycemia and decreased total cholesterol level; and PACAP reduced triglycerides concentration. ICV microinjection of VIP and PACAP enhanced neuronal activation in the ARC, associated with lower fasting-induced hyperphagia and plasma metabolic changes (only VIP). These results suggest that VIP and PACAP play important roles in ARC, inducing hypophagia and peripheral metabolic changes, as hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acids and decreased total lipids plasma levels.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Feeding Behavior ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Lipids/blood ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/metabolism ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/pharmacology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Lipids ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (37221-79-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283190-9
ISSN	1872-9754 ; 0197-0186
ISSN (online)	1872-9754
ISSN	0197-0186
DOI	10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105300
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Article ; Online: Restricted feeding modulates peripheral clocks and nutrient sensing pathways in rats.

Rodrigues, Luis Guilherme F / de Araujo, Leonardo D / Roa, Silvia L R / Bueno, Ana C / Uchoa, Ernane T / Antunes-Rodrigues, José / Moreira, Ayrton C / Elias, Lucila L K / de Castro, Margaret / Martins, Clarissa S

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism

2021 Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 549–561

Abstract: Objective: Feeding restriction in rats alters the oscillators in suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, and arcuate nuclei, hypothalamic areas involved in food intake. In the present study, using the same animals and experimental protocol, we aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Feeding restriction in rats alters the oscillators in suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, and arcuate nuclei, hypothalamic areas involved in food intake. In the present study, using the same animals and experimental protocol, we aimed to analyze if food restriction could reset clock genes ( Methods: Rats were grouped according to food access: Control group (CG, food Results: In the liver, the expression pattern of Conclusion: Feeding restriction reset clock genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism through nutrient-sensing-related genes in rat liver, brown, and peri-epididymal adipose tissues.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Hypothalamus ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Nutrients ; Rats
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-29
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2359-4292
ISSN (online)	2359-4292
DOI	10.20945/2359-3997000000407
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Article ; Online: Adrenalectomy impairs insulin-induced hypophagia and related hypothalamic changes.

Uchoa, Ernane Torres / Marangon, Paula Beatriz / Rorato, Rodrigo / Ruginsk, Silvia Graciela / Debarba, Lucas Kniess / Antunes-Rodrigues, Jose / Elias, Lucila L K

The Journal of endocrinology

2019 Volume 242, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–138

Abstract: Adrenalectomy (ADX) induces hypophagia and glucocorticoids counter-regulate the peripheral metabolic effects of insulin. This study evaluated the effects of ADX on ICV (lateral ventricle) injection of insulin-induced changes on food intake, mRNA ... ...

Abstract	Adrenalectomy (ADX) induces hypophagia and glucocorticoids counter-regulate the peripheral metabolic effects of insulin. This study evaluated the effects of ADX on ICV (lateral ventricle) injection of insulin-induced changes on food intake, mRNA expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides (insulin receptor (InsR), proopiomelanocortin, cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart), agouti-related protein, neuropeptide Y (Npy) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), corticotrophin-releasing factor in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus) and hypothalamic protein content of insulin signaling-related molecules (insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1, protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) and T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP)) Compared with sham animals, ADX increased the hypothalamic content of pJNK/JNK, PTP1B and TCPTP, as well as decreased mRNA expression of InsR, and corticosterone (B) treatment reversed these effects. Insulin central injection enhanced hypothalamic content of pAKT/AKT and Cart mRNA expression, decreased Npy mRNA expression and food intake only in sham rats, without effects in ADX and ADX + B rats. Insulin did not alter the hypothalamic phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in the three experimental groups. These data demonstrate that ADX reduces the expression of InsR and increases insulin counter-regulators in the hypothalamus, as well as ADX abolishes hypophagia, activation of hypothalamic AKT pathway and changes in Cart and Npy mRNA expression in the ARC induced by insulin. Thus, the higher levels of insulin counter-regulatory proteins and lower expression of InsR in the hypothalamus are likely to underlie impaired insulin-induced hypophagia and responses in the hypothalamus after ADX.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenalectomy/methods ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Corticosterone/pharmacology ; Eating/drug effects ; Gene Expression/drug effects ; Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/drug effects ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Insulin/administration & dosage ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y/genetics ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuropeptide Y ; cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protein ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin (66796-54-1) ; Receptor, Insulin (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3028-4
ISSN	1479-6805 ; 0022-0795
ISSN (online)	1479-6805
ISSN	0022-0795
DOI	10.1530/JOE-19-0217
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Article ; Online: Vasoactive intestinal peptide promotes hypophagia and metabolic changes: Role of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and nitric oxide.

Zaia, Cássia Thaïs Bussamra Vieira / Uchôa, Ernane Torres / Santos, Angelo Alexander Torres Dos / Ribeiro, Rachel Cezar de Andrade / Batista, Ana Carolina Seidel / Crespigio, Jefferson / Utida, Lawrence / Moura, Galiano Brazuna / Brownlow, Milene Lara / Garnica-Siqueira, Marcela Cristina / Reis, Wagner Luis / Antunes-Rodrigues, Jose / Zaia, Dimas Augusto Morozin

Brain research bulletin

2022 Volume 189, Page(s) 102–110

Abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuromodulator present in the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of food intake. Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is involved in ingestive responses and regulates the nitric ... ...

Abstract	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuromodulator present in the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of food intake. Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is involved in ingestive responses and regulates the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. The main objectives of this study were to investigate metabolic changes established after different doses and times of VIP microinjection on the PVN, and the effect of VIP microinjection on the PVN on food intake and the role of NO in this control. In anesthetized rats, increased blood plasma glucose and insulin levels were observed following the doses of 40 and 80 ng/g of body weight. At the dose of 40 ng/g, VIP promoted hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia 5, 10, and 30 min after microinjection, and increased free fatty acids and total lipids plasma levels after 5 min, and triglycerides after 10 min. In awake animals, once again, VIP administration increased plasmatic levels of glucose, free fatty acids, corticosterone, and insulin 10 min after the microinjection. Moreover, VIP promoted hypophagia in the morning and night periods, and L-arginine (L-Arg) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) or a combination of both attenuated VIP-induced reduction on food intake. In addition, nitrate concentration in the PVN was decreased after VIP microinjection. Our data show that the PVN participates in the anorexigenic and metabolic effects of VIP, and that VIP-induced hypophagia is likely mediated by reduction of NO.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arginine/metabolism ; Arginine/pharmacology ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Corticosterone ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/pharmacology ; Insulins/metabolism ; Insulins/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats ; Sodium Glutamate/metabolism ; Sodium Glutamate/pharmacology ; Triglycerides/metabolism ; Triglycerides/pharmacology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Insulins ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Nitrates ; Triglycerides ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (37221-79-7) ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F) ; Sodium Glutamate (W81N5U6R6U) ; Corticosterone (W980KJ009P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197620-5
ISSN	1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
ISSN (online)	1873-2747
ISSN	0361-9230
DOI	10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.021
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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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