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Article ; Online: Himalayan Mobilities

Udo Schickhoff

Mountain Research and Development, Vol 39, Iss 1, Pp M7-M

An Exploration of the Impacts of Expanding Rural Road Networks on Social and Ecological Systems in the Nepalese Himalaya

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Reviewed: Himalayan Mobilities: An Exploration of the Impacts of Expanding Rural Road Networks on Social and Ecological Systems in the Nepalese Himalaya. By Robert E. Beazley and James P. Lassoie. Springer Briefs in Environmental Science. Cham, ... ...

Abstract	Reviewed: Himalayan Mobilities: An Exploration of the Impacts of Expanding Rural Road Networks on Social and Ecological Systems in the Nepalese Himalaya. By Robert E. Beazley and James P. Lassoie. Springer Briefs in Environmental Science. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International, 2017. v + 166 pp. Softcover: US$ 69.99, ISBN 978-3-319-55755-7. E-book: US$ 54.99, ISBN 978-3-319-55757-1.
Keywords	book review ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	International Mountain Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessing the Impacts of Population Growth and Roads on Forest Cover

Kamal Hussain / Fazlur Rahman / Ihsan Ullah / Zahir Ahmad / Udo Schickhoff

Land, Vol 11, Iss 810, p

A Temporal Approach to Reconstruct the Deforestation Process in District Kurram, Pakistan, since 1972

2022 Volume 810

Abstract: Deforestation in remote mountainous regions is considered to be one of the fundamental elements for triggering changes in the biophysical environment driven by various socioeconomic parameters, particularly population growth and road construction in a ... ...

Abstract	Deforestation in remote mountainous regions is considered to be one of the fundamental elements for triggering changes in the biophysical environment driven by various socioeconomic parameters, particularly population growth and road construction in a previously inaccessible environment. A sudden increase in population exerts adverse impacts on the local natural resources, specifically forests. The present study is conducted in Tribal District Kurram, located in the northwestern mountainous belt of Pakistan. This study is aimed to analyze the temporal pattern of deforestation and to explore the impacts of population growth and accessibility on forest cover. It is based on remotely sensed data, focused group discussions, interviews and field observations. The satellite images were processed and classified using ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE. The time span of this study is 1972 to 2019, which is further divided into three periods. The results revealed that almost half (48%) of the forest cover was reduced in ca. five decades. However, considerable variation has been observed in the deforestation rate during the study period. The results of this study revealed that both population change and accessibility have played a vital role in the deforestation process.
Keywords	accessibility ; Afghan refugees ; GIS and remote sensing ; global environmental change ; Koh-e-Safid Mountains ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Predictors of the Success of Natural Regeneration in a Himalayan Treeline Ecotone

Niels Schwab / Birgit Bürzle / Maria Bobrowski / Jürgen Böhner / Ram Prasad Chaudhary / Thomas Scholten / Johannes Weidinger / Udo Schickhoff

Forests, Vol 13, Iss 454, p

2022 Volume 454

Abstract: The sensitivity and response of climatic treelines in the Himalayas to climate change is still being debated. Regeneration of tree species in the treeline ecotone is considered a sensitivity indicator and thus of great scientific interest. The aim of ... ...

Abstract	The sensitivity and response of climatic treelines in the Himalayas to climate change is still being debated. Regeneration of tree species in the treeline ecotone is considered a sensitivity indicator and thus of great scientific interest. The aim of this study is to detect predictor variables for regeneration densities of the major tree species in central Himalayan treeline ecotones ( Abies spectabilis , Betula utilis , Rhododendron campanulatum ), analysing five development stages from seedling to mature tree. We applied negative binomial generalized linear models with predictors selected from a wide range of soil, topography, climate and stand characteristic variables. We found considerably varying predictors across the tree species and their stages of development. Soil conditions, topography and climate, as well as competing and facilitating tree species, had high predictive power for population densities. These predictors were clearly species- and development stage-specific. Predictors’ spatial- and development-specific heterogeneity induce a high degree of complexity and diversify any potentially linear response of tree population densities and treeline position to changing climatic conditions.
Keywords	Abies spectabilis ; Betula utilis ; competition ; life history stages ; Nepal ; recruitment ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modelling the potential distribution of Betula utilis in the Himalaya

Maria Bobrowski / Lars Gerlitz / Udo Schickhoff

Global Ecology and Conservation

2017

Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.003
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modelling the potential distribution of Betula utilis in the Himalaya

Maria Bobrowski / Lars Gerlitz / Udo Schickhoff

Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol 11, Iss C, Pp 69-

2017 Volume 83

Abstract: Developing sustainable adaptation pathways under climate change conditions in mountain regions requires accurate predictions of treeline shifts and future distribution ranges of treeline species. Here, we model for the first time the potential ... ...

Abstract	Developing sustainable adaptation pathways under climate change conditions in mountain regions requires accurate predictions of treeline shifts and future distribution ranges of treeline species. Here, we model for the first time the potential distribution of Betula utilis, a principal Himalayan treeline species, to provide a basis for the analysis of future range shifts. Our target species Betula utilis is widespread at alpine treelines in the Himalayan mountains, the distribution range extends across the Himalayan mountain range. Our objective is to model the potential distribution of B. utilis in relation to current climate conditions. We generated a dataset of 590 occurrence records and used 24 variables for ecological niche modelling. We calibrated Generalized Linear Models using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and evaluated model performance using threshold-independent (AUC, Area Under the Curve) and threshold-dependent (TSS, True Skill Statistics) characteristics as well as visual assessments of projected distribution maps. We found two temperature-related (Mean Temperature of the Wettest Quarter, Temperature Annual Range) and three precipitation-related variables (Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter, Average Precipitation of March, April and May and Precipitation Seasonality) to be useful for predicting the potential distribution of B. utilis. All models had high predictive power (AUC ≥ 0.98 and TSS ≥ 0.89). The projected suitable area in the Himalayan mountains varies considerably, with most extensive distribution in the western and central Himalayan region. A substantial difference between potential and real distribution in the eastern Himalaya points to decreasing competitiveness of B. utilis under more oceanic conditions in the eastern part of the mountain system. A comparison between the vegetation map of Schweinfurth (1957) and our current predictions suggests that B. utilis does not reach the upper elevational limit in vast areas of its potential distribution range due to anthropogenically ...
Keywords	Climatic space ; Ecological niche modeling ; Habitat ; Range shift ; Treeline dynamics ; Treeline ecotone ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recession and Morphological Changes of the Debris-Covered Milam Glacier in Gori Ganga Valley, Central Himalaya, India, Derived From Satellite Data

Suraj Mal / Manish Mehta / R. B. Singh / Udo Schickhoff / M. P. S. Bisht

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

2019 Volume 7

Abstract: We analyzed the recession of the Milam glacier in the Gori Ganga valley, Uttarakhand Himalaya, using historical plane-table survey maps, topographical maps, Corona image (1968), Landsat 5 TM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM+ (2001), and Sentinel 2 (2017) satellite ... ...

Abstract	We analyzed the recession of the Milam glacier in the Gori Ganga valley, Uttarakhand Himalaya, using historical plane-table survey maps, topographical maps, Corona image (1968), Landsat 5 TM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM+ (2001), and Sentinel 2 (2017) satellite data. We estimate that the Milam glacier has receded by 1565.4 ± 20.6 m (31.9 ± 0.4 m a−1) over the period 1968–2017, while lower recession rate (21.1 ± 1.7 m a−1) was observed between 2001 and 2017. The Milam glacier lost 2.27 ± 0.06 km2 of its area from 1968 to 2017 due to recession. Two tributary glaciers detached from the main trunk between 1990 and 2017, which indicates glacier thinning and melting. The glacier recession also resulted in deformation of moraine ridges on either sides in lower ablation zone of Milam glacier, which is caused due to the removal of basal ice support caused by glacier melting.
Keywords	Milam glacier ; Gori Ganga ; climate change ; morphological changes ; Himalaya ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Modelling Soil Erodibility in Mountain Rangelands of South-Western Kyrgyzstan

KULIKOV, Maksim / Alexander GRÖNGRÖFT / Peter BORCHARDT / Udo SCHICKHOFF

Soil Science Society of China Pedosphere. 2017,

2017

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to map soil erodibility in the mountainous rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. The results of this effort are expected to contribute to the development of soil erodibility modelling approaches for mountain areas. In this case ... ...

Abstract	The main objective of this study was to map soil erodibility in the mountainous rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. The results of this effort are expected to contribute to the development of soil erodibility modelling approaches for mountain areas. In this case study we map soil erodibility at two sites, both representing grazing rangelands in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan and having potentially different levels of grazing pressure.We collected a total of 232 soil samples evenly distributed in geographical and feature space. Then we analyzed the samples in a laboratory for grain size distribution and calculated soil erodibility values from these data using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) K-factor formula. After that we derived different terrain indices and ratios of frequency bands from ASTER DEM and LANDSAT images to use as auxiliary data because they are among the main soil forming factors and widely used for prediction of various soil properties. Soil erodibility meaningfully correlated with channel network base level (geographically extrapolated altitude of water channels), remotely sensed indices of short-wave infrared spectral bands, exposition and slope. We applied multiple regression analysis to predict soil erodibility from spatially explicit terrain and remotely sensed indices. The final soil erodibility model was developed using the spatially explicit predictors and the regression equation and then improved by adding the residuals.The spatial resolution of the model was 30 meters and the estimated mean adjusted coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.47. The two sites indicated different estimated and predicted means of soil erodibility values (0.035 and 0.039) with 0.95 significance level, which is attributed mainly to the considerable difference in elevation.
Keywords	Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer ; altitude ; case studies ; erodibility ; grazing ; image analysis ; Landsat ; mountains ; particle size distribution ; prediction ; rangelands ; regression analysis ; Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation ; soil sampling ; Kyrgyzstan
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	1090441-4
ISSN	1002-0160
ISSN	1002-0160
DOI	10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60402-8
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Modelling the potential distribution of Betula utilis in the Himalaya

Bobrowski, Maria / Lars Gerlitz / Udo Schickhoff

Global ecology and conservation. 2017 July, v. 11

2017

Abstract	Developing sustainable adaptation pathways under climate change conditions in mountain regions requires accurate predictions of treeline shifts and future distribution ranges of treeline species. Here, we model for the first time the potential distribution of Betula utilis, a principal Himalayan treeline species, to provide a basis for the analysis of future range shifts. Our target species Betula utilis is widespread at alpine treelines in the Himalayan mountains, the distribution range extends across the Himalayan mountain range. Our objective is to model the potential distribution of B. utilis in relation to current climate conditions. We generated a dataset of 590 occurrence records and used 24 variables for ecological niche modelling. We calibrated Generalized Linear Models using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and evaluated model performance using threshold-independent (AUC, Area Under the Curve) and threshold-dependent (TSS, True Skill Statistics) characteristics as well as visual assessments of projected distribution maps. We found two temperature-related (Mean Temperature of the Wettest Quarter, Temperature Annual Range) and three precipitation-related variables (Precipitation of the Coldest Quarter, Average Precipitation of March, April and May and Precipitation Seasonality) to be useful for predicting the potential distribution of B. utilis. All models had high predictive power (AUC ≥ 0.98 and TSS ≥ 0.89). The projected suitable area in the Himalayan mountains varies considerably, with most extensive distribution in the western and central Himalayan region. A substantial difference between potential and real distribution in the eastern Himalaya points to decreasing competitiveness of B. utilis under more oceanic conditions in the eastern part of the mountain system. A comparison between the vegetation map of Schweinfurth (1957) and our current predictions suggests that B. utilis does not reach the upper elevational limit in vast areas of its potential distribution range due to anthropogenically caused treeline depressions. This study underlines the significance of accuracies of current environmental niche models for species distribution modelling under climate change scenarios. Analysing and understanding the environmental factors driving the current distribution of B. utilis is crucial for the prediction of future range shifts of B. utilis and other treeline species, and for deriving appropriate climate change adaptation strategies.
Keywords	Betula utilis ; biogeography ; climate ; climate change ; data collection ; environmental factors ; linear models ; model validation ; mountains ; niches ; prediction ; statistics ; temperature ; treeline ; Himalayan region
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-07
Size	p. 69-83.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2814786-8
ISSN	2351-9894
ISSN	2351-9894
DOI	10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Application of Thermal and Phenological Land Surface Parameters for Improving Ecological Niche Models of Betula utilis in the Himalayan Region

Maria Bobrowski / Benjamin Bechtel / Jürgen Böhner / Jens Oldeland / Johannes Weidinger / Udo Schickhoff

Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 6, p

2018 Volume 814

Abstract: Modelling ecological niches across vast distribution ranges in remote, high mountain regions like the Himalayas faces several data limitations, in particular nonavailability of species occurrence data and fine-scale environmental information of ... ...

Abstract	Modelling ecological niches across vast distribution ranges in remote, high mountain regions like the Himalayas faces several data limitations, in particular nonavailability of species occurrence data and fine-scale environmental information of sufficiently high quality. Remotely sensed data provide key advantages such as frequent, complete, and long-term observations of land surface parameters with full spatial coverage. The objective of this study is to evaluate modelled climate data as well as remotely sensed data for modelling the ecological niche of Betula utilis in the subalpine and alpine belts of the Himalayan region covering the entire Himalayan arc. Using generalized linear models (GLM), we aim at testing factors controlling the species distribution under current climate conditions. We evaluate the additional predictive capacity of remotely sensed variables, namely remotely sensed topography and vegetation phenology data (phenological traits), as well as the capability to substitute bioclimatic variables from downscaled numerical models by remotely sensed annual land surface temperature parameters. The best performing model utilized bioclimatic variables, topography, and phenological traits, and explained over 69% of variance, while models exclusively based on remotely sensed data reached 65% of explained variance. In summary, models based on bioclimatic variables and topography combined with phenological traits led to a refined prediction of the current niche of B. utilis, whereas models using solely climate data consistently resulted in overpredictions. Our results suggest that remotely sensed phenological traits can be applied beneficially as supplements to improve model accuracy and to refine the prediction of the species niche. We conclude that the combination of remotely sensed land surface temperature parameters is promising, in particular in regions where sufficient fine-scale climate data are not available.
Keywords	Betula utilis ; Chelsa ; ecological niche model ; Enhanced Vegetation Index ; Himalaya ; MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Land Cover Dynamics ; MODIS Land Surface Temperature ; plant phenology ; remote sensing ; treeline ecotone ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Mountain pastures of Qilian Shan: plant communities, grazing impact and degradation status (Gansu province, NW China)

Baranova, Alina / Ming Jin / Shunli Wang / Udo Schickhoff

Hacquetia. 2016 Aug. 12, v. 15, no. 2

2016

Abstract: Environmental degradation of pasture areas in the Qilian Mountains (Gansu province, NW China) has increased in recent years. Soil erosion and loss of biodiversity caused by overgrazing is widespread. Changes in plant cover, however, have not been ... ...

Abstract	Environmental degradation of pasture areas in the Qilian Mountains (Gansu province, NW China) has increased in recent years. Soil erosion and loss of biodiversity caused by overgrazing is widespread. Changes in plant cover, however, have not been analysed so far. The aim of this paper is to identify plant communities and to detect grazing-induced changes in vegetation patterns. Quantitative and qualitative relevÃ© data were collected for community classification and to analyse gradual changes in vegetation patterns along altitudinal and grazing gradients. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to analyse variation in relationships between vegetation, environmental factors and differential grazing pressure. The results of the DCA showed apparent variation in plant communities along the grazing gradient. Two factors - altitude and exposure - had the strongest impact on plant community distribution. Comparing monitoring data for the most recent nine years, a trend of pasture deterioration, plant community successions and shift in dominant species becomes obvious. In order to increase grassland quality, sustainable pasture management strategies should be implemented.
Keywords	altitude ; biodiversity ; correspondence analysis ; grasslands ; monitoring ; mountains ; overgrazing ; pasture management ; pastures ; plant communities ; soil erosion ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0812
Size	p. 21-35.
Publishing place	De Gruyter Open
Document type	Article
ISSN	1854-9829
DOI	10.1515/hacq-2016-0014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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