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Article: [Molecular Mechanisms of Pituitary Tumorigenesis].

Ueda, Ryo / Toda, Masahiro

2023 Volume 51, Issue 4, Page(s) 615–623

Abstract: Scientific advances have improved our understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying pituitary tumorigenesis, allowing us to analyze tumors in a more precise manner and to identify the tumors that have a greater risk of aggressive ... ...

Abstract	Scientific advances have improved our understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying pituitary tumorigenesis, allowing us to analyze tumors in a more precise manner and to identify the tumors that have a greater risk of aggressive behavior at an earlier stage. Based on these molecular pathological findings, the classification of pituitary tumors has been revised over the last two decades to better describe their biological and clinical behavior and to identify prognostic markers of aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Understanding pituitary tumors at the molecular level has enabled increasingly targeted treatments with safety and efficacy validated in randomized trials. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of pituitary tumors, particularly pituitary endocrine tumors, and craniopharyngiomas, and describes potential therapies for pituitary tumors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics ; Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology ; Pituitary Gland ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
Language	Japanese
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Review ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197053-7
ISSN	1882-1251 ; 0301-2603
ISSN (online)	1882-1251
ISSN	0301-2603
DOI	10.11477/mf.1436204794
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Zs.MO 268: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Machine learning molecular dynamics simulation of CO-driven formation of Cu clusters on the Cu(111) surface.

Halim, Harry H / Ueda, Ryo / Morikawa, Yoshitada

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal

2023 Volume 35, Issue 49

Abstract: The behavior of adsorbate-induced surface transformation can be clearly understood given the mechanical aspects of such phenomenon are well described at the atomic level. In this study, we provide the atomic-level description on the formation of Cu ... ...

Abstract	The behavior of adsorbate-induced surface transformation can be clearly understood given the mechanical aspects of such phenomenon are well described at the atomic level. In this study, we provide the atomic-level description on the formation of Cu clusters on the Cu(111) surface by performing set of molecular dynamics simulations driven by machine-learning force-field. The simulations at 450 K-550 K show clusters are formed within a hundred of ns when the Cu surface is exposed with CO. On the other hand, no cluster is formed within the same time interval on the clean Cu surface even at 550 K, which signifies the importance of CO exposure to the surface transformation. The effect of temperature to the formation of clusters is also investigated. The CO-decorated Cu clusters ranging from dimer to hexamer are detected within a hundred of ns at 450 K. Lowering the temperature to 350 K does not result in the formation of clusters within a hundred ns due to the scarce detachments of adatom, while raising the temperature to 550 K results in the formation of more clusters, ranging from dimer to heptamer, but with shorter lifetimes. The clusters can be formed directly through instantaneous detachment of a group of step-atoms, or indirectly by aggregation of wandering Cu monomers and smaller clusters on the surface terrace. The preference to the indirect mechanism is indicated by the higher frequency of its occurrence. Set of nudged elastic band calculations has been performed to confirm the promotion of CO adsorptions to the detachment of Cu step-atoms by lowering the detachment barrier.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1472968-4
ISSN	1361-648X ; 0953-8984
ISSN (online)	1361-648X
ISSN	0953-8984
DOI	10.1088/1361-648X/acf2d8
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Book ; Online: Lewis's Signaling Game as beta-VAE For Natural Word Lengths and Segments

Ueda, Ryo / Taniguchi, Tadahiro

2023

Abstract: As a sub-discipline of evolutionary and computational linguistics, emergent communication (EC) studies communication protocols, called emergent languages, arising in simulations where agents communicate. A key goal of EC is to give rise to languages that ...

Abstract	As a sub-discipline of evolutionary and computational linguistics, emergent communication (EC) studies communication protocols, called emergent languages, arising in simulations where agents communicate. A key goal of EC is to give rise to languages that share statistical properties with natural languages. In this paper, we reinterpret Lewis's signaling game, a frequently used setting in EC, as beta-VAE and reformulate its objective function as ELBO. Consequently, we clarify the existence of prior distributions of emergent languages and show that the choice of the priors can influence their statistical properties. Specifically, we address the properties of word lengths and segmentation, known as Zipf's law of abbreviation (ZLA) and Harris's articulation scheme (HAS), respectively. It has been reported that the emergent languages do not follow them when using the conventional objective. We experimentally demonstrate that by selecting an appropriate prior distribution, more natural segments emerge, while suggesting that the conventional one prevents the languages from following ZLA and HAS. Comment: Under Review
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Subject code	410
Publishing date	2023-11-07
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Cyst Fenestration for Rathke Cleft Cyst.

Yamada, Hiroki / Ueda, Ryo / Ozawa, Hiroyuki / Toda, Masahiro

World neurosurgery

2022 Volume 161, Page(s) e282–e288

Abstract: Objective: We sought to elucidate the long-term surgical outcomes and incidence of recurrence and reoperation of endoscopic endonasal cyst fenestration for Rathke cleft cyst (RCC).: Methods: A retrospective review of the chart and operation record of ...

Abstract	Objective: We sought to elucidate the long-term surgical outcomes and incidence of recurrence and reoperation of endoscopic endonasal cyst fenestration for Rathke cleft cyst (RCC). Methods: A retrospective review of the chart and operation record of RCC surgical cases between January 2008 and August 2021 at our institution was conducted. Patient characteristics, intraoperative findings, and postoperative follow-up outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 27 patients were analyzed, with a median postoperative follow-up period of 52 months (range, 1-150 months). Preoperative symptoms were visual dysfunction (59%), headache (41%), and pituitary dysfunction (22%). Endoscopic cyst fenestration was performed in all patients. Ten (37%) patients had intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Among them, the only patient in whom sellar floor reconstruction was not performed experienced a repair operation due to postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. No patients experienced postoperative hypopituitarism. Preoperative headache, visual dysfunction, and pituitary hormone disorder improved in 73%, 75%, and 67% of patients, respectively. Although postoperative cyst regrowth was observed in 8 patients (30%), no patient experienced worsening or novel symptoms and none required reoperation. Conclusions: Patients with a symptomatic RCC can be effectively treated with endoscopic endonasal cyst fenestration. Reversal of the presenting symptoms resulted, including headache, visual dysfunction, and pituitary hormone dysfunction, in the majority of patients. In our series, appropriate reconstruction of the sellar floor reduced the risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage without impacting cyst regrowth. This simple technique appears to effectively disrupt cyst progression in most cases, even after a relatively long-term follow-up period.
MeSH term(s)	Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Central Nervous System Cysts/diagnostic imaging ; Central Nervous System Cysts/surgery ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ; Cysts ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2022.01.118
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Book ; Online: Empirical Analysis of the Inductive Bias of Recurrent Neural Networks by Discrete Fourier Transform of Output Sequences

Ishii, Taiga / Ueda, Ryo / Miyao, Yusuke

2023

Abstract: A unique feature of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) is that it incrementally processes input sequences. In this research, we aim to uncover the inherent generalization properties, i.e., inductive bias, of RNNs with respect to how frequently RNNs switch ... ...

Abstract	A unique feature of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) is that it incrementally processes input sequences. In this research, we aim to uncover the inherent generalization properties, i.e., inductive bias, of RNNs with respect to how frequently RNNs switch the outputs through time steps in the sequence classification task, which we call output sequence frequency. Previous work analyzed inductive bias by training models with a few synthetic data and comparing the model's generalization with candidate generalization patterns. However, when examining the output sequence frequency, previous methods cannot be directly applied since enumerating candidate patterns is computationally difficult for longer sequences. To this end, we propose to directly calculate the output sequence frequency for each model by regarding the outputs of the model as discrete-time signals and applying frequency domain analysis. Experimental results showed that Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) have an inductive bias towards lower-frequency patterns, while Elman RNN tends to learn patterns in which the output changes at high frequencies. We also found that the inductive bias of LSTM and GRU varies with the number of layers and the size of hidden layers.
Keywords	Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Book ; Online: Emergent Communication with Attention

Ri, Ryokan / Ueda, Ryo / Naradowsky, Jason

2023

Abstract: To develop computational agents that better communicate using their own emergent language, we endow the agents with an ability to focus their attention on particular concepts in the environment. Humans often understand an object or scene as a composite ... ...

Abstract	To develop computational agents that better communicate using their own emergent language, we endow the agents with an ability to focus their attention on particular concepts in the environment. Humans often understand an object or scene as a composite of concepts and those concepts are further mapped onto words. We implement this intuition as cross-modal attention mechanisms in Speaker and Listener agents in a referential game and show attention leads to more compositional and interpretable emergent language. We also demonstrate how attention aids in understanding the learned communication protocol by investigating the attention weights associated with each message symbol and the alignment of attention weights between Speaker and Listener agents. Overall, our results suggest that attention is a promising mechanism for developing more human-like emergent language. Comment: CogSci 2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Subject code	401
Publishing date	2023-05-18
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Role of Genetic Analysis in Distinguishing Multifocal and Multicentric Glioblastomas: An Illustrative Case.

Karatsu, Kosuke / Tamura, Ryota / Yo, Masahiro / Nogawa, Hirotsugu / Hino, Utaro / Kitamura, Yohei / Ueda, Ryo / Toda, Masahiro

Case reports in oncology

2024 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 113–121

Abstract: Introduction: Glioblastomas can manifest as multiple, simultaneous, noncontiguous lesions. We genetically analyzed multiple glioblastomas and discuss their etiological origins in this report.: Case presentation: We present the case of a 47-year-old ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Glioblastomas can manifest as multiple, simultaneous, noncontiguous lesions. We genetically analyzed multiple glioblastomas and discuss their etiological origins in this report. Case presentation: We present the case of a 47-year-old woman who presented with memory impairment and left partial paralysis. Radiographic imaging revealed three apparently noncontiguous lesions in the right temporal and parietal lobes extending into the corpus callosum, leading to diagnosis of multicentric glioblastomas. All three lesions were excised. Genetic analysis of the lesions revealed a Conclusion: Our findings underscore anew the possibility of infiltration by glioblastomas, even within regions devoid of signal alterations on T2-weighted images or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Genetic analysis can play a crucial role in differentiating whether multiple glioblastomas are multifocal or multicentric.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2458961-5
ISSN	1662-6575
ISSN	1662-6575
DOI	10.1159/000536051
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Article ; Online: Endoscopic Endonasal Reconstruction Using a Pedicled Middle Turbinate Flap for Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea.

Takahara, Kento / Ueda, Ryo / Toda, Masahiro

The Journal of craniofacial surgery

2021 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) e318–e320

Abstract: Abstract: Although endoscopic skull-base reconstruction protocols to reduce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage are reported, the most effective management strategies have not been determined. We describe the successful repair of a spontaneous CSF leak ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: Although endoscopic skull-base reconstruction protocols to reduce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage are reported, the most effective management strategies have not been determined. We describe the successful repair of a spontaneous CSF leak using a vascularized middle turbinate flap (MTF) via an endonasal endoscopic approach and also discuss the effective reconstruction with other available pedicled flaps. An 11-year-old girl had a 5-month history of intermittent CSF rhinorrhea. Endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction was performed using the pedicled MTF technique, which sufficiently covered the unilateral cribriform plate and ethmoidal fovea including suspicious leakage site. Middle turbinate flaps may be good for repairing spontaneous CSF leaks, which commonly have small, low-flow CSF fistulas around a cribriform plate. As spontaneous CSF leaks are known to have a higher recurrence rate, MTF may be advantageous because more of the normal structures are retained.
MeSH term(s)	Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/surgery ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/etiology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base/surgery ; Surgical Flaps/surgery ; Turbinates/surgery
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159501-2
ISSN	1536-3732 ; 1049-2275
ISSN (online)	1536-3732
ISSN	1049-2275
DOI	10.1097/SCS.0000000000008214
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Zs.A 3761: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 175: Show issues

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Article: [Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery Using the 'Four Hands-Two Nostrils' Technique by a Surgical Team Composed of an ENT Surgeon and a Neurosurgeon].

Toda, Masahiro / Ueda, Ryo / Ozawa, Hiroyuki

No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery

2020 Volume 48, Issue 10, Page(s) 885–893

MeSH term(s)	Endoscopy ; Humans ; Neurosurgeons ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Skull Base/diagnostic imaging ; Skull Base/surgery ; Skull Base Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery
Language	Japanese
Publishing date	2020-09-30
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	197053-7
ISSN	1882-1251 ; 0301-2603
ISSN (online)	1882-1251
ISSN	0301-2603
DOI	10.11477/mf.1436204292
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Article: Volumetric measurement of paranasal sinuses and its clinical significance in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors operated using an endoscopic endonasal approach.

Nakaya, Masato / Tamura, Ryota / Takahara, Kento / Senuma, Takumi / Yoshida, Keisuke / Kitamura, Yohei / Ueda, Ryo / Toda, Masahiro

Frontiers in neurology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1162733

Abstract: Objective: Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for deep intracranial lesions has gained popularity following recent developments in endoscopic technology. The operability of invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) depends on the anatomy of the ...

Abstract	Objective: Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for deep intracranial lesions has gained popularity following recent developments in endoscopic technology. The operability of invasive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) depends on the anatomy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. This study aimed to establish a simple volume reconstruction algorithm of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. Additionally, this is the first study to demonstrate the relationship between the segmentation method and the clinical significance in patients with PitNET. Methods: Pre-and postoperative tumor volumes were analyzed in 106 patients with primary (new-onset) PitNETs (80 nonfunctioning and 26 functioning) who underwent EES. The efficiency and accuracy of the semiautomatic segmentation with manual adjustments (SSMA) method was compared with other established segmentation methods for volumetric analysis in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Correlations between the measured nasal cavity and paranasal sinus volumes and the extent of tumor removal were evaluated. Results: The SSMA method yielded accurate and time-saving results following the volumetric analyses of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with complex structures. Alternatively, the manual and semiautomatic segmentation methods proved time-consuming and inaccurate, respectively. The sphenoid sinus volume measured by SSMA was significantly correlated with the extent of tumor removal in patients with nonfunctioning Knosp grade 3 and 4 PitNET ( Conclusion: The volume of sphenoid sinus potentially could predict the extent of resection due to better visualization of the tumor for PitNETs with CS invasion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2023.1162733
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