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Article ; Online: Factors affecting the development of complications in Crohn's disease in patients undergoing intestinal resection.

Gures, Nazim / Uludag, Server Sezgin / Erginoz, Ergin / Yildirim, Suleyman / Erzin, Yusuf Ziya / Zengin, Kagan

2023 Volume 102, Issue 8, Page(s) e32957

Abstract: Surgery is a common form of management for Crohn disease (CD) in the presence of intra-abdominal complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of various factors on the development of postoperative complications in patients who underwent ... ...

Abstract	Surgery is a common form of management for Crohn disease (CD) in the presence of intra-abdominal complications. In this study, we investigated the effect of various factors on the development of postoperative complications in patients who underwent surgery for complicated CD. Patients who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2018 were included in this study. Information on age, sex, presence of extraintestinal findings, operation indications, operation type, and postoperative complications was obtained. Groups with and without postoperative complications were compared according to body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, comorbidities, smoking status, preoperative drug use, presence of perianal disease, presence of a stoma, synchronous small intestine resection surgery, duration of hospital stay, and preoperative biochemical parameters. A total of 192 patients were included, of which 53.1% were female and 46.9% were male. Patients were indicated for surgery for reasons such as stricture, abscess, fistula, and tumor development. As the surgical method, patients were operated on by open or laparoscopic method (86% and 14%, respectively). Postoperative complications occurred in 30 female and 33 male patients (15.6% and 17.1%, respectively). Patient age, smoking status, steroid use, perianal disease, presence of stoma, and presence of extra intestinal findings were significantly higher in the complicated group. Surgery may be inevitable for CD in the presence of complications. In cases of patient age, smoking, steroid use, perianal disease, stoma opening, and presence of extra intestinal findings, patients with CD who undergo surgery should be followed up closely in terms of the development of complications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Female ; Crohn Disease/complications ; Intestines/pathology ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Steroids
Chemical Substances	Steroids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000032957
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Article ; Online: Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers as Surrogate Markers for Stage in Colon Cancer.

Uludag, Server Sezgin / Sanli, Ahmet Necati / Zengin, Abdullah Kagan / Ozcelik, Mehmet Faik

The American surgeon

2021 Volume 88, Issue 6, Page(s) 1256–1262

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to investigate whether the systemic inflammatory parameters currently in use in staging the disease can be used as biomarker tests operated colon cancer patients. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil/ ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to investigate whether the systemic inflammatory parameters currently in use in staging the disease can be used as biomarker tests operated colon cancer patients. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR), CRP, albumin, lymphocyte/CRP ratio, CRP/albumin ratio, and neutrophil/albumin ratio as systemic inflammatory biomarkers and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study included 592 patients. Patients with colon cancer in the cohort were divided into 2 subgroups: Tumor, nodes, metastases (TNM) stage 0, TNM stage 1, and TNM stage 2; early stage (n: 332) and TNM stage 3 and TNM stage 4; late stage (n: 260) colon cancer patients. Results: LDH ( Conclusions: Our data suggest that high serum LDH, NLR, PLR, CRP/albumin, and neutrophil/albumin may be useful predictive markers for advanced stage in colon cancer. According to the receiver operating characteristic analysis results, CRP/albumin ratio can be used to discriminate early from late stage. Preoperative low monocyte count and PNI are associated with postoperative staging patients with colon cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Albumins ; Biomarkers ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Neutrophils ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Albumins ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202465-2
ISSN	1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
ISSN (online)	1555-9823
ISSN	0003-1348
DOI	10.1177/0003134821995059
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Article ; Online: Clinicopathological features and management of colonic lipomas: Case reports.

Erginoz, Ergin / Uludag, Server Sezgin / Cavus, Gokce Hande / Zengin, Kagan / Ozcelik, Mehmet Faik

Medicine

2022 Volume 101, Issue 10, Page(s) e29004

Abstract: Introduction: Colonic lipomas are benign tumors of adipose tissue that are often asymptomatic, but they may present with rectal bleeding or obstructive symptoms. These tumors are unique in that they are rarely encountered within the gastrointestinal ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Colonic lipomas are benign tumors of adipose tissue that are often asymptomatic, but they may present with rectal bleeding or obstructive symptoms. These tumors are unique in that they are rarely encountered within the gastrointestinal system and can mimic malignant tumors in appearance. Surgical resection and endoscopic removal of tumors have been shown to be successful in their management. Patient concerns: In this report, we present 3 cases of colonic lipomas, 2 of which are located in the cecum and the other within the sigmoid colon. The presenting symptoms of the patients included abdominal pain, constipation, and dyspepsia. Diagnosis: Patients typically presented with anemia and an elevated C-reactive protein count. Colonoscopic and computerized tomography findings were used for diagnosis. Interventions: Hemicolectomy was performed, depending on the localization, and the pathologic specimens were consistent with lipoma. Outcomes: Surgical resection was curative in all patients. The postoperative period was uneventful in all patients and all patients are symptom-free and alive at 3 years follow-up. Conclusion: Colonic lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal system with a male predominance and are observed within the fourth to sixth decades of life. Various genetic abnormalities have been reported and they have been linked to the formation of intussusception. The squeeze sign on radiological imaging, cushion sign and tenting sign in colonoscopy, and naked fat sign during pathologic examination is helpful towards reaching a diagnosis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice but minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have also been shown to be successful.
MeSH term(s)	Colectomy/methods ; Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intussusception/surgery ; Lipoma/diagnosis ; Lipoma/pathology ; Lipoma/surgery ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000029004
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Article ; Online: An investigation into the predictive role of serum inflammatory parameters in the diagnosis of complicated acute cholecystitis.

Uludağ, Server Sezgin / Akıncı, Ozan / Güreş, Nazım / Tosun, Yasin / Şanlı, Ahmet Necati / Zengin, Abdullah Kağan / Özçelik, Mehmet Faik

Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES

2022 Volume 28, Issue 6, Page(s) 818–823

Abstract: Background: Gallbladder gangrene and perforation are an important complication of acute calculous cholecystitis and are dif-ficult to detect preoperatively. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether serum inflammatory parameters are ... ...

Title translation	Komplike akut kolesistit tanısında serum enflamatuvar parametrelerin öngörücü rolüne yönelik bir araştırma.
Abstract	Background: Gallbladder gangrene and perforation are an important complication of acute calculous cholecystitis and are dif-ficult to detect preoperatively. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate whether serum inflammatory parameters are predictive factors for complicated cholecystitis (CC). Methods: In the present study, histopathological findings of 250 patients who were operated on with the diagnosis of acute chole-cystitis (AC) in the emergency department between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated and the cases were divided into two groups as AC and CC. Parameters, including age, gender, body mass index, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lym-phocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW), were examined for their ability to predict CC. Results: The findings obtained in this study showed that WBC, CRP, and NLR were significantly higher in the CC group (p<0.05). WBC >9.000 cells/ml, CRP >29.0, and NLR >4.3 were the factors that could predict CC. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning MPV and PDW (p>0.05). CC was observed more frequently in patients over 65 years of age, but there was not a statistically significant difference (p=0468). Conclusion: WBC, CRP, and NLR are valuable biochemical markers in predicting complicated AC. Advanced age may be a help-ful predictive factor for CC. These factors may be helpful in making an early cholecystectomy decision.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Disease ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Cholecystitis, Acute/diagnosis ; Cholecystitis, Acute/surgery ; Humans ; Inflammation/diagnosis ; Leukocyte Count ; Mean Platelet Volume
Chemical Substances	C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-31
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253739-9
ISSN	1307-7945 ; 1306-696X
ISSN (online)	1307-7945
ISSN	1306-696X
DOI	10.14744/tjtes.2021.35923
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of pre-operative routine blood tests in predicting complicated acute appendicitis.

Uludağ, Server Sezgin / Akıncı, Ozan / Güreş, Nazim / Tunç, Emre / Erginöz, Ergin / Şanlı, Ahmet Necati / Zengin, Abdullah Kağan / Özçelik, Mehmet Faik

Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES

2022 Volume 28, Issue 11, Page(s) 1590–1596

Abstract: Background: Early prediction and diagnosis of perforation in acute appendicitis allow surgeons to choose the most appropriate treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether pre-operative routine laboratory examinations have a role in ... ...

Title translation	Komplike akut apandisiti öngörmede ameliyat öncesi rutin kan testlerinin etkinliği.
Abstract	Background: Early prediction and diagnosis of perforation in acute appendicitis allow surgeons to choose the most appropriate treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether pre-operative routine laboratory examinations have a role in predicting complicated acute appendicitis. Methods: In the study, 783 patients operated with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis between the years 2014 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the patients with non-perforated and perforated acute appendicitis, pre-operative laboratory tests include leukocyte (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte rate (NLR) parameters were compared. Results: Appendicitis was not detected histopathologically in 81 cases. In the study, 89.9% (n=631) of the 702 patients were non-perforated and 10.1% (n=71) were perforated acute appendicitis cases. Perforation rate was higher in elderly patients (p<0.01). It was seen that lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the perforated group, and CRP and NLR were significantly higher (p=0.048, p=0.001, p=0.028, respectively). In the diagnosis of perforated acute appendicitis, cutoff values were 44.0 mg/dL for CRP, 7.65 for NLR and 1.7/mm3 for lymphocytes. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of WBC, neutrophil, PLT, MPV, and PDW values. Conclusion: Low lymphocyte count, high CRP, and high NLR were found to be reliable and strong predictive parameters in the diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Leukocyte Count ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Appendicitis/diagnosis ; Appendicitis/surgery ; Mean Platelet Volume ; Acute Disease ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-25
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253739-9
ISSN	1307-7945 ; 1306-696X
ISSN (online)	1307-7945
ISSN	1306-696X
DOI	10.14744/tjtes.2021.13472
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Article ; Online: Investigating the correlation between severe acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis with some serum parameters.

Uludağ, Server Sezgin / Güreş, Nazim / Şirolu, Sabri / Aşkar, Ahmet / Şanlı, Ahmet Necati / Zengin, Abdullah Kağan / Özçelik, Mehmet Faik

Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES

2022 Volume 28, Issue 11, Page(s) 1609–1615

Abstract: Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease related to significant morbidity and even mortality. Various factors are involved in the etiology, especially gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. Although, the course of the disease in most of ... ...

Title translation	Bazı serum parametreleri ile şiddetli akut pankreatit ve pankreas nekrozu arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması.
Abstract	Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a disease related to significant morbidity and even mortality. Various factors are involved in the etiology, especially gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. Although, the course of the disease in most of the cases is generally mild, in some cases, the disease can be severe and lead to pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis. Radiologically, 'Balthazar computed tomography severity index' (CTSI) is used to assess the severity and presence of necrosis in pancreatitis. In this study, we classified the severity of AP in patients with Balthazar CTSI and investigated whether there is a correlation between some serum parameters and AP severity and which serum parameters can be used as a safe marker to predict the AP severity and the development of pancreatic necrosis (PN). Methods: A total of 341 patients diagnosed with AP and hospitalized in our general surgery clinic between the years 2012 and 2018 were included in this study. Hematological and biochemical parameters of the patients were recorded. Abdominal CT's of the patients were evaluated according to the Balthazar CTSI. The correlation between these parameters and AP severity evaluated by Balthazar CTSI was investigated. Results: PN was detected in 19.4% of 341 patients who participated in the study. Patients whose PN detected in their abdominal CT's by Balthazar CTSI; neutrophil counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thrombocyte/lymphocyte ratio, plateletlymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR) were significantly higher and the serum albumin was significantly lower than patients with PN. Conclusion: Neutrophil count, serum albumin levels, NLR, LR, and NMR can be used as predictive markers to determine AP severity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/diagnostic imaging ; Acute Disease ; Severity of Illness Index ; Biomarkers ; Serum Albumin ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Serum Albumin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-25
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253739-9
ISSN	1307-7945 ; 1306-696X
ISSN (online)	1307-7945
ISSN	1306-696X
DOI	10.14744/tjtes.2021.96782
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Article: Reversal of Hartmann's procedure is still a high-morbid surgery?

Akıncı, Ozan / Yurdacan, Müge / Turgut, Başar Can / Uludağ, Server Sezgin / Şimşek, Osman

Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES

2020 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) 255–259

Abstract: Background: This study evaluated the outcome of the reversal of Hartmann's procedure based on preoperative and intraoperative risk factors.: Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 78 cases, whom we applied the Hartmann's procedure either electively or ... ...

Title translation	Hartmann kapatılması prosedürü hâlâ yüksek morbiditeli bir cerrahi midir?
Abstract	Background: This study evaluated the outcome of the reversal of Hartmann's procedure based on preoperative and intraoperative risk factors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 78 cases, whom we applied the Hartmann's procedure either electively or under emergency conditions in our clinic between the years 2010 and 2016. Results: Of the cases reviewed in this study, 45 patients were males, and 33 patients were females. Of all cases included in this study, 32 cases were operated due to malignancies, 15 cases were operated due to a perforated diverticulum, and 11 cases were operated due to sigmoid volvulus. Reversal of Hartmann's was performed in 32 cases. The morbidity and mortality rates for the reversal of Hartmann's procedure were 37.5% and 0.0%,respectively. Conclusion: The reversal of Hartmann's procedure appears to be a safe operation with acceptable morbidity rates. If the correct patient selection, correct operation timing and meticulous surgical preparation are performed, the risk of morbidity and mortality of the reversal of Hartmann's procedure can be minimized.
MeSH term(s)	Colectomy/adverse effects ; Colectomy/methods ; Colonic Diseases/surgery ; Colostomy/adverse effects ; Colostomy/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reoperation
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-17
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2253739-9
ISSN	1306-696X
ISSN	1306-696X
DOI	10.14744/tjtes.2019.71725
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Article ; Online: Using saline bags instead of commercial retrieval bags to reduce the cost of splenic retrieval after laparoscopic splenectomy.

Velidedeoglu, Mehmet / Ferahman, Sina / Taskin, Halit Eren / Kilic, Fahrettin / Uludag, Server Sezgin / Arikan, Akif Enes / Koksal, Guniz / Erbabacan, Safak Emre / Zengin, Abdullah Kagan

Annali italiani di chirurgia

2023 Volume 94, Page(s) 523–528

Abstract: Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is considered the gold standard treatment in adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to medical therapy. However, the retrieval of the spleen in LS is still a technical challenge, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is considered the gold standard treatment in adults with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to medical therapy. However, the retrieval of the spleen in LS is still a technical challenge, despite the use of various commercial retrieval bags. This study reports the feasibility and reliability of using a saline bag for spleen retrieval in a reduced port splenectomy. Methods: Between 2007 and 2020, 55 consecutive patients underwent LS for ITP. Data were collected retrospectively. To retrieve the spleen, a 1 liter sterile saline bag was used. Results: Fifty-five patients underwent LS. There was only one complication related to the saline bag: an iatrogenic ileal injury during the morselization process. Conclusion: One-liter saline bag is feasible, and widely available. No additional instruments or cost is required and there is no need to extend the wound for spleen retrieval during LS. Key words: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Laparoscopic surgery, Splenectomy, Techniques.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/surgery ; Splenectomy/methods ; Spleen/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	418927-9
ISSN	2239-253X ; 0003-469X
ISSN (online)	2239-253X
ISSN	0003-469X
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Article: A promising technique for easier single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: needle grasper traction of gallbladder.

Sunamak, Oguzhan / Donmez, Turgut / Ferahman, Sina / Uludag, Server Sezgin / Avaroglu, Huseyin Imam

Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques

2018 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 358–365

Abstract: Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the primary treatment method for benign gallbladder diseases. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) was reported to be superior in terms of work return, cosmetic results, and post- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the primary treatment method for benign gallbladder diseases. Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) was reported to be superior in terms of work return, cosmetic results, and post-operative pain, but limited maneuver capacity and overlapping of hand tools are technical difficulties associated with SILC that endanger patient safety. Aim: To perform SILC using a needle grasper for gallbladder traction, thus simplifying the dissection of Calot's triangle. Material and methods: The files of patients who underwent elective LC for gallbladder stone and polyps in general surgery clinics between December 2013 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: needle-grasper-assisted SILC (nSILC) and conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC). Age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, ASA score, duration of operation, duration of post-operative hospital stay, complications, drain use, conversion to open and conventional technique, and oral feeding beginning time were analyzed. Results: There were no per-operative or post-operative complications in either of the groups, and no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of complications. The mean duration of the operation was significantly longer in the nSILC group. There was no difference between the groups in terms of hospital stay. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores in conventional nSILC were significantly lower for all hours. The patient satisfaction in terms of cosmetic results was better in the nSILC group. Conclusions: Needle-grasper-assisted SILC reduces the number of tools that need to be held by surgeons; it also provides safe dissection, better cosmetic results, and less post-operative pain in elective cases.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-16
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2596147-0
ISSN	2299-0054 ; 1895-4588
ISSN (online)	2299-0054
ISSN	1895-4588
DOI	10.5114/wiitm.2018.75849
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Article: Two-port laparoscopic appendectomy with the help of a needle grasper: better cosmetic results and fewer trocars than conventional laparoscopic appendectomy.

Donmez, Turgut / Sunamak, Oguzhan / Ferahman, Sina / Uludag, Server Sezgin / Yildirim, Dogan / Hut, Adnan

Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques

2016 Volume 11, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–110

Abstract: Introduction: The two-port laparoscopic appendectomy technique (TPLA) lays between the conventional three-port trocar procedure and single-port laparoscopic appendectomy surgery. During TPLA, the appendix is suspended with stitches, resulting in ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The two-port laparoscopic appendectomy technique (TPLA) lays between the conventional three-port trocar procedure and single-port laparoscopic appendectomy surgery. During TPLA, the appendix is suspended with stitches, resulting in perforation risk and difficulty in exploration. Aim: We used a needle grasper in TPLA to hang and manipulate the appendix. Material and methods: Thirty-four patients (10 female, 24 male) who underwent TPLA between February 2015 and November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively for patient demographics, duration of operation, laparotomy or conventional laparoscopy necessity, drain use, complications, and hospital stay periods. The needle grasper was inserted at the right under the abdominal quadrant (McBurney point) without an incision to hang and manipulate the appendix. Results: The mean age was 25.19 ±8.464 years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.50 ±3.246 kg/m(2). ASA scores were 1 and 2. The operations were completed without any additional trocar in 34 patients. The mean operation time was 57.03 ±3.814 min. There were no intraoperative complications in any patients. Three patients required a drain; all were discharged after drain removal. Thirty-one patients were discharged on the 1(st) postoperative day; three patients with drains were discharged on the 2(nd) day. The mean hospital stay period was 1.18 ±0.535 days. Conclusions: Using the needle grasper, the appendix was held and suspended and the mesoappendix was cauterized and skeletonized successfully in TPLA. Inserting a needle grasper into the abdominal cavity at the McBurney point to manipulate the appendix helps and does not leave a visible scar.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-13
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2596147-0
ISSN	2299-0054 ; 1895-4588
ISSN (online)	2299-0054
ISSN	1895-4588
DOI	10.5114/wiitm.2016.60504
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