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Article: Resistance to the Bacteriocin Lcn972 Deciphered by Genome Sequencing.

Escobedo, Susana / Campelo, Ana B / Umu, Özgün C O / López-González, María Jesús / Rodríguez, Ana / Diep, Dzung B / Martínez, Beatriz

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: In view of the current threat of antibiotic resistance, new antimicrobials with low risk of resistance development are demanded. Lcn972 is a lactococcal bacteriocin that inhibits septum formation by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II ... ...

Abstract	In view of the current threat of antibiotic resistance, new antimicrobials with low risk of resistance development are demanded. Lcn972 is a lactococcal bacteriocin that inhibits septum formation by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II in
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11020501
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal analysis of the faecal microbiome in pigs fed Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source during the weanling period followed by a rapeseed- and faba bean-based grower-finisher diet.

Iakhno, Stanislav / Delogu, Francesco / Umu, Özgün C O / Kjos, Nils P / Håkenåsen, Ingrid M / Mydland, Liv T / Øverland, Margareth / Sørum, Henning

Animal microbiome

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 62

Abstract: The porcine gut microbiome is central to animal health and growth as well as it can be structurally or functionally reshaped by dietary interventions. The gut microbiota composition in relation to Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source in a ... ...

Abstract	The porcine gut microbiome is central to animal health and growth as well as it can be structurally or functionally reshaped by dietary interventions. The gut microbiota composition in relation to Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source in a weanling diet was studied previously. Also, there is a mounting body of knowledge regarding the porcine gut microbiome composition in response to the use of rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus) meal, and faba beans (Vicia faba) as protein sources during the growing/finishing period. However, there is limited data on how the porcine gut microbiome respond to a combination of C. jadinii yeast in the weanling phase and rapeseed meal and faba beans in the growing/finishing phase. This work investigated how the porcine faecal microbiome was changing in response to a novel yeast diet with a high inclusion of yeast proteins (40% of crude protein) in a weanling diet followed by a diet based on rapeseed meal and faba beans during the growing/finishing period. The faecal microbiomes of the weanling pigs fed yeast were more diverse with higher relative abundance of Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes compared with those of soybean meal-based diet fed weanlings. Reduced numbers of Prevotella in the yeast fed faecal microbiomes remained a microbiome characteristic up until two weeks after the yeast diet was changed to the rapeseed/faba bean growing finishing diet. A number of differentially abundant bacterial phylotypes along with distinct co-occurrence patterns observed during the growing/finishing period indicated the presence of a "carry-over" effect of the yeast weanling diet onto the faecal microbiomes of the grower/finisher pigs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2524-4671
ISSN (online)	2524-4671
DOI	10.1186/s42523-022-00217-5
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Article: Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins.

Umu, Özgün C O / Rudi, Knut / Diep, Dzung B

Microbial ecology in health and disease

2017 Volume 28, Issue 1, Page(s) 1348886

Abstract: The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as ... ...

Abstract	The gut microbiota is considered an organ that co-develops with the host throughout its life. The composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiota are subject to a complex interplay between the host genetics and environmental factors, such as lifestyle, diet, stress and antimicrobials. It is evident that certain prebiotics, and antimicrobials produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can shape the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities to promote host health and/or prevent diseases. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the impact of prebiotic fibres, and bacteriocins from LAB, on the gut microbiota and its activities, which affect the physiology and health of the host. These represent two different mechanisms in modulating the gut microbiota, the first involving exploitative competition by which the growth of beneficial bacteria is promoted and the latter involving interference competition by which the growth of pathogens and other unwanted bacteria is prevented. For interference competition in the gut, bacteriocins offer special advantages over traditional antibiotics, in that they can be designed to act towards specific unwanted bacteria and other pathogens, without any remarkable collateral effects on beneficial microbes sharing the same niche.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01
Publishing country	Sweden
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639390-1
ISSN	1651-2235 ; 0891-060X
ISSN (online)	1651-2235
ISSN	0891-060X
DOI	10.1080/16512235.2017.1348886
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Article ; Online: Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source on intestinal microbiota and butyrate levels in post-weaning piglets.

Iakhno, Stanislav / Umu, Özgün C O / Håkenåsen, Ingrid M / Åkesson, Caroline P / Mydland, Liv T / Press, Charles McL / Sørum, Henning / Øverland, Margareth

Animal microbiome

2020 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 13

Abstract: Background: Dietary yeast inclusions in a pig diet may drive changes both in gut bacterial composition and bacterial functional profile. This study investigated the effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii as a protein to replace 40% of the conventional proteins ...

Abstract	Background: Dietary yeast inclusions in a pig diet may drive changes both in gut bacterial composition and bacterial functional profile. This study investigated the effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii as a protein to replace 40% of the conventional proteins in a diet for weanling pigs on the microbiota in the small and large intestine, colonic short-chain fatty acid concentration, and colonic histopathology parameters. Seventy-two pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to either a control or a C. jadinii-based diet and followed for 2 weeks. Results: Compared with the controls, higher numbers of cultivable lactic acid-producing bacteria in the small and large intestine were registered in the yeast group. Alpha and beta bacterial diversity were different between the diet groups with lower alpha-diversity and distinct bacterial composition in the large intestine in the yeast group compared with those of the controls. The large intestine microbiota in the yeast group had higher numbers of Prevotella, Mitsuokella and Selenomonas compared with those of the controls. The concentrations of colonic acetate and butyrate were higher in the controls compared with that of the yeast group. The colonic crypt depth was deeper in the control group. The gut histopathology of colonic tissues revealed no differences between the diets. The colonic crypt depth tended to be deeper with higher relative abundance of an unclassified Spirochetes, higher colonic butyrate concentration, and higher bacterial richness. The concentration of colonic butyrate was positively associated with the relative abundance of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Dialister, and an unclassified amplicon of the Spirochaetaceae family in the colon. Conclusions: The replacement of the conventional proteins by proteins from Cyberlindnera jadinii in a weanling pig diet reshaped the large intestine microbiota structure. The novel yeast diet appeared to be selective for Lactobacillus spp., which may represent an added value resulting from using the sustainably produced yeast protein ingredient as an alternative to conventional protein ingredients in animal diets. The large intestine bacterial composition and their metabolites may be involved in an adaptive alteration of the colonic crypts without pathological consequences.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2524-4671
ISSN (online)	2524-4671
DOI	10.1186/s42523-020-00031-x
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Article ; Online: A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice.

Bäuerl, Chrstine / Umu, Özgun C O / Hernandez, Pablo E / Diep, Dzung B / Pérez-Martínez, Gaspar

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2017 , Issue 125

Abstract: Very intriguing questions arise with our advancing knowledge on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with health, particularly relating to the factors that contribute to maintaining the population balance. However, there are limited available ... ...

Abstract	Very intriguing questions arise with our advancing knowledge on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with health, particularly relating to the factors that contribute to maintaining the population balance. However, there are limited available methodologies to evaluate these factors. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by many bacteria that may confer a competitive advantage for food acquisition and/or niche establishment. Many probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have great potential to promote human and animal health by preventing the growth of pathogens. They can also be used for immuno-modulation, as they produce bacteriocins. However, the antagonistic activity of bacteriocins is normally determined by laboratory bioassays under well-defined but over-simplified conditions compared to the complex gut environment in humans and animals, where bacteria face multifactorial influences from the host and hundreds of microbial species sharing the same niche. This work describes a complete and efficient procedure to assess the effect of a variety of bacteriocins with different target specificities in a murine system. Changes in the microbiota composition during the bacteriocin treatment are monitored using compositional 16S rDNA sequencing. Our approach uses both the bacteriocin producers and their isogenic non-bacteriocin-producing mutants, the latter giving the ability to distinguish bacteriocin-related from non-bacteriocin-related modifications of the microbiota. The fecal DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing methods are consistent and, together with the bioinformatics, constitute a powerful procedure to find faint changes in the bacterial profiles and to establish correlations, in terms of cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, between bacterial populations and health markers. Our protocol is generic and can thus be used to study other compounds or nutrients with the potential to alter the host microbiota composition, either when studying toxicity or beneficial effects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacteriocins/pharmacology ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microbiological Techniques/methods ; Probiotics/pharmacology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Chemical Substances	Bacteriocins ; DNA, Ribosomal ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/56053
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Article ; Online: Antibacterial electrospun nanofibers from triclosan/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.

Celebioglu, Asli / Umu, Ozgun C O / Tekinay, Turgay / Uyar, Tamer

Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

2014 Volume 116, Page(s) 612–619

Abstract: The electrospinning of nanofibers (NF) from cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (CD-IC) with an antibacterial agent (triclosan) was achieved without using any carrier polymeric matrix. Polymer-free triclosan/CD-IC NF were electrospun from highly ... ...

Abstract	The electrospinning of nanofibers (NF) from cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (CD-IC) with an antibacterial agent (triclosan) was achieved without using any carrier polymeric matrix. Polymer-free triclosan/CD-IC NF were electrospun from highly concentrated (160% CD, w/w) aqueous triclosan/CD-IC suspension by using two types of chemically modified CD; hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HPγCD). The morphological characterization of the electrospun triclosan/CD-IC NF by SEM elucidated that the triclosan/HPβCD-IC NF and triclosan/HPγCD-IC NF were bead-free having average fiber diameter of 520 ± 250 nm and 1,100 ± 660 nm, respectively. The presence of triclosan and the formation of triclosan/CD-IC within the fiber structure were confirmed by (1)H-NMR, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA studies. The initial 1:1 molar ratio of the triclosan:CD was kept for triclosan/HPβCD-IC NF after the electrospinning and whereas 0.7:1 molar ratio was observed for triclosan/HPγCD-IC NF and some uncomplexed triclosan was detected suggesting that the complexation efficiency of triclosan with HPγCD was lower than that of HPβCD. The antibacterial properties of triclosan/CD-IC NF were tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. It was observed that triclosan/HPβCD-IC NF and triclosan/HPγCD-IC NF showed better antibacterial activity against both bacteria compared to uncomplexed pure triclosan.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cyclodextrins/chemistry ; Cyclodextrins/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrodes ; Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Structure ; Nanofibers/chemistry ; Particle Size ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Surface Properties ; Triclosan/chemistry ; Triclosan/pharmacology ; Viscosity
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cyclodextrins ; Triclosan (4NM5039Y5X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1500523-9
ISSN	1873-4367 ; 0927-7765
ISSN (online)	1873-4367
ISSN	0927-7765
DOI	10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.029
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Article: A method to assess bacteriocin effects on the gut microbiota of mice

Bäuerl, Chrstine / Umu, Özgun C.O / Hernandez, Pablo E / Diep, Dzung B / Pérez-Martínez, Gaspar

Journal of visualized experiments. 2017 July 25, , no. 125

2017

Abstract	Very intriguing questions arise with our advancing knowledge on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with health, particularly relating to the factors that contribute to maintaining the population balance. However, there are limited available methodologies to evaluate these factors. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by many bacteria that may confer a competitive advantage for food acquisition and/or niche establishment. Many probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have great potential to promote human and animal health by preventing the growth of pathogens. They can also be used for immuno-modulation, as they produce bacteriocins. However, the antagonistic activity of bacteriocins is normally determined by laboratory bioassays under well-defined but over-simplified conditions compared to the complex gut environment in humans and animals, where bacteria face multifactorial influences from the host and hundreds of microbial species sharing the same niche. This work describes a complete and efficient procedure to assess the effect of a variety of bacteriocins with different target specificities in a murine system. Changes in the microbiota composition during the bacteriocin treatment are monitored using compositional 16S rDNA sequencing. Our approach uses both the bacteriocin producers and their isogenic non-bacteriocin-producing mutants, the latter giving the ability to distinguish bacteriocin-related from non-bacteriocin-related modifications of the microbiota. The fecal DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing methods are consistent and, together with the bioinformatics, constitute a powerful procedure to find faint changes in the bacterial profiles and to establish correlations, in terms of cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, between bacterial populations and health markers. Our protocol is generic and can thus be used to study other compounds or nutrients with the potential to alter the host microbiota composition, either when studying toxicity or beneficial effects.
Keywords	animal and human health ; antimicrobial peptides ; bacteriocins ; bioassays ; bioinformatics ; cholesterol ; digestive system ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; lactic acid bacteria ; mice ; mutants ; nutrients ; pathogens ; probiotics ; ribosomal DNA ; sequence analysis ; triacylglycerols
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0725
Size	p. e56053.
Publishing place	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/56053
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Maternal exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants reduces colorectal carcinogenesis in A/J Min/+ mice.

Johanson, Silje M / Swann, Jonathan R / Umu, Özgün C O / Aleksandersen, Mona / Müller, Mette H B / Berntsen, Hanne F / Zimmer, Karin E / Østby, Gunn C / Paulsen, Jan E / Ropstad, Erik

Chemosphere

2020 Volume 252, Page(s) 126484

Abstract: An increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and alteration in the gut bacterial community. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of maternal exposure to ... ...

Abstract	An increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and alteration in the gut bacterial community. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of maternal exposure to POPs on colorectal cancer and gut microbiota. This study characterized the influence of exposure to a human relevant mixture of POPs during gestation and lactation on colorectal cancer, intestinal metabolite composition and microbiota in the A/J Min/+ mouse model. Surprisingly, the maternal POP exposure decreased colonic tumor burden, as shown by light microscopy and histopathological evaluation, indicating a restriction of colorectal carcinogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens/metabolism ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Environmental Pollutants/metabolism ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens ; Environmental Pollutants ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126484
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Article ; Online: Antibacterial electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibrous webs incorporating triclosan/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.

Kayaci, Fatma / Umu, Ozgun C O / Tekinay, Turgay / Uyar, Tamer

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2013 Volume 61, Issue 16, Page(s) 3901–3908

Abstract: Solid triclosan/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (TR/CD-IC) were obtained and then incorporated in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers via electrospinning. α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD were tested for the formation of TR/CD-IC by a coprecipitation method; however, ...

Abstract	Solid triclosan/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (TR/CD-IC) were obtained and then incorporated in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers via electrospinning. α-CD, β-CD, and γ-CD were tested for the formation of TR/CD-IC by a coprecipitation method; however, the findings indicated that α-CD could not form an inclusion complex with TR, whereas β-CD and γ-CD successfully formed TR/CD-IC crystals, and the molar ratio of TR to CD was found to be 1:1. The structural and thermal characteristics of TR/CD-IC were investigated by (1)H NMR, FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA studies. Then, the encapsulation of TR/β-CD-IC and TR/γ-CD-IC in PLA nanofibers was achieved. Electrospun PLA and PLA/TR nanofibers obtained for comparison were uniform, whereas the aggregates of TR/CD-IC crystals were present and distributed within the PLA fiber matrix as confirmed by SEM and XRD analyses. The antibacterial activity of these nanofibrous webs was investigated. The results indicated that PLA nanofibers incorporating TR/CD-IC showed better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria compared to PLA nanofibers containing only TR without CD-IC. Electrospun nanofibrous webs incorporating TR/CD-IC may be applicable in active food packaging due to their very high surface area and nanoporous structure as well as efficient antibacterial property.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Cyclodextrins/chemistry ; Food Packaging/instrumentation ; Food Packaging/methods ; Lactic Acid/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanofibers/administration & dosage ; Nanofibers/chemistry ; Polyesters ; Polymers/chemistry ; Triclosan/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cyclodextrins ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Lactic Acid (33X04XA5AT) ; poly(lactide) (459TN2L5F5) ; Triclosan (4NM5039Y5X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-04-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/jf400440b
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Article: Maternal exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants reduces colorectal carcinogenesis in A/J Min/+ mice

Johanson, Silje M / Swann, Jonathan R / Umu, Özgün C.O / Aleksandersen, Mona / Müller, Mette H.B / Berntsen, Hanne F / Zimmer, Karin E / Østby, Gunn C / Paulsen, Jan E / Ropstad, Erik

Chemosphere. 2020 Mar. 12,

2020

Abstract	An increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and alteration in the gut bacterial community. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of maternal exposure to POPs on colorectal cancer and gut microbiota. This study characterized the influence of exposure to a human relevant mixture of POPs during gestation and lactation on colorectal cancer, intestinal metabolite composition and microbiota in the A/J Min/+ mouse model. Surprisingly, the maternal POP exposure decreased colonic tumor burden, as shown by light microscopy and histopathological evaluation, indicating a restriction of colorectal carcinogenesis. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis identified alterations in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, glycerophospholipids and energy in intestinal tissue. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota indicated that maternal exposure modified fecal bacterial composition. In conclusion, the results showed that early-life exposure to a mixture of POPs reduced colorectal cancer initiation and promotion, possibly through modulation of the microbial and biochemical environment. Further studies should focus on the development of colorectal cancer after combined maternal and dietary exposures to environmentally relevant low-dose POP mixtures.
Keywords	amino acids ; animal models ; bacterial communities ; carcinogenesis ; colorectal neoplasms ; energy ; histopathology ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; intestines ; lactation ; light microscopy ; lipids ; maternal exposure ; metabolism ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; mice ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; persistent organic pollutants ; pregnancy ; ribosomal RNA ; sequence analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0312
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126484
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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