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  1. Article ; Online: Microaeration promotes volatile siloxanes conversion to methane and simpler monomeric products.

    Ortiz-Ardila, A E / Celis, C / Usack, J G / Angenent, L T / Labatut, R A

    Bioresource technology

    2024  Volume 400, Page(s) 130673

    Abstract: The ubiquitous use of volatile siloxanes in a myriad of product formulations has led to a widespread distribution of these persistent contaminants in both natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment plants. Microbial degradation under microaerobic ... ...

    Abstract The ubiquitous use of volatile siloxanes in a myriad of product formulations has led to a widespread distribution of these persistent contaminants in both natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment plants. Microbial degradation under microaerobic conditions is a promising approach to mitigate D4 and D5 siloxanes while recovering energy in wastewater treatment plants. This study examined D4/D5 siloxanes biodegradation under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions ( [Formula: see text]  = 0, 1, 3 %) using wastewater sludge. Results show that the use of microaeration in an otherwise strictly anaerobic environment significantly enhances siloxane conversion to methane. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified potential degraders, including Clostridium lituseburense, Clostridium bifermentans and Synergistales species. Furthermore, chemical analysis suggested a stepwise siloxane conversion preceding methanogenesis under microaerobic conditions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of microaerobic siloxane biodegradation, laying groundwork for scalable removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants, ultimately highlighting the importance of using bio-based approaches in tackling persistent pollutants.
    MeSH term(s) Siloxanes/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Sewage/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Aerobiosis ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Volatilization
    Chemical Substances Siloxanes ; Methane (OP0UW79H66) ; Sewage ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Wastewater
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130673
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  2. Article ; Online: Comparing the inhibitory thresholds of dairy manure co-digesters after prolonged acclimation periods: Part 1--Performance and operating limits.

    Usack, J G / Angenent, L T

    Water research

    2015  Volume 87, Page(s) 446–457

    Abstract: Co-digestion has been used to improve biogas yields and the long-term stability of anaerobic digesters compared to mono-digestion; however, less is known about the ultimate inhibition from co-substrates at their maximum loading rates and mixing ratios ... ...

    Abstract Co-digestion has been used to improve biogas yields and the long-term stability of anaerobic digesters compared to mono-digestion; however, less is known about the ultimate inhibition from co-substrates at their maximum loading rates and mixing ratios because these limits cannot be practically tested by existing facilities. Here, we performed a controlled experiment with long operating periods to ensure sufficient acclimation with the goal to observe ultimate inhibition and the full benefit that can be gained from co-digestion. The three substrates: 1) food waste (FW); 2) alkaline hydrolysate (AH); and 3) crude glycerol (GY) were individually co-digested with dairy manure (MN) for more than 900 days using continuously stirred anaerobic reactors at mesophilic temperatures. Food waste caused no reduction in performance or stability when co-digested with manure up to a total organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.9 g volatile solids (VS)·L(-1)·Day(-1) (MN:FW = 51:49; VS basis), resulting in a specific methane yield (SMY) of 297 ± 3 mL CH4·g VS(-1) for the combined wastes. Alkaline hydrolysate was co-digested with manure up to a total OLR of 2.7 g VS·L(-1)·Day(-1) (MN:AH = 75:25) with a corresponding SMY of 299 ± 6 mL CH4·g VS(-1). However, the free ammonia concentration reached levels previously reported as inhibitory, and may have led to the observed accumulation of volatile fatty acids at higher loading rates. Crude glycerol co-digestion resulted in an optimum SMY of 549 ± 25 mL CH4·g VS(-1) at a total OLR of 3.2 g VS·L(-1)·Day(-1) (MN:GY = 62:38). Stable digestion beyond this level was prohibited by an accumulation of long-chain fatty acids and foaming. These results can be used to implement effective co-digestion strategies. Co-substrates that possess similar inhibiting characteristics should be monitored to prevent severe instability at high loading rates and mixing ratios.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cattle ; Dairying ; Garbage ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Manure/analysis ; Methane/analysis ; Microbiota
    Chemical Substances Manure ; Methane (OP0UW79H66) ; Glycerol (PDC6A3C0OX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 202613-2
    ISSN 1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
    ISSN (online) 1879-2448
    ISSN 0043-1354
    DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.055
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  3. Article ; Online: Harnessing anaerobic digestion for combined cooling, heat, and power on dairy farms: An environmental life cycle and techno-economic assessment of added cooling pathways.

    Usack, J G / Van Doren, L Gerber / Posmanik, R / Tester, J W / Angenent, L T

    Journal of dairy science

    2019  Volume 102, Issue 4, Page(s) 3630–3645

    Abstract: Anaerobic digestion coupled with combined heat and power production on dairy farms is environmentally advantageous; however, high capital and operating costs have limited its adoption, especially in the United States, where renewable electricity and heat ...

    Abstract Anaerobic digestion coupled with combined heat and power production on dairy farms is environmentally advantageous; however, high capital and operating costs have limited its adoption, especially in the United States, where renewable electricity and heat production are under-incentivized. Biogas is also at a disadvantage because it has to compete with very low natural gas prices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating absorption refrigeration technology for combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) on the farm to help bridge this economic hurdle. A combined environmental life cycle and techno-economic assessment was used to compare 2 cooling pathways with and without co-digestion. We considered using CCHP to (1) displace electricity-driven refrigeration processes (e.g., milk chilling/refrigeration, biogas inlet cooling) or (2) mitigate heat stress in dairy cattle via conductive cow cooling. All cooling scenarios reduced environmental emissions compared with combined heat and power only, with an appreciable reduction in land use impacts when employing conductive cow cooling. However, none of the cooling scenarios achieved economically viability. When using cooling power to displace electricity-driven refrigeration processes, economic viability was constrained by low electricity prices and a lack of incentives in the United States. When used for conductive cow cooling, economic viability was constrained by (1) low waste heat-to-cooling conversion efficiency; (2) limited conductive cow cooling effectiveness (i.e., heat-stress mitigation); and (3) low heat stress frequency and limited severity. However, we predict that with minor improvements in conductive cow cooling effectiveness and in hotter climates, CCHP for conductive cow cooling would be economically viable even in current US energy markets.
    MeSH term(s) Anaerobiosis/physiology ; Animals ; Biofuels/economics ; Cattle/physiology ; Dairying/methods ; Digestion/physiology ; Farms ; Female ; Heating/methods ; Milk ; Refrigeration/methods ; Renewable Energy/economics
    Chemical Substances Biofuels
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 242499-x
    ISSN 1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
    ISSN (online) 1525-3198
    ISSN 0022-0302
    DOI 10.3168/jds.2018-15518
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.B 810: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: Comparing the inhibitory thresholds of dairy manure co-digesters after prolonged acclimation periods: Part 1 – Performance and operating limits

    Usack, J.G / L.T. Angenent

    Water research. 2015 Dec. 15, v. 87

    2015  

    Abstract: Co-digestion has been used to improve biogas yields and the long-term stability of anaerobic digesters compared to mono-digestion; however, less is known about the ultimate inhibition from co-substrates at their maximum loading rates and mixing ratios ... ...

    Abstract Co-digestion has been used to improve biogas yields and the long-term stability of anaerobic digesters compared to mono-digestion; however, less is known about the ultimate inhibition from co-substrates at their maximum loading rates and mixing ratios because these limits cannot be practically tested by existing facilities. Here, we performed a controlled experiment with long operating periods to ensure sufficient acclimation with the goal to observe ultimate inhibition and the full benefit that can be gained from co-digestion. The three substrates: 1) food waste (FW); 2) alkaline hydrolysate (AH); and 3) crude glycerol (GY) were individually co-digested with dairy manure (MN) for more than 900 days using continuously stirred anaerobic reactors at mesophilic temperatures. Food waste caused no reduction in performance or stability when co-digested with manure up to a total organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.9 g volatile solids (VS)·L−1·Day−1 (MN:FW = 51:49; VS basis), resulting in a specific methane yield (SMY) of 297 ± 3 mL CH4·g VS−1 for the combined wastes. Alkaline hydrolysate was co-digested with manure up to a total OLR of 2.7 g VS·L−1·Day−1 (MN:AH = 75:25) with a corresponding SMY of 299 ± 6 mL CH4·g VS−1. However, the free ammonia concentration reached levels previously reported as inhibitory, and may have led to the observed accumulation of volatile fatty acids at higher loading rates. Crude glycerol co-digestion resulted in an optimum SMY of 549 ± 25 mL CH4·g VS−1 at a total OLR of 3.2 g VS·L−1·Day−1 (MN:GY = 62:38). Stable digestion beyond this level was prohibited by an accumulation of long-chain fatty acids and foaming. These results can be used to implement effective co-digestion strategies. Co-substrates that possess similar inhibiting characteristics should be monitored to prevent severe instability at high loading rates and mixing ratios.
    Keywords acclimation ; ammonia ; anaerobic digesters ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; dairy manure ; digestion ; foaming ; food waste ; glycerol ; hydrolysates ; long chain fatty acids ; methane ; methane production ; mixing ; temperature ; volatile fatty acids
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-1215
    Size p. 446-457.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 202613-2
    ISSN 1879-2448 ; 0043-1354
    ISSN (online) 1879-2448
    ISSN 0043-1354
    DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2015.05.055
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Harnessing anaerobic digestion for combined cooling, heat, and power on dairy farms: An environmental life cycle and techno-economic assessment of added cooling pathways

    Usack, J.G / J.W. Tester / L. Gerber Van Doren / L.T. Angenent / R. Posmanik

    American Dairy Science Association Journal of dairy science. 2019 Apr., v. 102, no. 4

    2019  

    Abstract: Anaerobic digestion coupled with combined heat and power production on dairy farms is environmentally advantageous; however, high capital and operating costs have limited its adoption, especially in the United States, where renewable electricity and heat ...

    Abstract Anaerobic digestion coupled with combined heat and power production on dairy farms is environmentally advantageous; however, high capital and operating costs have limited its adoption, especially in the United States, where renewable electricity and heat production are under-incentivized. Biogas is also at a disadvantage because it has to compete with very low natural gas prices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating absorption refrigeration technology for combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) on the farm to help bridge this economic hurdle. A combined environmental life cycle and techno-economic assessment was used to compare 2 cooling pathways with and without co-digestion. We considered using CCHP to (1) displace electricity-driven refrigeration processes (e.g., milk chilling/refrigeration, biogas inlet cooling) or (2) mitigate heat stress in dairy cattle via conductive cow cooling. All cooling scenarios reduced environmental emissions compared with combined heat and power only, with an appreciable reduction in land use impacts when employing conductive cow cooling. However, none of the cooling scenarios achieved economically viability. When using cooling power to displace electricity-driven refrigeration processes, economic viability was constrained by low electricity prices and a lack of incentives in the United States. When used for conductive cow cooling, economic viability was constrained by (1) low waste heat-to-cooling conversion efficiency; (2) limited conductive cow cooling effectiveness (i.e., heat-stress mitigation); and (3) low heat stress frequency and limited severity. However, we predict that with minor improvements in conductive cow cooling effectiveness and in hotter climates, CCHP for conductive cow cooling would be economically viable even in current US energy markets.
    Keywords absorption ; anaerobic digestion ; biogas ; capital ; climate ; cold treatment ; cooling ; cows ; dairy cattle ; dairy farming ; economic sustainability ; electricity costs ; emissions ; farms ; heat production ; heat stress ; land use ; markets ; milk ; natural gas ; operating costs ; power generation ; refrigeration ; renewable electricity ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-04
    Size p. 3630-3645.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 242499-x
    ISSN 1525-3198 ; 0022-0302
    ISSN (online) 1525-3198
    ISSN 0022-0302
    DOI 10.3168/jds.2018-15518
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 486: Show issues
    Einzelsign.: Show issues

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  6. Article: An evaluation of anaerobic co-digestion implementation on New York State dairy farms using an environmental and economic life-cycle framework

    Usack, J.G / J.W. Tester / L. Gerber Van Doren / L.T. Angenent / R. Posmanik / R.A. Labatut

    Applied energy. 2018 Feb. 01, v. 211

    2018  

    Abstract: Anaerobic digestion systems on dairy farms in New York State rely on gate-fee revenues from co-digestion to ensure economic viability. Yet, because gate fees are paid on a volumetric (or weight) basis, farmers have been compelled to accept large waste ... ...

    Abstract Anaerobic digestion systems on dairy farms in New York State rely on gate-fee revenues from co-digestion to ensure economic viability. Yet, because gate fees are paid on a volumetric (or weight) basis, farmers have been compelled to accept large waste volumes. When these wastes are co-digested at rates exceeding the design capacity of the digester, potentially significant technical, environmental, and economic consequences may arise. To better understand these trade-offs, we performed a combined environmental life-cycle and economic assessment with uncertainty analysis. We used the Anaerobic Digestion Model #1 to simulate the co-digestion process for 10 potential co-substrates that were hypothetically mixed with dairy manure throughout a range of loading rates. These simulation results demonstrated the need to include a robust anaerobic digestion model to capture complex process dynamics and loading limits. Results also showed that while higher loading rates were more economically favorable, they caused considerable reductions in the degree of waste stabilization during the digestion process, which dramatically increased downstream methane emissions (e.g., >450%) on the farm compared to manure-only digestion. Regardless, most co-digestion scenarios led to a net reduction in total life-cycle emissions compared to manure only and not digesting the co-substrate due mainly to greater electric power production and synthetic fertilizer replacement. Economically, gate-fee revenue was the most important contributor to profitability, substantially outweighing the revenue from electric power production, while also compensating for the increased handling costs of the added waste volume. Ultimately, the model clearly demonstrated the important environmental and economic implications arising from current anaerobic digestion implementation practices and policy in New York State. In addition, the model highlighted key stages in the system life-cycle, which was used to instruct and recommend immediately actionable policy changes.
    Keywords anaerobic digestion ; dairy farming ; dairy manure ; economic impact ; economic sustainability ; electric power ; emissions ; farms ; income ; issues and policy ; methane production ; mineral fertilizers ; models ; power generation ; profitability ; uncertainty analysis ; New York
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0201
    Size p. 28-40.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2000772-3
    ISSN 0306-2619
    ISSN 0306-2619
    DOI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.032
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Development of a highly specific and productive process for n-caproic acid production: applying lessons from methanogenic microbiomes.

    Agler, M T / Spirito, C M / Usack, J G / Werner, J J / Angenent, L T

    Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

    2014  Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) 62–68

    Abstract: High productivity and specificity in anaerobic digesters arise because complex microbiomes organize into a metabolic cascade to maximize energy recovery and to utilize the advantage that the gaseous end product methane freely bubbles out of the system. ... ...

    Abstract High productivity and specificity in anaerobic digesters arise because complex microbiomes organize into a metabolic cascade to maximize energy recovery and to utilize the advantage that the gaseous end product methane freely bubbles out of the system. These lessons were applied to ascertain whether a reactor microbiome could be shaped to produce a different end product. The liquid product n-caproic acid was chosen, which is a 6-carbon-chain carboxylic acid that is valuable and that has a relatively low maximum solubility concentration for product recovery. Acetoclastic methanogenesis was inhibited by pH control and a route was provided for n-caproic acid extraction by implementing selective, in-line recovery. Next, ethanol was supplemented to promote chain elongation, which is a pathway in which short-chain carboxylic acids are elongated sequentially into medium-chain carboxylic acids with two-carbon units derived from ethanol. The reactor microbiome developed accordingly with the terminal process catalyzed by chain-elongating bacteria. As a result, n-caproic acid production rates increased to levels comparable to anaerobic digestion systems for solid waste treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors/microbiology ; Caproates/metabolism ; Refuse Disposal/methods
    Chemical Substances Caproates ; hexanoic acid (1F8SN134MX)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 764273-8
    ISSN 1996-9732 ; 0273-1223
    ISSN (online) 1996-9732
    ISSN 0273-1223
    DOI 10.2166/wst.2013.549
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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