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  1. Article: Bibliotherapy for depression.

    Usher, Tegan

    Australian family physician

    2013  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 199–200

    Abstract: Bibliotherapy can be used to treat mild to moderate depression or subthreshold depressive symptoms, as a sole or supplementary therapy. Bibliotherapy is a form of guided self-help. The patient works through a structured book, independently from the ... ...

    Abstract Bibliotherapy can be used to treat mild to moderate depression or subthreshold depressive symptoms, as a sole or supplementary therapy. Bibliotherapy is a form of guided self-help. The patient works through a structured book, independently from the doctor. The role of the doctor is to support and motivate the patient as they continue through the book and to help clarify any questions or concerns the patient may have. Relevant books can be purchased or often borrowed from a library, with limited cost and good accessibility from a patient perspective. Patients need to have a reading age above 12 years and have a positive attitude toward self-help. Bibliotherapy has NHMRC Level 1 evidence of efficacy and no serious adverse effects have been reported. This article forms part of a series on non-drug treatments, which summarise the indications, considerations and the evidence, and where clinicians and patients can find further information.
    MeSH term(s) Bibliography as Topic ; Bibliotherapy/instrumentation ; Bibliotherapy/methods ; Depression/therapy ; Humans ; Physician's Role
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 423718-3
    ISSN 0300-8495
    ISSN 0300-8495
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Biomarkers for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: emerging data for use of JC virus DNA copy number in clinical trials.

    Cortese, Irene / Norato, Gina / Harrington, Patrick R / Usher, Therri / Mainardi, Ilaria / Martin-Blondel, Guillaume / Cinque, Paola / Major, Eugene O / Sheikh, Virginia

    The Lancet. Neurology

    2024  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 534–544

    Abstract: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare but devastating demyelinating disease caused by the JC virus (JCV), for which no therapeutics are approved. To make progress towards addressing this unmet medical need, innovations in clinical trial ... ...

    Abstract Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a rare but devastating demyelinating disease caused by the JC virus (JCV), for which no therapeutics are approved. To make progress towards addressing this unmet medical need, innovations in clinical trial design are needed. Quantitative JCV DNA in CSF has the potential to serve as a valuable biomarker of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy disease and treatment response in clinical trials to expedite therapeutic development, as do neuroimaging and other fluid biomarkers such as neurofilament light chain. Specifically, JCV DNA in CSF could be used in clinical trials as an entry criterion, stratification factor, or predictor of clinical outcomes. Insights from the investigation of candidate biomarkers for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy might inform approaches to biomarker development for other rare diseases.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ; JC Virus ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Biomarkers
    Chemical Substances DNA, Viral ; Biomarkers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2081241-3
    ISSN 1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
    ISSN (online) 1474-4465
    ISSN 1474-4422
    DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00099-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Dissecting the Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Frailty in a Nationally Representative Cohort Study with Respect to Health, Income, and Measurement.

    Usher, Therri / Buta, Brian / Thorpe, Roland J / Huang, Jin / Samuel, Laura J / Kasper, Judith D / Bandeen-Roche, Karen

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2020  Volume 76, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–76

    Abstract: Background: Racial/ethnic frailty prevalence disparities have been documented. Better elucidating how these operate may inform interventions to eliminate them. We aimed to determine whether physical frailty phenotype (PFP) prevalence disparities (i) are ...

    Abstract Background: Racial/ethnic frailty prevalence disparities have been documented. Better elucidating how these operate may inform interventions to eliminate them. We aimed to determine whether physical frailty phenotype (PFP) prevalence disparities (i) are explained by health aspects, (ii) vary by income, or (iii) differ in degree across individual PFP criteria.
    Methods: Data came from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study baseline evaluation. The study sample (n = 7,439) included persons in all residential settings except nursing homes. Logistic regression was used to achieve aims (i)-(iii) listed above. In (i), health aspects considered were body mass index (BMI) status and number of chronic diseases. Analyses incorporated sampling weights and adjusted for sociodemographic factors.
    Results: Comparisons are versus non-Hispanic whites: Non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.76) and Hispanics (1.56, 1.20-2.03) continued to have higher odds of frailty after accounting for BMI status and number of chronic diseases. Non-Hispanic blacks had elevated odds of frailty in all income quartiles, including the highest (OR = 2.19, 1.24-3.397). Racial/ethnic disparities differed considerably across frailty criteria, ranging from a twofold increase in odds of slowness to a 25%-30% decrease in odds of self-reported exhaustion.
    Conclusions: BMI and disease burden do not explain racial/ethnic frailty disparities. Black-white disparities are not restricted to low-income groups. Racial/ethnic differences vary considerably by NHATS PFP criteria. Our findings support the need to better understand mechanisms underlying elevated frailty burden in older non-Hispanic black and Hispanic Americans, how phenotypic measures capture frailty in racial/ethnic subgroups and, potentially, how to create assessments more comparable by race/ethnicity.
    MeSH term(s) African Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Frailty/genetics ; Health Status Disparities ; Hispanic Americans/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Income ; Male ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glaa061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Religious Involvement and Health over Time: Predictive Effects in a National Sample of African Americans.

    Roth, David L / Usher, Therri / Clark, Eddie M / Holt, Cheryl L

    Journal for the scientific study of religion

    2016  Volume 55, Issue 2, Page(s) 417–424

    Abstract: In this study, two telephone interviews that assessed both religious involvement and health-related quality of life were conducted approximately 2.5 years apart in a national sample of 290 African Americans. Religious involvement was assessed with an ... ...

    Abstract In this study, two telephone interviews that assessed both religious involvement and health-related quality of life were conducted approximately 2.5 years apart in a national sample of 290 African Americans. Religious involvement was assessed with an instrument that measured both personal religious beliefs (e.g., having a personal relationship with God) and more public religious behaviors (e.g., attending church services). Health-related quality of life was measured with version 2 of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item short form (SF-12v2). Structural equation models indicated that higher religious beliefs at baseline predicted better physical and mental health 2.5 years later. Higher religious behaviors at baseline contributed smaller, complementary suppression effects. Physical and mental health indicators from the SF-12v2 at baseline did not predict changes in either religious beliefs or religious behaviors over time. These findings indicate that, for African Americans, personal religious beliefs lead to beneficial health effects over time, whereas individual differences in health do not appear to predict changes in religious involvement.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2024375-3
    ISSN 1468-5906 ; 0021-8294
    ISSN (online) 1468-5906
    ISSN 0021-8294
    DOI 10.1111/jssr.12269
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Residential Segregation and Hypertension Prevalence in Black and White Older Adults.

    Usher, Therri / Gaskin, Darrell J / Bower, Kelly / Rohde, Charles / Thorpe, Roland J

    Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society

    2016  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 177–202

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this article was to assess segregation's role on race differences in hypertension among non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites aged 50 and over.: Method: Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this article was to assess segregation's role on race differences in hypertension among non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites aged 50 and over.
    Method: Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, or self-reported antihypertensive medication use. Segregation measures combined race, neighborhood racial composition, and individual and neighborhood poverty level. Logistic models produced odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each segregation category, adjusting for health-related factors.
    Results: Blacks in Black (OR = 2.54, CI = [1.61, 4.00]), White (OR = 2.56, CI = [1.24, 5.31]), and integrated neighborhoods (OR = 3.23, CI = [1.72, 6.03]) had greater odds of hypertension compared with Whites in White neighborhoods. Poor Whites in poor neighborhoods (OR = 1.74, CI = [1.09, 2.76]), nonpoor Blacks in nonpoor (OR = 3.03, CI = [1.79, 5.12]) and poor neighborhoods (OR = 4.08, CI = [2.16, 7.70]), and poor Blacks in nonpoor (OR = 4.35, CI = [2.17, 8.73]) and poor neighborhoods (OR = 2.75, CI = [1.74, 4.36]) had greater odds compared with nonpoor Whites in nonpoor neighborhoods.
    Conclusion: Interventions targeting hypertension among older adults should consider neighborhood compositions.
    MeSH term(s) Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Environment ; Social Segregation ; United States ; White People/statistics & numerical data
    Chemical Substances Antihypertensive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 155897-3
    ISSN 1552-4523 ; 0733-4648
    ISSN (online) 1552-4523
    ISSN 0733-4648
    DOI 10.1177/0733464816638788
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The Role of Marital Status in Physical Activity Among African American and White Men.

    Porch, Tichelle C / Bell, Caryn N / Bowie, Janice V / Usher, Therri / Kelly, Elizabeth A / LaVeist, Thomas A / Thorpe, Roland J

    American journal of men's health

    2016  Volume 10, Issue 6, Page(s) 526–532

    Abstract: Racial differences in physical activity among men are well documented; however, little is known about the impact of marital status on this relationship. Data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 was used to determine whether ...

    Abstract Racial differences in physical activity among men are well documented; however, little is known about the impact of marital status on this relationship. Data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 was used to determine whether the association of race and physical activity among men varied by marital status. Marital status was divided into two categories: married and unmarried. Physical activity was determined by the number of minutes per week a respondent engaged in household/yard work, moderate and vigorous activity, or transportation (bicycling and walking) over the past 30 days. The sample included 7,131 African American (29%) and White(71%) men aged 18 years and older. All models were estimated using logistic regression. Because the interaction term of race and marital status was statistically significant (p < .001), the relationship between race, physical activity, and marital status was examined using a variable that reflects the different levels of the interaction term. After adjusting for age, income, education, weight status, smoking status, and self-rated health, African American married men had lower odds (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval = [0.46-0.61], p < .001) of meeting federal physical activity guidelines compared with White married men. Possible dissimilarities in financial and social responsibilities may contribute to the racial differences observed in physical activity among African American and White married men.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2275106-3
    ISSN 1557-9891 ; 1557-9883
    ISSN (online) 1557-9891
    ISSN 1557-9883
    DOI 10.1177/1557988315576936
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  7. Book ; Online: Scalable, Proposal-free Instance Segmentation Network for 3D Pixel Clustering and Particle Trajectory Reconstruction in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers

    Koh, Dae Heun / de Soux, Pierre Côte / Dominé, Laura / Drielsma, François / Itay, Ran / Lin, Qing / Terao, Kazuhiro / Tsang, Ka Vang / Usher, Tracy

    2020  

    Abstract: Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are high resolution particle imaging detectors, employed by accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments for high precision physics measurements. While images of particle trajectories are intuitive to ...

    Abstract Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPCs) are high resolution particle imaging detectors, employed by accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments for high precision physics measurements. While images of particle trajectories are intuitive to analyze for physicists, the development of a high quality, automated data reconstruction chain remains challenging. One of the most critical reconstruction steps is particle clustering: the task of grouping 3D image pixels into different particle instances that share the same particle type. In this paper, we propose the first scalable deep learning algorithm for particle clustering in LArTPC data using sparse convolutional neural networks (SCNN). Building on previous works on SCNNs and proposal free instance segmentation, we build an end-to-end trainable instance segmentation network that learns an embedding of the image pixels to perform point cloud clustering in a transformed space. We benchmark the performance of our algorithm on PILArNet, a public 3D particle imaging dataset, with respect to common clustering evaluation metrics. 3D pixels were successfully clustered into individual particle trajectories with 90% of them having an adjusted Rand index score greater than 92% with a mean pixel clustering efficiency and purity above 96%. This work contributes to the development of an end-to-end optimizable full data reconstruction chain for LArTPCs, in particular pixel-based 3D imaging detectors including the near detector of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. Our algorithm is made available in the open access repository, and we share our Singularity software container, which can be used to reproduce our work on the dataset.
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2020-07-06
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: Track Seeding and Labelling with Embedded-space Graph Neural Networks

    Choma, Nicholas / Murnane, Daniel / Ju, Xiangyang / Calafiura, Paolo / Conlon, Sean / Farrell, Steven / Prabhat / Cerati, Giuseppe / Gray, Lindsey / Klijnsma, Thomas / Kowalkowski, Jim / Spentzouris, Panagiotis / Vlimant, Jean-Roch / Spiropulu, Maria / Aurisano, Adam / Hewes, V / Tsaris, Aristeidis / Terao, Kazuhiro / Usher, Tracy

    2020  

    Abstract: To address the unprecedented scale of HL-LHC data, the Exa.TrkX project is investigating a variety of machine learning approaches to particle track reconstruction. The most promising of these solutions, graph neural networks (GNN), process the event as a ...

    Abstract To address the unprecedented scale of HL-LHC data, the Exa.TrkX project is investigating a variety of machine learning approaches to particle track reconstruction. The most promising of these solutions, graph neural networks (GNN), process the event as a graph that connects track measurements (detector hits corresponding to nodes) with candidate line segments between the hits (corresponding to edges). Detector information can be associated with nodes and edges, enabling a GNN to propagate the embedded parameters around the graph and predict node-, edge- and graph-level observables. Previously, message-passing GNNs have shown success in predicting doublet likelihood, and we here report updates on the state-of-the-art architectures for this task. In addition, the Exa.TrkX project has investigated innovations in both graph construction, and embedded representations, in an effort to achieve fully learned end-to-end track finding. Hence, we present a suite of extensions to the original model, with encouraging results for hitgraph classification. In addition, we explore increased performance by constructing graphs from learned representations which contain non-linear metric structure, allowing for efficient clustering and neighborhood queries of data points. We demonstrate how this framework fits in with both traditional clustering pipelines, and GNN approaches. The embedded graphs feed into high-accuracy doublet and triplet classifiers, or can be used as an end-to-end track classifier by clustering in an embedded space. A set of post-processing methods improve performance with knowledge of the detector physics. Finally, we present numerical results on the TrackML particle tracking challenge dataset, where our framework shows favorable results in both seeding and track finding.

    Comment: Proceedings submission in Connecting the Dots Workshop 2020, 10 pages
    Keywords Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; High Energy Physics - Experiment ; Physics - Computational Physics
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2020-06-30
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons in Electron-Positron and Neutral-Pion Final States with the MicroBooNE Detector.

    Abratenko, P / Alterkait, O / Andrade Aldana, D / Arellano, L / Asaadi, J / Ashkenazi, A / Balasubramanian, S / Baller, B / Barr, G / Barrow, D / Barrow, J / Basque, V / Benevides Rodrigues, O / Berkman, S / Bhanderi, A / Bhat, A / Bhattacharya, M / Bishai, M / Blake, A /
    Bogart, B / Bolton, T / Book, J Y / Brunetti, M B / Camilleri, L / Cao, Y / Caratelli, D / Cavanna, F / Cerati, G / Chappell, A / Chen, Y / Conrad, J M / Convery, M / Cooper-Troendle, L / Crespo-Anadón, J I / Cross, R / Del Tutto, M / Dennis, S R / Detje, P / Devitt, A / Diurba, R / Djurcic, Z / Dorrill, R / Duffy, K / Dytman, S / Eberly, B / Englezos, P / Ereditato, A / Evans, J J / Fine, R / Finnerud, O G / Foreman, W / Fleming, B T / Franco, D / Furmanski, A P / Gao, F / Garcia-Gamez, D / Gardiner, S / Ge, G / Gollapinni, S / Gramellini, E / Green, P / Greenlee, H / Gu, L / Gu, W / Guenette, R / Guzowski, P / Hagaman, L / Hen, O / Hilgenberg, C / Horton-Smith, G A / Imani, Z / Irwin, B / Ismail, M / James, C / Ji, X / Jo, J H / Johnson, R A / Jwa, Y-J / Kalra, D / Kamp, N / Karagiorgi, G / Ketchum, W / Kirby, M / Kobilarcik, T / Kreslo, I / Leibovitch, M B / Lepetic, I / Li, J-Y / Li, K / Li, Y / Lin, K / Littlejohn, B R / Liu, H / Louis, W C / Luo, X / Mariani, C / Marsden, D / Marshall, J / Martinez, N / Martinez Caicedo, D A / Martynenko, S / Mastbaum, A / Mawby, I / McConkey, N / Meddage, V / Micallef, J / Miller, K / Mogan, A / Mohayai, T / Mooney, M / Moor, A F / Moore, C D / Mora Lepin, L / Moudgalya, M M / Mulleriababu, S / Naples, D / Navrer-Agasson, A / Nayak, N / Nebot-Guinot, M / Nowak, J / Oza, N / Palamara, O / Pallat, N / Paolone, V / Papadopoulou, A / Papavassiliou, V / Parkinson, H B / Pate, S F / Patel, N / Pavlovic, Z / Piasetzky, E / Pophale, I / Qian, X / Raaf, J L / Radeka, V / Rafique, A / Reggiani-Guzzo, M / Ren, L / Rochester, L / Rodriguez Rondon, J / Rosenberg, M / Ross-Lonergan, M / Rudolf von Rohr, C / Safa, I / Scanavini, G / Schmitz, D W / Schukraft, A / Seligman, W / Shaevitz, M H / Sharankova, R / Shi, J / Snider, E L / Soderberg, M / Söldner-Rembold, S / Spitz, J / Stancari, M / St John, J / Strauss, T / Szelc, A M / Tang, W / Taniuchi, N / Terao, K / Thorpe, C / Torbunov, D / Totani, D / Toups, M / Tsai, Y-T / Tyler, J / Uchida, M A / Usher, T / Viren, B / Weber, M / Wei, H / White, A J / Wolbers, S / Wongjirad, T / Wospakrik, M / Wresilo, K / Wu, W / Yandel, E / Yang, T / Yates, L E / Yu, H W / Zeller, G P / Zennamo, J / Zhang, C

    Physical review letters

    2024  Volume 132, Issue 4, Page(s) 41801

    Abstract: We present the first search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) decaying into νe^{+}e^{-} or νπ^{0} final states in a liquid-argon time projection chamber using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector. The data were recorded synchronously with the NuMI ... ...

    Abstract We present the first search for heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) decaying into νe^{+}e^{-} or νπ^{0} final states in a liquid-argon time projection chamber using data collected with the MicroBooNE detector. The data were recorded synchronously with the NuMI neutrino beam from Fermilab's main injector corresponding to a total exposure of 7.01×10^{20} protons on target. We set upper limits at the 90% confidence level on the mixing parameter |U_{μ4}|^{2} in the mass ranges 10≤m_{HNL}≤150  MeV for the νe^{+}e^{-} channel and 150≤m_{HNL}≤245  MeV for the νπ^{0} channel, assuming |U_{e4}|^{2}=|U_{τ4}|^{2}=0. These limits represent the most stringent constraints in the mass range 35<m_{HNL}<175  MeV and the first constraints from a direct search for νπ^{0} decays.<br />
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.041801
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